苹果树形改造对产量和品质的影响

通过对密植郁闭苹果园进行树体改造,产量连年稳定上升,大果率,果实含糖量,着色度等都明显优于未改造树。     

依据不同类型选用嫁接方式提高银杏产量

银杏是雌雄异株，投产期迟、多品种的树种。要想早结果，获得较好的经济效益，在已栽种的银杏园中、通过嫁接，可以达到目的。     

嫁接栽培对辣椒产量和抗病性的影响

以引自韩国的辣椒"骄珍108"为砧木,以"赤选椒王"、"洛椒7号"尖椒,"中蔬5号"、"钰禾"甜椒品种为接穗,采用劈接法嫁接,测定嫁接苗的生长势、产量和抗病性。结果表明:嫁接后甜椒和尖椒品种的生长势、产量及对疫病、枯萎病的抗性都有显著增强;"骄珍108"可以作为辣椒栽培的优良砧木在生产上加以利用,同时要在生产中和先进的栽培技术相结合,才能更好地克服连作障碍,为保护地辣椒生产服务。     

黑果腺肋花楸不同树形与主枝数对产量的影响

该文通过抽样调查和统计分析,充分论证了黑果腺肋花楸采用丛状树形明显优于疏散分层形和扇形,当主枝数达19～22条时单位面积产量最高。     

改造树形对富士苹果产量和效益影响试验

2004年冬季和2005年春季，我们在全县范围内进行大面积树形改造工作，改造面积达66．7hm^2，为探讨树形改造对富士苹果产量和效益的影响，我们做了如下试验。     

不同树形对银杏幼树生长结果影响研究

树形对果树的丰产、稳产及果实品质至关重要.银杏嫁接幼树目前采用的是自然开心形和有主干分层形两种方式,而以开心形为多.为了探讨嫁接树树形对幼树生长结果的影响,于1997～2004年进行了本试验研究,现将试验结果报告如下.     

种植密度对保护地嫁接甜瓜生长和产量的影响

以"甜砧一号"为砧木,"丽玉"甜瓜为接穗,采用双蔓整枝,研究不同种植密度对保护地嫁接薄皮甜瓜植株生长、产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:在行距一定的条件下,适当加大株距有利于植株干物质积累,提高产量和品质,但过分加大株距不利于产量的提高。     

不同葫芦嫁接砧木对中果型西瓜品质及产量的影响

为筛选出适合本地区中果型西瓜的葫芦嫁接砧木品种,综合分析了不同嫁接砧木对中果型西瓜品质及产量的影响,本试验以‘航兴6号’西瓜为接穗,选取市场上常见的9个葫芦砧木品种嫁接,考察嫁接后植株成活率、田间长势、抗病性、果实品质、产量及经济效益等指标,结果表明:‘湖北杂4’‘京欣砧1’‘日本PEPO’‘湖北杂3’‘国产PEPO’‘瓠瓜’和‘南砧1号’嫁接亲和力好,抗病性强,嫁接的西瓜中心及边部可溶性固形物含量高,梯度小,纤维少,口感好,经济效益高。‘湖北杂3’嫁接的每667 m2产量5 640.61 kg、经济效益6 523.73元,‘南砧1号’嫁接的中心可溶性固形物含量11.86%,边部可溶性固形物含量8.74%,在9个葫芦砧木中表现较好,适合作为北京地区西瓜葫芦嫁接砧木。     

观赏型树形番茄的嫁接和培育方法

在设施栽培条件下,通过人为调控设施栽培环境(温湿度、光照、养分)和采用特殊的栽培管理手段,使一年生瓜果类蔬菜生长为多年生的"木本"树状结构,极具观赏价值.     

