松材线虫和拟松材线虫雄虫交合伞形状的比较

松材线虫和拟松材线虫雄虫交合伞形状的比较刘伟，杨宝君关键词松材线虫，拟松材线虫，雄虫交合伞松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。病原松材线虫ＢｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓＮｉｃｋｌｅ（简作Ｂｘ）的形态与非病原拟松材线虫Ｂ．ｍｕｃｒｏｎ...     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫繁殖能力差异研究

松材线虫作为外来入侵种,逐步取代拟松材线虫占据生态位。初步研究表明这可能与两种线虫的繁殖能力差异关系密切。本研究采取了两种方法,即离体条件竞争试验和体内竞争试验比较二者繁殖力。结果表明,松材线虫的繁殖水平明显高于拟松材线虫。松材线虫和拟松材线虫混合物长时间培养后,松材线虫逐步竞争淘汰拟松材线虫。除此以外,离体培养和体内竞争结果均表明,竞争条件下松材线虫的繁殖力高于非竞争条件。     

松材线虫雌虫尾部形态和寄主的关系

Tenninal mucro of adult female was the distinct character between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx) and its allied species Bursaphe/enchus mucronatus (Bb). In general, Bx had no mucro. But it could have mucro in some situations. In the test, Bx without mucro was inoculated on Chineses pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii). The results showed that 85% of adult females Bx isolated from Chinese pine had terminal mucro. On Japanese black pine only 4.2% of adult females Bx had terminal mucro. Bx with terminal mucro from Chinese pine was re-inoculated on the fungus, Pestalotia sp. and Japanese black pine. It was found that 100% adult females had no terminal mucro on the fungus and 3.4% with terminal mucro on Japanese black pine.     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫杂交试验及后代繁殖力研究

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus和拟松材线虫B.mucronatus是伞滑刃属内两个独立的种,均可引起松材线虫病。松材线虫与拟松材线虫能否进行种间杂交在学术界一直存在争议。采用4个虫株在实验室条件下开展了杂交试验及杂交后代繁殖力研究。结果表明:实验室条件下松材线虫和拟松材线虫可成功杂交,他们之间未发展出严格的生殖隔离,二者极可能来源于同一祖先。     

河北省松材线虫病适生条件及预防对策

河北省适合于松材线虫病的寄主主要是松属的一些树种；传播松材线虫的媒介昆虫主要有松褐天牛、云杉花黑天牛；年均气温１０℃以上的松材线虫病适生区大致在长城以南的秦皇岛、迁安、迁西、遵化（经平谷、密云、怀柔、昌平一带）、易县紫荆关、阜平驼梁一线以南。应采取加强宣传、培训、检疫和重视媒介昆虫的监测及防治等预防对策。     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫不同株系致病性的研究*

１９９０－１９９３年，从国内外收集的松材线虫９个株系和拟松材线虫５个株系，用皮接法接种３－６年生的松苗，测定线虫的致病性。结果表明，松材线虫的致病力明显高于拟松材线虫，其中国内的５个株系致病力最高，拟松林线虫通常不致病或致病力极低，在同一线虫种内，株系间致病力随寄主不同而不同。在寄主死亡速度上，寄主相同并死亡率相同或相近时，采自南京、广东马尾松病树上的线虫株系接种后，寄主平均死亡时间略短于其它株系     

松材线虫和拟松材线虫的杂交遗传差异研究*

运用杂交方法对来自南京、四川、日本、法国和加拿大等地的松材线虫和拟松材线虫共１０个株系作遗传分析，结果表明中国的松材线虫和拟松材线虫能杂交成功，但后代数量少且大多不孕，两者间遗传差异较大，这两种线虫各株系间无明显差异。当中国线虫分别与日本、法国、加拿大株系杂交时，无论种间或种内均有差异，前者差异更显著。种间杂交中多数后代雌虫较难与父本加交产生子代幼虫。种间杂交在产生正常后代的同时也产生１０％～６０     

日本松材线虫病研究的最新动向

该文重点对近2a日本松材线虫病的研究文献进行整理分析。目前松材线虫病的研究仍是日本国森林病虫害的主要研究课题。在松树的抗（感）病机理、线虫在树体内的活动与增殖规律、线虫与天牛的关系、生物防治以及新技术在研究中的应用等方面取得较大进展。     

Mutual influences in growth and reproduction between pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and bacteria it carries

The interactions between pine wood nematode and three bacterium strains isolated from the nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which are two strong pathogenic bacterium strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A and Pseudomonas putida ZpB1-2A and a weak-pathogenic bacterium strain, Pantoea sp. ZM2C, were studied. The result showed that the strong-pathogenic GcM5-1A strain and ZpB1-2A strain significantly increased fecundity, reproduction rate, and the body volume of the adult nematode. Meanwhile, pine wood nematodes significantly promoted reproduction of the two strong-pathogenic bacterium strains. However, the weak-pathogenic bacterium strain, ZM2C, completely inhibited reproduction of pine wood nematodes. Aseptic pine wood nematodes significantly inhibited reproduction of the strain ZM2C. The results indicated that mutualistic symbiosis exists between pine wood nematodes and the two pathogenic bacteria it carries. The phenomenon showed that the pathogenic bacteria carried by the nematode were not accidentally contaminated, but rather had existed as symbionts of the nematode with which it had coevoluted over a long period. The role of mutualistic symbiosis in the process of pine wilt disease was also discussed. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2005, 29(3): 1–4 [译自: 南京林业大学学报, 2005, 29(3): 1–4]     

