小麦秸秆浸提液和腐解液对水稻的化感效应

通过设置小麦秸秆浸提液和腐解液对水稻种子发芽和幼苗生长发育影响试验,明确小麦秸秆对水稻的化感效应.水稻种子萌发试验采用平板培养法,水稻生长发育试验采用砂培法.试验结果表明:与对照相比,小麦秸秆浸提液和腐解液均显著降低水稻种子的发芽指数和水稻植株生物量、叶绿素含量以及根系活力(p＜0.05),同时显著增加水稻植株丙二醛含量(p＜0.05);小麦秸秆腐解液对水稻的化感效应强于秸秆浸提液,小麦秸秆叶部浸提液对水稻的化感效应强于茎秆浸提液,小麦秸秆15d腐解液对水稻的化感效应强于7d腐解液;4种浸提液或腐解液5倍稀释后均减缓了对水稻发芽和植株生长发育的抑制作用.小麦秸秆浸提液和腐解液的总酚酸含量均较高,含量介于90.80～222 mg L-1,且总酚酸含量与水稻植株鲜重、根系活力、叶绿素以及水稻发芽指数显著负相关,而与水稻植株丙二醛含量显著正相关.小麦秸秆浸提液和腐解液均对水稻产生化感效应,其作用强度与秸秆腐解方式、秸秆不同部位及腐解时间有关,同时小麦秸秆化感效应的产生与浸提液和腐解液中的酚酸含量有关.     

甘蔗根际土壤化感潜力评价及其化感物质分析

以"福农28"和"赣蔗18"的新植、宿根甘蔗根际土壤为材料,以未种植甘蔗的土壤为对照,探讨甘蔗根际土壤水浸提液及不同极性有机溶剂浸提液化感作用潜力及其主要化感物质成分(GC-MS鉴定)。结果表明:甘蔗根际土壤的水浸提液对莴苣幼苗具有化感作用,表现为高抑低促,且宿根甘蔗根际土壤水浸提液对莴苣的抑制作用比新植甘蔗强;有机溶剂浸提液的生物测试结果表明,弱极性的乙醚、石油醚浸提液对莴苣具有一定的促进作用,中极性的氯仿和强极性的甲醇浸提液则相反,且甲醇浸提液对莴苣的抑制作用最强。水浸提液及有机溶剂浸提液的测定结果均表明,"赣蔗18"宿根甘蔗根际土壤的化感潜力高于"福农28"。"赣蔗18"宿根甘蔗根际土壤甲醇浸提液物质成分分析结果表明,"赣蔗18"宿根甘蔗根际土壤中存在与化感作用相关的物质有54个,主要分为5大类:酸类、萜类、酚类、甾类、酯类。     

红壤侵蚀退化地土壤对不同来源可溶性有机碳的吸附特征

选取南方典型红壤侵蚀退化地恢复后的马尾松林为研究对象,通过在室内模拟芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)和马尾松(Pinus massoniana)的鲜叶与凋落叶的浸提液在侵蚀退化地原状土柱的淋溶过程,分析了植被恢复过程中马尾松林土壤对不同来源可溶性有机碳(DOC)吸附特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)红壤侵蚀退化地对不同来源DOC的吸附作用具有明显差异,来自马尾松鲜叶的DOC平均截留量最大为2.39mg/kg,来自芒萁鲜叶的DOC平均截留量最小为1.67mg/kg,说明马尾松鲜叶的DOC更易被表层土壤吸附,芒萁鲜叶的DOC更易进入深层土壤,不同来源DOC组成和性质的差异是其主要原因。(2)随着退化地的植被恢复,土壤渗滤液的DOC浓度增加,土壤截留DOC能力下降。土壤DOC截留量与粉粒和土壤pH呈正相关,与土壤DOC含量、土壤有机碳含量和砂粒呈负相关,其中土壤有机碳含量可以解释DOC截留量变化的51.4%,是影响土壤DOC截留能力的关键因素。(3)光谱特征表明芳香类化合物、腐殖类物质易被土壤吸附,吸附能力更强的物质可以解吸土壤中亲水性腐殖类物质。淋溶后DOC光谱特征的变化由不同来源DOC的化学组成和土壤有机碳的性质共同决定。红壤侵蚀退化地对不同植物来源的DOC吸附作用特征主要受DOC和土壤SOC性质的共同调控,对进一步认识退化红壤的固碳机制具有重要参考价值。     

