动物转移因子在家禽疾病防制中的应用

转移因子(Transfer factor,TF)是白细胞中有免疫活性的T淋巴细胞所释放的一类小分子可透析物质[1],具有传递免疫信息、激发免疫细胞活性、调节免疫功能、增强机体特异性和非特异性细胞免疫功能等作用.……     

羊胎盘肽对犬血清SOD活性及MDA水平的影响

1985年,刘月新等首先报道从健康产妇胎盘中提取一种小分子活动性物质,称为胎盘因子,也叫胎盘转移因子。经进行理化性质分析和生物活性研究表明,它的活性成分是小分子多肽,称为胎盘肽。胎盘肽在临床上已广泛用于治疗急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、过敏性哮喘、肿瘤、重症肌无力、白细胞减     

转移因子对猪瘟和猪蓝耳病疫苗免疫增强效果试验

转移因子（TF）是白细胞中有免疫活性的T淋巴细胞所释放的一类小分子可透析物质，具有传递免疫信息、激发免疫细胞活性、增强淋巴细胞转化、提高机体免疫功能等作用，该活性产物能够将致敏淋巴细胞的免疫信息传递给未致敏的受体淋巴细胞。猪瘟和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是危害养猪业的重要传染病，     

转移因子对猪瘟和猪蓝耳病疫苗免疫增强效果试验

转移因子（TF）是白细胞中有免疫活性的T淋巴细胞所释放的一类小分子可透析物质,具有传递免疫信息、激发免疫细胞活性、增强淋巴细胞转化、提高机体免疫功能等作用,该活性产物能够将致敏淋巴细胞的免疫信息传递给未致敏的受体淋巴细胞。猪瘟和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是危害养猪业的重要传染病,     

抗菌肽在养殖业中的应用进展

抗菌肽是生物机体免疫系统产生的一类抵抗外源病原体感染的小分子肽类活性物质。具有广谱抗菌活性,能够抗真菌、病毒、肿瘤细胞等,作用方式独特,不易产生耐药性,是抗生素的理想替代品之一。本文主要就抗菌肽制剂在养殖生产中的应用作简要介绍,并对目前存在的问题加以论述。     

抗菌肽在养殖业中的应用进展

抗菌肽是生物机体免疫系统产生的一类抵抗外源病原体感染的小分子肽类活性物质。具有广谱抗菌活性,能够抗真菌、病毒、肿瘤细胞等,作用方式独特,不易产生耐药性,是抗生素的理想替代品之一。文章主要就抗菌肽制剂在养殖生产中应用作简要介绍,并对目前存在问题加以论述。     

抗菌肽在畜牧养殖业中的应用

抗菌肽是生物机体免疫系统产生的一类抵抗外源病原体感染的小分子肽类活性物质。具有广谱抗菌活性,能够抗真菌、病毒、肿瘤细胞等,作用方式独特,不易产生耐药性,是抗生素的理想替代品之一。主要就抗菌肽制剂在养殖生产中应用作简要介绍,并对目前存在问题加以论述。     

黄芪多糖在养猪生产中的研究应用进展

黄芪中除了甲甙、黄酮等小分子具有较强的生物活性外,黄芪多糖是黄芪中含量较多、免疫活性较强的一类物质,经试验研究表明,对猪具有抗氧化、抗病毒,调节或增强免疫功能,防病治病,促进生长,提高生产性能等生物学作用。     

生理活性物质对诱导三眠蚕的增丝效果

生理活性物质对诱导三眠蚕的增丝效果浙江农业大学陆雪芳，方晓毓，韩宇日本在八十年代研究生理活性物质对蚕的影响，其中多数是咪唑类化合物，这些物质应用于桑蚕可诱导早熟三眠蚕，并对蚕的生长发育、茧丝质及抗病性等有一定影响。我们在１９８５年发表了ＳＭ—１诱导三...     

抗菌肽研究及进展

一、抗菌肽概念 抗菌肽是生物体内存在的一种具有抗菌活性的小分子蛋白,氯基酸数目小于100,常带正电荷,并具广谱抗菌性的一类小肽,是生物体免疫防御系统产生的一类对抗外源性病原体致病作用的防御性多肽活性物质,是生物体先天免疫的重要组成成分,与干扰素、补体等组成了宿主的免疫防御系统,这类生物活性小分子是非专一性的免疫应答产物,具有广谱抗菌作用,它对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、真菌均有抑杀作用,还可以抗原虫、病毒,     