扁桃不同树形对树体及间作小麦产量的影响

扁桃不同树形试验结果表明:大冠形树高及东西、南北方向的冠幅分别为小冠形的1.7 8、1.67和2.33倍,枝量达到小冠形处理的6.87倍。大冠形单株负载量为1 465.2个,是小冠形处理的1.82倍。小冠形对间作区域小麦产量构成指标影响较小,各项指标均与对照接近,部分区域还略高于对照;大冠形树形对间作区域小麦株高和产量构成指标影响较大。     

不同整枝留果方式对甜瓜产量与品质的影响

在海南采用简易竹木大棚进行哈密瓜类甜瓜金海蜜品种不同整枝留果方式试验,结果表明,采用双蔓单果(主蔓留果)方式,甜瓜单果重、网纹、可溶性固形物含量、产量等表现最好;建议生产上使用该种整枝留果方式栽培。     

Influence of leaf blight on yields in geranium Pelargonium graveolens

Summary

Experiments were conducted during 1993 and 1994 at Bangalore, India, to estimate the reductions in yield of essential oil caused by leaf blight (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.) on three geranium (Pelargonium graveolens (L.) Herit) clones. Leaf blight resulted in smaller reductions in oil yield in an Algerian-type (Kd) clone than a Reunion-type (Lo) and an Egyptian-type (Eg) clone. The results indicate that even expensive disease management practices can be recommended for management of leaf blight on the Lo and Eg clones in regions where leaf blight is prevalent, because increases in severity of leaf blight may cause considerable economic loss. Such measures, however, may not be economically viable for the Kd clone.     

双砧木嫁接对西瓜生长及果实品质的影响

为了探索出一条改善嫁接西瓜品质的简便可行途径,笔者利用生产上常用的葫芦砧和南瓜砧采用贴接法进行双砧木嫁接,研究了双砧木嫁接、常规单砧木嫁接和自根嫁接西瓜生长与果实品质的差异。结果表明,采用贴接法进行的双砧木嫁接可显著提高西瓜植株主蔓长度、茎粗,双砧木嫁接西瓜的果实单瓜质量最高(1.34 kg),分别比自根嫁接(CK)及葫芦砧、南瓜砧嫁接西瓜增加91.43%、81.08%、50.56%,并可提高果实的可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量、番茄红素含量和游离氨基酸总量。双砧木嫁接能够综合单砧木的优势,增强嫁接西瓜生长势,显著增加嫁接西瓜单瓜质量,明显提高果实品质。     

渭北产区苹果不同树形光照分布对果实品质的影响

试验以13年生自由纺锤形、小冠疏层形和中干开心形红富士果树为试材,测定了不同树形冠层的光照分布和果实品质指标。结果表明,中干开心形树冠光照分布均匀良好,果实品质优良,好于自由纺锤形和小冠疏层形,是优质苹果生产优先选择的树形。     

The effectiveness of grafting to improve tomato fruit quality

The possibility of applying grafting to improve fruit quality has been scarcely investigated. Different shoot tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes were grafted onto distinctly-different tomato rootstocks and the effect of the rootstock on two important fruit quality parameters, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), was studied under both non-saline and saline conditions. Increased SSC and TA in fruits from grafted plants grown under saline conditions were observed on different grafting combinations. One of these rootstocks (cv. Radja) was able to induce increases in both fruit yield and fruit quality traits of the scion. When recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the crossing of the cultivated tomato and wild tomato (Solanum cheesmaniae) were tested as rootstocks, using the commercial hybrid ‘Boludo’ as scion, the rootstock also improved SSC and TA when grafted plants were grown under non-saline conditions. On the whole, these results show the effectiveness of grafting with respect to upgrading of fruit quality in tomato, which is of great importance as grafting is a rapid and efficient alternative to achieve this goal.     