不同腐解方式下棉秆腐解液对棉花枯、黄萎病菌的化感效应

采用自然腐解与接种微生物人工腐解两种方式分别处理棉秆,研究了两种腐解物水浸提液对棉花枯、黄萎病菌的化感效应。结果显示,两种腐解液对枯、黄萎病菌的菌丝生长及孢子萌发均具有较强的抑制作用,抑制强度整体上随着腐解液浓度的升高而增大。棉秆自然腐解液对枯、黄萎病菌菌丝生长的最大抑制率分别为58.17%、48.16%,对孢子萌发的最大抑制率分别为23.29%、16.22%,对枯、黄萎病菌毒力的有效中浓度（EC50）分别为33.20、45.20g·L-1;人工腐解液对枯、黄萎病菌菌丝生长的最高抑制率分别为71.63%、79.04%,对孢子萌发的最高抑制率分别为35.45%、42.74%,EC50分别为24.18、20.75g·L-1。表明棉秆腐解后具有作为植物源抑菌剂的开发潜力,并且采用人工方式腐解棉秆能有效提高腐解液对棉花枯、黄萎病菌的抑制强度。     

西芹鲜根浸提液作用后黄瓜枯萎病菌弱毒菌株的筛选

结合室内化感抑菌作用试验和温室人工接菌盆栽试验, 研究了西芹鲜根浸提液连续处理对黄瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长的影响及病菌致病力的变化。结果表明, 在连续5代浸提液作用下, 50 mg·mL^-1的西芹鲜根丙酮、乙醇浸提液与其对照相比, 显著抑制了黄瓜枯萎病菌菌落的生长, 表现为化感抑制作用。50 mg·mL^-1的西芹鲜根蒸馏水浸提液处理只有在第3代培养过程中, 对菌落生长表现为化感抑制作用, 其他几代则既有抑制作用又有促进作用。温室人工接菌各代不同处理的黄瓜枯萎病菌进行菌株致病力测定, 并于1周开始发病后调查病情。结果显示, 连续5代继代培养后接种过程中, 西芹鲜根丙酮、乙醇、蒸馏水浸提液处理较其对照致病力降低, 表现为浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌毒力的致弱作用; 且随继代培养代数的增加, 病菌的致病力表现为逐渐降低。继代培养至第5代时, 丙酮浸提液处理的致病力为0, 表现为致弱作用最强。试验通过西芹鲜根浸提液的连续处理筛选到了黄瓜枯萎病菌的弱毒菌株。     

大气氮沉降提高低磷土壤条件下马尾松菌根共生和磷效率的原因

【目的】菌根共生是提高植物磷(P)营养高效利用的重要机制之一。近年来大气氮(N)沉降的增加,导致森林土壤有效氮含量增加、 N/P比发生改变,将影响菌根共生植物的生长和磷效率。【方法】以马尾松优良家系作为试验材料,NH4NO3作为外加氮源,设置模拟氮沉降与同质低磷(介质表层与深层均缺磷)、 异质低磷 (介质表层磷丰富、 深层缺磷)耦合条件下马尾松外生菌根共生的盆栽实验,系统研究模拟氮沉降对低磷胁迫下马尾松家系菌根化苗生长和磷效率的影响。【结果】 1)模拟氮沉降对马尾松菌根共生的影响与土壤磷素环境有关。在表层和深层磷素均极为匮乏的同质低磷条件下,氮沉降降低了苗木菌根侵染率和侵染程度,然而提高了菌根共生对马尾松生长和磷效率作用的有效性,马尾松的生长量和生物量均显著增加。在表层磷丰富、 深层缺磷的异质低磷条件下,菌根共生对马尾松苗木生长有抑制作用,然而氮沉降降低了其抑制程度,高氮较低氮处理对菌根侵染苗木和菌根化苗生物量积累的抑制程度小; 2)同质低磷下,模拟氮沉降显著降低了菌根化苗的根系生长,但增加了根系APase活性和有机酸分泌量,尤其是有机酸分泌量增加了近3倍。相关性分析表明,有机酸分泌对菌根化苗生长的贡献显著高于APase,这是氮沉降促进马尾松生长的主要原因之一。异质低磷下,模拟氮沉降处理后苗木深层菌根的生长发育程度较表层好,深层根的根尖数显著增加。有机酸分泌的增加提高了苗木的磷效率,促进了菌根化苗木的生长; 3)不同低磷环境下,氮沉降的增加均降低了土壤磷的相对有效性,菌根通过增加马尾松苗木对土壤磷的吸收和利用, 从而改善磷素营养促进马尾松生长发育。两种磷素环境下,马尾松菌根化苗生长对模拟氮沉降均较敏感; 4)马尾松菌根化苗生长对模拟氮沉降的响应存在显著的家系差异。【结论】大气氮沉降可改善马尾松的氮素营养,增加菌根作用的有效性,从而促进马尾松对磷的吸收,进而促进了林木的生长。不同马尾松品种对氮沉降的反应有差异,筛选高氮-低磷环境下菌根共生能力强的马尾松基因型,将成为提高土壤磷素生物学利用效率的重要途径。     

蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对马铃薯致病菌的抑制作用

为探究有机废弃物蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对马铃薯致病菌立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）和尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）的抑制作用,该研究采用皿内生长速率法测定了蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液及二者混和液的抑菌作用,并通过盆栽试验分析了它们对马铃薯促生抑病效果。结果表明,蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌均有显著的抑制作用,浸提液的100倍稀释液对立枯丝核菌抑制作用分别可高达78.3%和98.8%,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用分别为60.1%和75.8%;2种废弃物浸提液混合后具有协同增效作用,混合液稀释1000倍后,对立枯丝核菌的抑制率为98.6%,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率为72.6%。将有机废弃物浸提液高温灭菌后,对病原菌抑制效果极大的下降,与空白对照相比相差较小。盆栽试验结果表明,蚯蚓粪和活性污泥的浸提液能有效防治马铃薯茎溃疡病,2种浸提液1∶1混合稀释200倍后,防治效率高达75.0%。而且蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液灌根施用能促进马铃薯幼苗的生长,浸提液1∶1混合稀释200倍后施用,与对照相比株高增长了56.8%。综上,有机废弃物蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对马铃薯致病菌具有显著抑制效果,2种废弃物浸提液混合施用对马铃薯茎溃疡病的防治有协同增效作用。     

5种松针浸提液对白三叶草的化感作用

为探讨油松、华山松、雪松、白皮松和樟子松5种不同品种松针水浸提液和甲醇浸提液对白三叶草的化感作用,本研究采用培养皿生物测定法,研究了不同浓度松针浸提液对白三叶草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,松针浸提液对白三叶草种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均表现出明显的抑制作用,且随着浸提液浓度升高抑制作用增强;对幼苗生长主要表现为抑制作用,对根长的抑制作用明显高于苗高,但对白三叶草幼苗干重的影响不显著。5种松针水浸提液对白三叶草的化感作用敏感趋势大体为:华山松>雪松>樟子松>白皮松>油松;5种松针甲醇浸提液对白三叶草的化感作用敏感趋势大体为:油松>雪松>华山松>樟子松>白皮松。由此可知,5种松针浸提液对白三叶草具有化感抑制作用,能够影响白三叶草正常生长,松树林下林草复合模式不适宜选择白三叶草。这将为人工林下牧草的选择以及制定适宜的林草复合模式提供理论依据。     

7种不同树种凋落叶对模拟酸雨缓冲性能的研究

采用浸提法,研究杉木、火力楠、木荷、楠木、马尾松、格氏栲和闽粤栲7种树种凋落叶对模拟酸雨的缓冲性能。结果表明:各树种凋落叶对模拟酸雨的缓冲能力中,火力楠凋落叶最强;楠木、木荷、杉木和马尾松凋落叶的缓冲能力相仿,处于中间的位置;格氏栲和闽粤栲凋落叶的缓冲能力最弱。在pH 2.7和pH3.5的模拟酸雨中,7种树种凋落叶均提高模拟酸雨溶液的pH值;在pH 5.0的模拟酸雨中,除火力楠外,其余6种树种凋落叶均未能提高模拟酸雨溶液的pH值。7种树种凋落叶在模拟酸雨作用下溶液pH值的上升幅度随着模拟酸雨酸度的增加而增加。除了pH 2.7模拟酸雨中格氏栲凋落叶盐基离子浸提总量大于木荷外,3个酸度梯度模拟酸雨盐基离子浸提总量的关系均是火力楠闽粤栲木荷格氏栲楠木杉木马尾松。7种树种除火力楠和木荷凋落叶外,各树种凋落叶盐基离子浸提总量均随着模拟酸雨酸度的增加而增加;各盐基离子的浸提量则随模拟酸雨酸度变化呈现出不同的变化趋势。通过综合分析得知,7种不同树种凋落叶对模拟酸雨的缓冲能力与凋落叶的pH值密切相关;盐基离子的淋溶虽然对缓冲模拟酸雨产生了重要作用,但是凋落叶对酸雨的缓冲性能是凋落叶与酸雨通过多种途径综合作用的结果。     