短花针茅荒漠草地放牧系统微量元素季节变化及盈缺分析

为更有效地防治内蒙古自治区四子王旗地区家畜微量元素代谢病,合理使用微量元素添加剂,采用实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法,对该地区短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）荒漠草地土壤-牧草-家畜生态系统中微量元素的水平进行检测。结果显示,土壤中铜和硒处于缺乏状态。牧草中铁和锰元素处于过量状态,硒为缺乏状态。与健康绵羊的各项指标相比较,血浆中铁和锰分别于夏秋季节和全年高于正常水平,硒和铜元素分别于秋季和冬季低于正常水平;肝脏中铁和锰全年高于正常水平,铜冬季低于临界值,硒元素秋冬季节低于正常水平;被毛中铁全年高于正常水平,而铜和硒全年低于正常水平。结合放牧绵羊对各种矿物质的进食量和消化率进行综合分析表明,该地区为高铁、高锰、低硒的生态环境,同时铜和锌处于季节性缺乏状态。     

奶牛发情周期中毛 唾液和乳汁孕酮水平的变化

本实验采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了11头奶牛一个发情周期里毛、唾液、乳汁中孕酮(P_4)含量。经产牛(n=8)的毛和唾液中P_4水平变化与乳汁中P_4水平变化一致。青年牛(n=3)的毛和睡液中的P_4水平变化一致,并分别与经产牛毛和唾液中P_4水平变化一致。7头配种后的经产牛和5头配种后的青年牛分别取20和23天的样品进行妊娠诊断,与配种后60天的直检结果相对照,依据经产牛毛、乳P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率分别是85.7％(6/7)和100％(7/7),依据青年牛毛P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率为100％(5/5)。     

Differences in composition of avian bone collagen following genetic selection for resistance to osteoporosis

1. Collagen characteristics were compared in the tibiotarsus and humerus from 103 females and 38 males aged 68 to 72 weeks from the G6 generation of lines of laying hen selected for resistance or susceptibility to osteoporosis (high and low bone index (BI) lines). 2. Selection over the latest generation resulted in further divergence in the breaking strengths of humerus (from 12.3 to 21.8%) and tibia (from 22.3 to 37.3%) in hens. Males also showed line differences in bone strengths. 3. Plasma pyridinoline concentration was higher in hens in the low BI line, suggesting a greater rate of bone resorption in this line. 4. There were few differences between the lines in collagen and calcium concentrations in humerus and tibiotarsus cortical bone. 5. There were no differences between the lines in either sex in reduced immature collagen cross-link content of humerus or tibiotarsus. 6. Mature collagen cross-link content was higher in the high BI line in the male humerus but this effect was not apparent in the male tibiotarsus nor in either bone in the females. 7. Pyrrolic cross-link contents were higher in the high BI line in the female humerus and tibiotarsus and in the male tibiotarsus. 8. Over both lines combined, there were positive correlations between humeral and tibiotarsal pyrrole contents and strengths in females and between tibiotarsal pyrrole content and strength in males. 9. It is concluded that an increase in cross-linking, particularly pyrrolic cross-linking, in the collagen matrix contributes in part to the improvement in bone strength in the high BI line.     

Effects of intravenously administered tetra-thiomolybdate on the distribution of copper in the liver and kidney of copper loaded sheep: a histochemical study

The effects of intravenously administered thiomolybdate on the liver and kidney of copper loaded sheep were studied using 16 ewes in three groups. Copper, iron and molybdenum concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry and the distribution of copper in the liver and kidney was studied histochemically. Following thiomolybdate administration, the concentration of copper in the liver was reduced, that of molybdenum increased and the concentration of copper and molybdenum in the kidney increased. The reduction of copper concentration in the liver was associated with reductions in the number and size of granules in hepatocytes which stained positively for copper and in the number of Kupffer cells containing positively staining granules. The decrease in the amount of copper in hepatocytes appeared to be greater than that in Kupffer cells. This effect was greatest in the centrilobular zones and least in the periportal zones. The increased concentration of copper and molybdenum in kidney was associated with an increase in the number and size of granules staining positively for copper in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules which suggested an uptake of copper-molybdenum complexes by the lysosomes of these cells.     

Masticatory and skeletal muscle myositis in canine leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum)

Twenty-four dogs with a parasitologically and serologically established diagnosis of leishmaniasis were studied to investigate the atrophy of the masticatory muscles which commonly occurs in this disease, and to compare the lesions in the masticatory muscles with those in the cranial tibial muscles. The 24 animals were divided into three groups of eight, group A dogs with no muscular atrophy, group B dogs with different degrees of atrophy in the masticatory and skeletal muscles, and group C dogs with similar degrees of atrophy in the masticatory and skeletal muscles. Increased activities of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were recorded in only some of the dogs in groups B and C, but there were no significant differences between the mean activities in the three groups. Electromyographic changes indicating myopathy and involving both the temporalis and cranial tibial muscles, were observed in two of the dogs in group A, seven of those in group B, and in all the dogs in group C. Muscle histopathology revealed a variable degree of muscle fibre necrosis and atrophy, mononuclear infiltrates and neutrophilic vasculitis in all the dogs except two in group A. Leishmanial amastigotes were found within macrophages and myofibres in 16 of the dogs, some in each group. IgG immune complexes were detected in muscle samples, and circulating antibodies against myofibres were detected in serum samples from all the 24 dogs.     

