中国多孔菌新记录种软薄孔菌

本文报道了我国多孔菌一种新记录种软薄孔菌 Antrodia gossypina,根据中国的材料对该菌形态特征进行了详细描述 ,并与欧洲的标本进行了比较研究     

Legacies from natural forest dynamics: Different effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi in pine and spruce forests

The species composition of wood-inhabiting fungi (polypores and corticoids) was investigated on 1138 spruce logs and 992 pine logs in 90 managed and 34 natural or near-natural spruce and pine forests in SE Norway.Altogether, the study included 290 species of wood-inhabiting fungi. Comparisons of logs with similar properties (standardized tree species, decay class, dimension class) in natural and managed forests showed a significant reduction in species number per log in managed spruce forests, but not in managed pine forests. The species number per log in managed spruce forests was 10-55% lower than on logs from natural spruce forests. The reduction was strongest on logs of large dimensions. A comparison of 200-400 spruce logs from natural and managed forests showed a 25% reduction in species richness corresponding to a conservative loss of ca. 40 species on a regional scale.A closer inspection revealed that species confined to medium and very decayed spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests, whereas species on early decay classes and decay generalists were unaffected. Similarly, species preferring large spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests. Forest management had strongest impact on low-frequent species in the spruce forests (more than 50% reduction), whereas common species were modestly affected. Corticoid fungi were more adversely affected than polypore fungi.These results indicate that wood-decaying fungi in pine forests are more adapted to forest disturbances than spruce-associated species. Management measures securing a continuous supply of dead wood are more important in spruce forests than in pine forests.     

中国多孔菌一新记录种——西加薄孔菌

报道了中国多孔菌一新记录种———西加薄孔菌Antrodiasitchensis(Baxter)Gilb .&Ryvarden ,该菌产自黑龙江省小兴安岭丰林自然保护区。根据中国的材料对该菌形态特征进行了详细描述 ,并与欧洲的标本进行了比较     

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Achyranthes ferruginea

Chloroform extract (CE) of Achyranthes ferruginea and N-trans-feruloyl-4-methyldopamine (1) showed remarkable antimicrobial activities against a wide range of bacteria and fungi. Both crude extract (CE) and compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicity of LC(50) at 16.21 microg/ml and 11.70 microg/ml, respectively.     

木腐菌木质素分解酶活力的初步研究

本文对８种木腐菌，１３株菌株的木质素分解酶活力进行了初步研究，结果表明：１３株木腐菌菌株都具有程度不同的木质素分解酶活力，其中白腐菌的木质素分解酶活力高于褐腐菌，酶活力增长速度较快，高酶活力维持时间长。这些结果对于木材防腐研究及白腐菌综合利用的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Light-mediated activities of some Thai medicinal plant teas

Forty-one types of commercially available Thai medicinal teas were tested for their light-mediated activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus K147 methicillin-sensitive (Ms), Escherichia coli DC10, E. coli (wild), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 187 (wild), Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results represent a first report of the light-mediated antimicrobial activities of Thai medicinal teas and suggest that phytochemical investigations may be warranted.     

Responses of polypore fungi following disturbance-emulating harvesting treatments and deadwood creation in boreal Norway spruce dominated forests

ABSTRACT

The emulation of natural disturbances in harvesting has become a widely accepted approach to reach ecologically sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of polypore fungi (species richness and composition) on four different cutting methods (selection, gap, patch, and clear-cutting) plus uncut controls, and the creation of high stumps and cut logs in combination with harvesting. Polypores were inventoried one year before, and two and seven years after cutting. A total of 71 polypore species were found, but no red-listed species were recorded seven years after cutting. Irrespective of the treatment, the variation in polypore richness was best explained by the number of deadwood objects in the stands. Species richness per deadwood object was the highest on natural logs. Species richness per volume of spruce deadwood was the highest on small-diameter deadwood and stumps, intermediate on natural logs and lower on cut logs and high stumps. These results indicate that cut logs created in harvesting cannot compensate the loss of deadwood in cutting and energy wood harvesting. Our results demonstrate the difficulty in rapidly creating habitats for red-listed polypores in commercially managed forests.     

Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of some Indonesian plants

Ten methanolic extracts from eight Indonesian medicinal plants were phytochemically screened and evaluated for antiviral (HSV-1 and Poliovirus) and cytotoxic activities on murine and human cancer lines (3LL, L1210, K562, U251, DU145, MCF-7). Besides Melastoma malabathricum (Melastomataceae), the Indonesian Loranthaceae species among which Elytranthe tubaeflora, E. maingayi, E. globosa and Scurrula ferruginea exhibited attractive antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) was found active on Poliovirus. S. ferruginea was selected for further studies because of its activity on the U251 glioblastoma cells.     

Two new triterpenoids from the bark of Eucalyptus exserta and their molluscicidal and cytotoxic activities

Two new triterpenoids, 2α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-3β-trans- isoferulate (1) and 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyolean-18-en-28-oic acid (2), together with three known triterpenoids (3-5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the bark of Eucalyptus exserta. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 exhibited molluscicidal activity against Pomacea canaliculata. All isolated compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against Spodoptera litura (SL) cells.     