凤丹组织浸提液对Cu污染土壤中吊兰生长及其Cu富集特性的影响

通过对凤丹进行组织分离、提取获得其各部分组织浸提液,添加至铜污染土壤中,进行盆栽试验,研究凤丹组织浸提液对铜污染土壤中吊兰生长及其对铜的富集特性的影响。结果表明,随着铜浓度的上升,吊兰的各项形态学指标都有所下降,损伤程度上升,吊兰体内的抗氧化物酶活性上升。凤丹组织浸提液处理对吊兰生长具有一定的抑制作用,其中,凤丹根皮浸提液的抑制作用最为显著,叶浸提液的作用的次之,茎浸提液的作用最小。凤丹叶浸提液处理在一定程度上促进吊兰对铜的富集作用,凤丹茎浸提液的作用不明显,而凤丹根皮浸提液对吊兰的富集作用有显著性抑制。     

Allelopathic potential and an allelopathic substance in mango leaves

The present study was aimed to determine the allelopathic potential of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves and to identify allelopathic substances in the leaves. The aqueous methanol extracts of mango leaves inhibited seedling growth of garden cress, radish, rapeseed, foxtail fescue and crabgrass, and the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing extract concentration, suggesting that mango leaves may contain allelopathic substances. The extract was then purified by several chromatographic runs through a bioassay-directed fractionation, and an growth inhibitory substance was isolated and identified by spectral data as methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate). Methyl gallate at the concentration of 10 mM inhibited 98.6% and 99.8% of root and shoot growth of garden cress relative to the control, respectively, and 94.4% and 49.3% of those of foxtail fescue, respectively. The concentrations of methyl gallate required for 50% growth inhibition (I₅₀) on garden cress roots and shoots were 3.9 and 3.3 mM, and those on foxtail fescue roots and shoots were 1.5 and 9.5 mM, respectively. It is the first report of an allelopathic substance in mango leaves and allelopathic activity of methyl gallate. Therefore, the mango leaves may have potential as a soil additive material for the weed management options.     

黄顶菊水提液对玉米幼苗株高及叶片生理生化指标的影响

以黄顶菊新鲜植株为材料,用蒸馏水浸提活性物质,得到0.1、0.05和0.01g/mL三种不同干物质含量的黄顶菊水提液.以蒸馏水为对照,利用不同含量的黄顶菊水提液处理无土栽培的玉米幼苗,每4d测定幼苗叶片中MDA(丙二醛)、POD(过氧化物酶)、SOD(超氧化歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和CHL(叶绿素)含量.结果表明,黄顶菊水提液处理对玉米幼苗株高产生了明显的抑制作用,且每个处理与对照相比差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).黄顶菊水提液中含量越高,抑制作用越显著.幼苗叶片中MDA含量、POD、SOD、CAT活性均高于对照,而CHL含量低于对照.研究还发现,不同含量处理和不同处理时间对玉米幼苗MDA含量、抗氧化酶和CHL含量的影响之间存在极显著的交互作用.结果预示黄顶菊水提液能够抑制幼苗生长,含量越大,作用效果越明显,可为进一步研究黄顶菊总体化感提供参考.     

