鲁北地区棉花病虫害发生的特点及防治对策

滨州市地处黄淮平原,棉花是种植面积最大的经济作物,常年种植面积10万公顷以上,随着种植结构的调整,棉花病虫害发生的特点有了新变化。1发生种类的变化目前,棉田病虫害已由90年代初的几种主要病虫发生为主,转变为现在的多种病虫害相提并发的存在形式。原来的主要虫害有棉铃虫、棉蚜,病害主要是棉苗病。而现在棉田发生的主要病虫害除有以上种类外,美洲斑潜蝇、烟粉虱、棉盲蝽、棉蓟马等已上升为现在的主要虫害;棉花红叶茎枯病、轮纹病等也已成为现在的主要病害。2发生特点原来棉田病虫害主要以棉铃虫发生为主,虫害重于病害。因此在防治上主要…     

2011年新疆兵团棉花病虫害发生特点及原因分析

 介绍了2011年新疆兵团棉花病虫害的发生概况,总结了棉铃虫、棉蚜、棉叶螨、棉蓟马、棉盲蝽以及棉花苗期病害、棉花枯、黄萎病等主要病虫害的发生特点,分析了2011年棉花病虫害发生的主要原因。     

2022年新疆生产建设兵团棉花主要病虫害发生趋势预测

为了有效加强对新疆生产建设兵团棉花病虫害防控的指导,总结了近期会商预测的2022年棉花病虫害发生趋势及其依据。综合分析2021年秋季棉花病虫害越冬基数、历年病虫害发生情况、种植结构和气候条件等因素,预计2022年新疆生产建设兵团棉花主要病虫害整体中等发生,局地偏重发生,累计发生165.33万公顷次。其中：虫害发生130.66万公顷次,病害发生34.67万公顷次;棉花蚜虫、棉叶螨、棉蓟马中等偏重发生,棉花蚜虫在局地有重发趋势;棉铃虫、棉盲蝽偏轻发生;苗期病害局地中等发生;黄萎病中等发生,局地偏重发生;枯萎病中等偏轻发生。     

2007年赣北棉田病虫发生特点及防控策略

通过调查总结了2007年赣北棉田病虫发生特点是两钻蛀性害虫及小地老虎、蜗牛的发生平稳.两衷蛾和棉糖虱、棉蓟马在上升,棉盲蝽和红蜘蛛为害突出,苗期病害减轻、枯萎病及铃期病害加重.虹(黄)叶枯病点多面广.分析了引起病虫害发生变化的原因,提出了防控技术措施.     

水改旱新棉区茎枯病和叶病的发生与防治

棉花茎枯病是棉花苗蕾期常见病害之一。其初侵染源以种子带菌为主,棉苗出土后至现蕾期都有利于其发生、扩展、蔓延。江西省彭泽县杨梓乡1991年是水改旱新棉区,茎枯病、叶病在局部棉地有所发生。对此,我们进行调查研究,并采取了一定措施。现将其发生特点及防治技术简述如下。     

高密度棉田主要病虫害综合防治技术

新疆垦区棉田主要病虫害为"三虫三病",三虫即:棉铃虫、红蜘蛛、棉蚜;三病即:枯萎病、黄萎病、苗期烂根病. 1棉田主要病害 1.1棉苗烂根病.农五师棉花烂根病历年的发病面积均在6667hm2以上,2000年发病面积为1.06万公顷.特别是遇上春季低温多雨的年份烂根病会大面积发生,对棉花保全苗影响很大.     

新疆博乐垦区棉花病虫害综合治理技术

新疆博乐垦区棉花病虫害综合治理技术①余廷文新疆博乐市兵团农五师农业局８３３４００该地区棉花主要病害有枯黄萎病，其次是角斑病、棉桃黑果病；虫害有棉叶螨、蚜虫，其次是棉铃虫、蓟马。棉花黄萎病据１９９２年普查，全垦区发生为害面积已达７６６７ｈｍ２，占该年棉...     

近几年我国棉花主要病虫害发生及防控情况分析

为了更系统性了解我国棉花产区病虫害发生及防控情况,笔者汇总分析了2014～2018年《全国植保专业统计资料》,重点分析了我国棉区的棉花黄萎病、铃病、枯萎病、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、棉铃虫、盲蝽象等病虫害发生及防控情况。结果表明:我国棉花病虫危害是害虫较病害严重,2014～2018年虫害造成产量损失占比为71.01%～77.46%。主要虫害包括棉蚜、红蜘蛛、棉铃虫、盲蝽象、棉蓟马和烟粉虱,主要病害包括黄萎病、铃病、枯萎病和立枯病。棉花病害的损失挽回率比虫害低,尤其是铃病和黄萎病,5年平均损失挽回率只有57.15%和66.74%,而棉花主要虫害的损失挽回率均在77%以上。旨在为我国棉花病虫害防控提供科学依据,指导各级农业部门及时调整植保工作重点,减少病虫发生,促进农民增产增收的目的。     

坦桑尼亚腰果病虫害种类及其防治

在坦桑尼亚腰果主产区对腰果病虫害进行了系统的调查,发现为害腰果的病害12种,害虫24种。其中主要病害有白粉病、叶果回枯病和炭疽病,主要害虫有棉角盲蝽和安氏角盲蝽。还对坦桑尼亚主要腰果病虫害防治提出了相应的防治措施。     

我国剑麻主要病虫害的发生与防治

本文对发生在我国剑麻上的主要病虫害的症状、发生规律及防治措施作较详细的综述.主要病害有剑麻斑马纹病、剑麻茎腐病、剑麻炭疽病、剑麻黑斑病、剑麻平行条纹病.主要虫害有象鼻虫、红蜘蛛.近年来新发生了一些病虫害如剑麻紫色尖端卷叶病(暂定名),剑麻洁白粉蚧,剑麻茎天牛等.本文对如何应对剑麻病虫害的不断发生提出了建议.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.