松材线虫病致病机理的研究进展

该文对松材线虫病的致病机制的研究进行了概述。目前对松材线虫病的病原有两种看法，一种认为松材线虫是惟一病原，另一种认为病原为松材线虫和细菌两种生物。对于松材线虫的致病机理，目前存在3种观点。第1种观点认为松材线虫的酶使松树薄壁细胞的细胞壁和细胞膜遭到破坏，树脂不正常地从树脂道中渗漏并扩散到相邻的管胞中，使水分输导受阻，导致萎蔫。第2种观点认为松树感染了松材线虫后，木质部内挥发性萜烯类物质的含量增加，这些物质进入管胞在管胞中形成空洞，致使水分输导受阻。第3种观点认为松树感染松材线虫后，体内产生有毒物质，这些物质使松树萎蔫。     

松材线虫对湖南林业和生态环境影响的风险性分析

遵循国际植物保护公约（IPPC）制定的有害生物分析准则，结合森林植物检疫对象的特点，从地理和管理标准、传入、定殖、定殖后扩散的可能性、潜在的经济和环境重要性在对松材线虫传入湖南进行了风险分析。证明松材线虫完全符合检疫性有害生物地理和管理标准，随松类植物及产品的调运从国内外疫区传入的可能性极大，在湖南完全能够定殖，定殖后能迅速扩散并暴发成灾，不仅对全省林业生产影响极大，而且严重威胁世界自然遗产武陵源风景区的安全,提出了3种降低风险的管理措施。     

松材线虫病疫木安全利用新途径

该文在实地调查的基础上研究了利用松材线虫病疫木种植茯芩并杀死其中的松材线虫、松褐天牛达到安全利用的方法。研究表明:疫木种植茯苓第63天,样木中的松材线虫可全部死亡;第77天松褐天牛可全部死亡,种植240 d后,茯苓可采收,每立方米疫木可收益约1 100元。对利用疫木种植茯苓在种植技术、时间及安全性方面进行了可行性分析,并对经济效益和对生态环境的影响进行了评估。     

Responses of water-stressedPinus thunbergii to inoculation with avirulent pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus): Water relations and xylem histology

The effect of water-stress conditioning on water relations and histological features ofPinus thunbergii Parl. inoculated with avirulent isolate ofBursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, pine wood nematode, were investigated. Pines were kept under 8 days cycle of severe water stress. One-half of the water-stressed pines died as a result of infection by avirulent pine wood nematode and water stress tended to induce increased susceptibility and/or decreased resistance of pines to avirulent pine wood nematode. In dead pines, the water conducting function of xylem was lost, and all of the parenchyma cells died. In surviving pines, the xylem hydraulic conductivity and the xylem water content were significantly reduced (12 to 23% and 77 to 83%, respectively) compared to controls. Safranin dye perfusion of excised axis stem segments indicated that the water conductance was limited to the very narrow peripheral area of xylem. Embolism caused by cavitation in the tracheids occurred in the central part of xylem and in that dysfunctional region of the xylem the axial parenchyma cells surrounding the epithelial cells, and ray parenchyma cells partly degenerated but the epithelial cells survived. The disruption of tracheid shape observed in surviving pines indicates that avirulent pine wood nematode temporarily disturbed cell division of the cambium. Considering the differences in responses between dead pines and surviving pines after inoculation with avirulent pine wood nematode, the death of water-stressed pines apparently resulted from death of cells, in particular the vascular cambium and the loss of xylem hydraulic function by cavitation.     

微波处理松材线虫病疫木技术研究

该文对利用微波处理松材线虫病疫木技术进行了研究，结果表明：不论木材厚薄大小、含水量多少、在微波处理炉腔内怎样堆放，以及环境温度、微波功率等因素的如何变化，只要SWB-Ⅱ型隧道式微波除害处理设备显示的木材表面温度大于68℃，持续30min，就能有效地杀死松木中的松褐天牛和松材线虫。     

松材线虫入侵的黑松内栖真菌区系初步研究

松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（Steiner ＆ Buhrer）Nickle）是毁灭性森林病害——松材线虫病的病原物,主要危害针叶树种,尤其是松属（Pinus spp．）树种。黑松（Pinus thunbergii Pad．）原产日本及朝鲜半岛东部沿海地区,因其耐海雾、抗海风、可在海滩上生长等特性,在我国辽宁、山东、河北、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、湖北、广东等省大量栽植,总面积约159300hm^2。研究证明,黑松是松材线虫病的高度感病树种,一旦松材线虫入侵,后果是毁灭性的,将给森林造成严重的、不可挽回的损失。     

松材线虫病检疫检验取样方法的研究

对24个样本分别采用木条（10g)和0.6cm钻头钻取的木屑（10g)作为分离材料进行线虫分离，利用方差分析的方法对线虫分离结果进行分析，其差异不显著，两种取样方法对线虫检验的结果没有影响，对19个样本分别采用木条（10g)和用1cm的钻头钻取的木屑（10g和5g)3种分离材料进行线虫分离，同样利用方差分析对虫分离结果进行分析，其差异也不显著，3种分离材料对线虫检验结果同样没有影响。因此，利用电钻取样是可行的，这种方法快速简便，易于推广应用。     

引诱松褐天牛检测松材线虫病的方法

通过林间设置松褐天牛Ｍｏｎｏｃｈａｍｕｓａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｕｓ引诱剂，对引诱到的松褐天牛进行分离，１０分钟后就能检查出有无病原线虫的存在，５０分钟后线虫全部游离到水中。该方法具有在病害传入早期及时发现和检测时间短等优点