Is Lamina Muscularis Mucosae Present in the Ruminal Mucosa of Cattle?

The cells in the condensed fibrous layer in the lamina propria of the ruminal mucosa of the calves and cows were studied at the light microscopic level. Abundant actin-immunoreactive cells were detected both in the calves and cows, while desmin-immunoreactive cells were moderate in frequency in the cows and low or absent in the calves. Vimentin-immunoreactive cells were abundant in the cows but moderate to low in frequency in the calves. These cells were distributed to form a condensed layer being more abundant in the ruminal papillae than the interpapillar mucosae in the cows and equal in the papillae and interpapillar mucosae in the calves. At the ultrastructural level, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were abundant in the deep core of the ruminal papilla of the cows. The present results suggest that the condensed fibrous layer revealed in the ruminal mucosae contains smooth muscle cell population which could be regarded as the specialized lamina muscularis mucosae.     

奶牛养殖小区育成牛粪中污染因子的四季动态监测研究

本文研究了奶牛养殖小区育成牛粪中污染因子的季节变化规律,结果表明,育成牛鲜粪中含水率春季最低,冬季最高;风干粪样中,除夏季全氮和全磷顺序颠倒外,五项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质〉全氮〉全磷〉锌〉铜;育成牛全氮含量夏季最低、冬季最高,全磷含量秋季最低、夏季最高,有机质含量夏季最低、秋季最高,铜含量夏季最低、春季最高,锌含量春季最低、夏季最高。     

Rumen fermentation with special reference to volatile fatty acid production during reproduction. 1. Methods and results of volatile fatty acid levels and production rates in vitro

The target of the investigations was to register part of the synthesis performance in the rumen of ewes during the complete reproduction cycle. With the help of in-vitro experiments with artificial rumen the concentration and production rates of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid were measured. From the experiments the measured data of fertility-accentuated crossbreeding (experiment 1) and crossbreeding (experiment 2) ewes were contrasted. The average concentrations of volatile fatty acids in ewes are 95.4 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 109.2 m mol/l in experiment 2 during the early stage gestation, 121.4 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 99.8 m mol/l in experiment 2 in the last stage stage of gestation, 129.6 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 112.8 m mol/l in experiment 2 during lactation and 106.6 m mol/l in experiment 1 and 112.9 m mol/l in experiment 2 during the dry period. The production rates of volatile fatty acids calculated form their concentration amount to 4.8 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 2.6 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 in the early stage of gestation, 3.5 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 3.1 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 in the last stage of gestation, 3.2 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 2.7 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 during lactation and 3.7 m mol/l X h in experiment 1 and 2.9 m mol/l X h in experiment 2 in the dry period. The correlation between the concentration and the production rate of volatile fatty acids is not significantly negative in either of the ewe experiments. The scattering of the individual values is wide so that the individual influence of the test animals as well as the influence of the in-vitro method used permit the conclusion that a significant statement on the influence of the genotype and the stage of reproduction on the production rates cannot be made.     

Numbers of dogs, cats, birds, and exotic animals in veterinary practices in the Netherlands 1994-2005 and possible consequences for the veterinary curriculum

The species of pets owned in the Netherlands are constantly changing, and it is important that veterinary practitioners have information about the number and species of pets presented in veterinary practice. Using the same methodology as in 1994, we determined the relative importance of the various pet species in 2005 and compared these data with those for 1994. The most notable findings were a 25% increase in the number of birds and exotic animals seen in small and large animal practices (from about 10% to about 12.5%), a doubling of the number of birds and tripling of the number of pigeons seen in mixed practices, a doubling of the number of reptiles seen in small animal practices, and a 10-fold increase in the number of fish seen in veterinary practices in general. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of cats (from 46% to 40.7%) and an increase in the proportion of dogs (from 44% to 46.7%). These trends in veterinary practice consultations did not parallel those seen in pet ownership. The increase in the number of birds (especially pigeons), reptiles, and fish seen in veterinary practice emphasizes the need to pay attention to these species in the standard companion animal curriculum.     

规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子的四季动态监测研究

本研究对规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子进行了四季监测,结果表明,鲜粪中含水率两类牛群夏季最高、春季最低;风干粪样中,除产奶牛夏季全氮和全磷外,产奶牛和育成牛5项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质＞全氮＞全磷＞锌＞铜;两类牛群全磷含量夏季最高、秋季最低,有机质含量春季最高、夏季最低,铜和锌含量夏季均最低;产奶牛全氮含量夏季最低、春季最高,铜含量春季最高,锌含量冬季最高;育成牛全氮含量夏季最高、秋季最低,铜含量秋季最高,锌含量春季最高.