芥菜浸提液对豇豆连作土壤性质及幼苗生理指标的影响

为探究芥菜浸提液对豇豆种子发芽和连作下豇豆早期幼苗生长影响的生理机制,在盆栽条件下,研究不同浓度(0、10、20、40 g·L^-1)的芥菜浸提液对豇豆种子萌发及5年连作条件下豇豆幼苗生长指标、根系形态指标、叶片保护酶活性和土壤性质的影响。结果表明,高浓度(40 g·L^-1)芥菜浸提液对种子萌发和胚根生长有强烈的抑制作用,其中发芽率、活力指数、胚根长度和数量分别显著降低85.70%、82.66%、36.15%和46.54%;而低浓度(10 g·L^-1)芥菜浸提液对种子胚根生长有显著的促进作用,其中胚根长度和数量分别显著提高44.84%和80.82%。豇豆连作土壤浇灌芥菜水浸提液可不同程度地增加豇豆幼苗株高、茎粗、干质量、鲜质量和壮苗指数,在低浓度处理下豇豆生长指标分别显著增加60.33%、12.24%、85.87%、77.31%和50.82%;此外,豇豆幼苗根长度、根系表面积、根体积、根尖数等根系指标也均有不同程度地增加,其中以低浓度浸提液处理下的豇豆幼苗综合指标最好。芥菜浸提液处理还能促进幼苗叶片过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量升高、以及抗氧化酶活性的提升,其中H₂O₂含量,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性均随着芥菜浸提液浓度的增加而降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则相反,而谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性未表现出明显的规律;芥菜浸提液还可以提高土壤pH值,降低土壤电导率,以及提高土壤酶活性,其中蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性随着芥菜浸提液浓度的增加而升高。综上所述,不同浓度芥菜浸提液对豇豆种子萌发起着低促高抑的作用,芥菜与豇豆之间存在明显的化感作用;芥菜浸提液可通过提高豇豆幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和改善豇豆根系环境,促进豇豆幼苗生长,缓解连作障碍对豇豆幼苗的危害,从而提高豇豆幼苗的抗逆能力。本研究结果为缓解豇豆连作障碍提供了新的途径。     

Effects of Garlic Bulb Aqueous Extract on Cucumber Seedlings,Soil Microbial Counts,and Enzyme Activities

The effects of the aqueous extract of garlic bulbs on cucumber seed germination, seedling growth, soil microbial counts, and soil enzyme activities were investigated using a bioassay test and a pot experiment. Garlic bulb extracts impacted cucumber seed germination and seedling growth but had no significant effects at low concentration. Polyphenol oxidase, saccharase, urease, and catalase activities were increased significantly at all concentrations of aqueous extract tested in the soil. Bacterial counts were increased by garlic bulb extract and trends of actinomycete counts were the same as for bacterial counts. Fungal counts were significantly depressed with increasing concentration of garlic bulb extract. Polyphenol oxidase activity showed significant positive correlations with catalase, saccharase, and urease activities and counts of actinomycetes and a significant negative correlation with fungal counts. The results indicate that garlic may be effective in reducing some obstacles of continuous cropping through its potential effects in appropriate culture systems.     

Stimulatory effect on pea of Typha Angustifolia L. extracts and their chemical composition

In this study, the influence of aqueous and organic extracts of different plant parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Typha angustifolia on the germination and early seedling growth of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) was evaluated. Chemical composition of extracts of different plant parts of Typha was also determined. Aqueous (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g L^?1) and organic extracts (at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg mL^?1) were applied to the seeds of two pea cultivars, Douce de Provence and Lincoln, placed in Petri dishes. Application of extracts had a beneficial effect on germination and early seedling growth of both pea cultivars. However, aqueous extract of leaves showed the most beneficial effect at 60 and 40 g L^?1 for the cultivars Douce de Provence and Lincoln, respectively. The effect could be attributed to the allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of leaves had the most stimulating effect on the germination and early seedling growth of pea. Analysis of Typha extracts indicated the presence of vitamin E in leaves, which could be responsible forthis stimulation. Moreover, Typha leaves also had substantial amount of flavonoids. In conclusion, the allelopathic activity of of Typha was dependent on the plant part, the solvent nature, the concentration of the extracts tested, and on the pea cultivar. Application of leaf extract was the most effective in improving the germination rate and early seedling growth of pea.     

Assessment of allelopathic interference of Chenopodium album through its leachates,debris extracts,rhizosphere and amended soil

Abstract

A study conducted to assess the allelopathic interference of invasive weed Chenopodium album indicated that aqueous leachates of C. album plant parts (roots, whole plant, and leaves), debris extracts and rhizosphere soil deleteriously affected the germination and initial growth of two test plants – Cassia occidentalis (a weed) and Phaseolus aureus (a crop). Further, the plant growth in terms of height, biomass, chlorophyll and protein content was significantly lesser in soil amended with C. album debris. Aqueous leachates, debris extracts, rhizosphere soil and debris amended soil were found to contain significantly higher amounts of water-soluble phenolics – the known phytotoxins. These phytotoxins in root, above-ground parts and leaves were phenolic acids, namely gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, vanillic, p-coumaric, syringic and ferulic. Among these, chlorogenic acid was present in the maximum amount in the leaves and roots. The study concludes that C. album releases phenolics into the soil and these are probably involved in the growth inhibitory effect of C. album.     