诱抗剂处理对甜瓜叶部病害和果实品质的影响

以抗病品种银帝和感病品种卡拉克赛为材料,在露地条件下研究了几种植物提取液和苯并噻二唑(BTH)处理对甜瓜主要叶部病害及果实大小和品质的影响。结果表明,BTH、中草药提取液和侧柏提取液对甜瓜叶部各种主要病害的发生都有明显的抑制效果,尤其对白粉病的抑制效果最好,平均防效达75%。4种诱导剂中,BTH对各种病害的防效都较稳定,平均达51.44%,且在幼果期和伸蔓期+幼果期的预防效果均较植物提取液好。采前诱抗处理能明显提高两品种甜瓜果实品质及抗病品种(银帝)的产量,但对感病品种卡拉克赛产量影响不显著;初花期BTH处理可增加果肉厚度、提高可溶性固形物含量,并能改善果实经济性状。     

Effect of split applications of oil cake on leaf nutrient contents,tree growth,and fruit quality in non-astringent persimmon trees

Oil cake, widely used as an organic source of nutrients in horticultural production in South Korea, is a by-product when oil is extracted from various oilseeds. Split applications of oil cake were supplied to evaluate their effects on tree growth and fruit production in organic, non-astringent persimmon (Diospyros × kaki Thunb.) trees in 2009 and in 2010. Treatments included a single annual application of oil cake at 150 kg N ha^?1 in April (single application), two applications in April and July (105 and 45 kg N ha^?1, respectively; two-split application), or three applications in April, June, and August (60, 45, and 45 kg N ha^?1, respectively; three-split application), as well as zero application of oil cake (control). All applications of oil cake significantly increased the amount of ground-cover vegetation compared to the control. The single and two-split applications increased soil organic matter (OM), K₂O, CaO, and MgO concentrations, and cation exchange capacity to a soil depth of 0–30 cm in 2010. Oil cake applications increased soil porosity in 2010, as well as overall chlorophyll (SPAD values) and macronutrient concentrations in leaves in 2009 and 2010. Single and two-split applications stimulated water-sprout development, reduced the light intensity inside the tree canopy, and increased fruit drop. Fruit yield was higher in the two-split [24.7 metric tonnes (MT) ha^?1] and three-split application trees (25.0 MT ha^?1) compared to zero application control trees (19.8 MT ha^?1) and single application trees (21.0 MT ha^?1) in 2010. A single application resulted in soft fruit and slow skin colouration during maturation. Total soluble solids contents were higher in the control and three-split application trees in both years. The three-split application in 2010 increased the estimated production income by approx. 21% compared to the zero application, and by approx. 33% compared to a single application of oil cake.     

套袋对梨果实品质的影响

用膜袋、膜袋加双层纸袋、带膜纸袋、双层纸袋和蜡袋，对黄金梨等5个品种进行套袋试验。结果表明，套袋能显著减少果锈的发生，明显改善果实外观，但果实可溶性固形物含量下降，品质有所降低。对极易发生果锈的黄金、翠冠等绿皮梨品种，宜选用膜袋加双层纸袋或用带膜纸袋，以减少果锈，提高其商品性；对果锈少的圆黄、华山、爱甘水等褐皮梨品种，宜选用双层纸袋或蜡袋，避免果实品质明显下降。     

液体授粉对苹果坐果率及果实的影响

苹果液体授粉试验结果表明:液体授粉的花朵坐果率较自然授粉提高61.41%,花序坐果率提高13.73%;偏斜果率较自然授粉降低19.6%,果实纵径较自然授粉增加6.43 mm,果实横径较自然授粉增加8.27 mm。     

叶面喷施硼酸对'凉香'苹果叶片功能和果实品质的影响

硼是果树生长发育的重要元素,研究生长季节叶面喷施硼酸对早熟富士品种'凉香'苹果叶片功能和果实品质的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施一定浓度的硼酸,能增加叶片百叶重、净光合速率、蒸腾速率;在0.05%～0.15%浓度范围内,随叶面喷施硼酸浓度的增加,果实中的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和风味物质含量明显升高。表明叶面喷施硼酸,能显著改善'凉香'叶片功能,提高果实内在品质。