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae

Antioxidative effects of methanolic extracts from six wild European Lamiaceae species have been studied with the use of three in vitro assays. The ability of scavenging free radicals was measured by DPPH reduction spectrophotometric assay. The reducing potential towards transition metals was tested by phosphomolybdenum method and the inhibition of lipid oxidation was tested by Fe/ascorbate system with photometric TBARS detection. All studied herbs exposed strong antioxidant capability, but the results were different for each species depending on the applied test. In DPPH scavenging the order from strongest to the weakest was: Leonurus cardiaca, Lamium album, Marrubium vulgare, Stachys officinalis, Lamium purpureum, Galeopsis speciosa. With phosphomolybdenum method the extract of S. officinalis was the strongest in both 40 degrees Celsius and 90 degrees Celsius but other species acted differently in both temperatures. In lipid peroxidation assay, the maximum inhibition of 78% was reached by S. officinalis and M. vulgare, whereas for both Lamium sp. and L. cardiaca slightly exceeded 70% and for G. speciosa reached 65%. The observed differences indicate the complexity of involved mechanisms and support the necessity of combining several assays in studying the antioxidant potential of medicinal plants.     

A new cytotoxic xanthone from Garcinia rigida

A new xanthone, yahyaxanthone (1), was isolated from Garcinia rigida leaves. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that 1 was inhibitory to L1210 cell, with an IC50 value 4.08 microg/ml.     

Effects of some seed-borne fungi on Picea glauca and Pinus strobus seeds

Effects of inoculations of nine fungi to prechilled and nonchilled seeds of Picea glauca and Pinus strobus were studied in unsterilized and sterilized nursery soils, and a peat-vermiculite-perlite mixture. All the fungi demonstrated weak pathogenicity to seeds.     

Anthelmintic activities of three medicinal plants from Nigeria

Aqueous extracts of the leaf, stem bark and root bark from Canna bidentata, Spondias mombin and Commiphora africana were examined for anthelmintic activity against earthworm. All the extracts demonstrated a concentration-dependent activity at tested concentrations of 10-80 mg/ml. Higher activities were observed at the higher concentrations, 40-80 mg/ml for all the plant extracts. C. bidentata with a paralysis time of 3-5 min and death time of 5-18 min at these concentrations for the stem bark, and S. mombin which exhibited comparatively higher efficacy (34-44 min paralysis time and 105 min death time for the leaf) at lower concentrations of 10-20 mg/ml were adjudged the outstanding anthelmintics of plant origin accordingly.     

Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from India

The results of a preliminary antimicrobial screening of the methanol extracts of Zingiber officinale, Asteracantha longifolia, Citrus acida, Salacia microsperma and Tinospora cordifolia are reported.     

Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Ghana

The results of a preliminary antimicrobial screening of the methanol extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Piper guineense, Xylopia aethiopica, Zingiber officinale, medicinal plants of Ghana, are reported.     

A Check of Polypores on Larix in Northeast China

Polypore species growing on species of Larix Mill, in Northeast China were investigated during 1993~2003, and 73 polypores were recorded. Among them 25 species (ca. 34.2%) are considered as rare species, 28 species (ca. 38.4%) are occasional species, and 20 species (ca. 27.4%) are the common species. Gloeophyllum protractum (Fr.) Imazeki is new record to China.     

Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic 2-arylbenzofurans from Morus wittiorum

Three new 2-arylbenzofurans named wittifuran H, wittifuran I and wittifuran U (1-3) were obtained during our ongoing investigation of an ethanol extract from the stem bark of Morus wittiorum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compound 2 displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity and selective cytotoxicity against human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 with an IC(50) value of 1.45μM.     

New diterpenoids and cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory diterpenoids from Amentotaxus formosana

Two new abietane diterpenoids, ramentoxide (1) and ramentoxidone (2) and a new icetexane diterpenoid, amentonone (3) were isolated from the barks of Amentotaxus formosana. The structures of 1-3 were determined by spectroscopic methods. Known compounds brevitaxin (4), and (+)-ferruginol (5) and ent-kaur-16-en-15-one (6) isolated from this plant revealed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells, MCF-7 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 0.08 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and significant anti-inflammatory activities, respectively.     

Antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the bark of Cananga odorata

O-Methylmoschatoline, liriodenine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid isolated from the barks of Cananga odorata showed antibacterial activities against a number of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. The compounds also showed antifungal and cytotoxic activities.     

Two new cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Clematis argentilucida

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-BuOH extract of the roots of Clematis argentilucida led to the isolation of two new triterpenoid saponins along with a known one, cussonside B (3). By extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences, the structures of the two new saponins were determined to be 3β-O-[β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin-11,13-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3β-O-{β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl} oleanolic acid (2), respectively. Saponin 1 is the first example of triterpenoid saponins with two double bonds located at C-11 and C-13 in the aglycone from the genus Clematis. The two new saponins exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 cell lines, human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cell lines and human glioblastoma U251MG cell lines with a range of IC(50) values from 2.74 to 25.40μM, while 3 showed inactivity against all of the three cancer cell lines.