Soybean (Glycine max) Extracts Impact on Plant and Soil Biology

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the phytotoxic effect of aqueous extract from fresh and oven-dried leaves and roots of soybean plants on maize growth and on rhizosphere soil. The extract prepared from fresh leaves of drought-stressed soybean plants significantly increased the accumulation of proline, soluble sugar, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of maize-treated plants. Increase in antioxidant activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and endogenous ABA was recorded in treated plants. The soybean leaf extracts prepared from drought-stressed plants significantly decreased the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of maize cultivated soil. The soybean drought-stressed leaf extracts prepared plants were found more effective in modulating the physiology of maize, indicating the higher allelopathic potential of soybean.     

Effect of Salinization of Soil on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation in Seedlings of Prosopis cineraria

ABSTRACT

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of salinization of soil on emergence, seedling growth, and mineral accumulation of Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) Druce (Mimosaceae). A mixture of chlorides and sulfates of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 5.1, 7.2, 9.3, 11.5, and 13.3 dS m^?1. A negative relationship between seedling emergence and salt concentration was obtained. Seedlings did not emerge when soil salinity exceeded 11.5 dS m^?1. Results suggested that this tree species is salt tolerant at seed germination and seedling stages. Elongation of stem and root was retarded by increasing salt stress. Young roots and stem were most tolerant to salt stress, followed by old roots and leaves. Leaf tissue exhibited maximum reduction in dry-mass production in response to increasing salt stress. However, production of young roots and death of old roots were found to be continuous and plants apparently use this process as an avoidance mechanism to remove excess ions and delay onset of ion accumulation in this tissue. Plants accumulated Na in roots and were able to regulate transfer of Na ions to leaves. Stem tissues were a barrier for translocation of Na from root to leaf. Moreover, K decreased in root tissues with increased salinization. Nitrogen (N) content significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in all tissues (leaf, stem, and root) in response to low water treatment and salinization of soil. Phosphorus (P) content significantly (P < 0.01) decreased while Ca increased in leaves as soil salinity increased. Changes in elements-accumulation patterns and the possible mechanisms for avoidance of Na toxicity in tissues and organism level are discussed.     

茄子秸秆水提物自毒作用初探

试验研究茄子秸秆水提物自毒作用结果表明,茄子干秸秆水提物原液浓度为0 .0 15 g/ mL时明显抑制茄时明显抑制茄子胚根的生长,低浓度提取物原液对胚芽生长有一定促进作用,当其浓度增至0 .0 75g/ mL时明显抑制茄时茄子胚芽生长也受抑,表明茄子秸秆水提物对茄子生长有较强的自毒作用;水提物中醇溶性组分对茄子胚根、胚芽生长的影响与水提物原液表现一致,且对水培茄子幼苗生长有较强抑制作用,表明醇溶性组分中含有大量自毒物质。茄子幼苗根系活力随水提物中醇溶性组分浓度的增加而降低,植株对NO-3 、PO3 -4、K 、Mg2 和Ca2 等离子的吸收受阻,因而抑制离子的吸收是水提物中自毒物质发挥作用的重要因素之一。     

Wirkungen organischer Substanzen auf Boden- und Düngerphosphat. Teil 2: Einfluß verschiedener organischer Stoffe auf die Mobilität von Dünger-P

Effekt of various organic substances on the mobility of fertilizer P Using model trials, studies were carried out on the influence of long-term organic manuring as well as incubation with rotted straw, maize roots, and slurry, on both the diffusion of ³²P from added (NH₄)₂H³²PO₄ in a ‘soil block’and the fixation rate of fertilizer phosphate in the soil. 1. In the “soil block experiment”, preincubation for 7 days with slurry (added to a low-P brown earth soil at a rate of 5% D. M.) increased diffusion of P as compared to an equivalent amount of added inorganic P. Preincubation with rotted straw resp. maize roots had only insignificant effects. 2. Long-term organic manuring with farmyard manure (P-long-term field trials Weihenstephan) had a significant positive effect on the diffusion of P in the soil block in contrast to annual application of mineral P. Effects of straw manuring were markedly less. 3. Addition of maize roots (5% D. M. to a non P-treated or P-enriched brown earth soil) resulted in a reduced fixation of labelled fertilizer phosphate (by 2–8%), longer preincubation periods, however, increased fixation. Preincubation with rotted straw increased P fixation by 2 to 4% as compared to an equivalent addition of inorganic P (diammonium phosphate).