山西蟒河自然保护区雉类调查

１９９６年－１９９７年每年１月－１０月,对山西省蟒河自然保护区的雉类进行了调查。结果为该区计有雉类５种,其中石鸡（Ａｌｅｃｔｏｒｉｓｇｒａｅｃａ）,勺鸡（Ｐｕｃｒａｓｉａｍａｃｒｏｌｏｐｈａ）雉鸡（Ｐｈａｓｉａｎｕｓｃｏｌｃｈｉｃｕｓ）为当地留鸟,每年４月－７月繁殖;鹌鹑（Ｃｏｔｕｒｎｉｘｃｏｔｕｎｉｘ）和斑翅山鹑（Ｐｅｒｄｉｘｄａｕｕｒｉｃａｅ）为该地区冬候鸟。     

海南岛树木资源（续9）

被子植物亚门ＡＮＧＩＯＳＰＥＲＭＡＥ双子叶植物纲ＤＩＣＯＴＹＬＥＤＯＮＥＡＥ梧桐科ＳＴＥＲＣＵＬＩＡＣＥＡＥ山麻树《７ｏ，ｌｎｅｒｓｏｎｉａｈｏ～ｉａ（Ｌｉｎ．）Ｍ６ｒｒ）；球麻，康麻；Ｈ（７），Ｄ（２０）。尖峰，本岛常见。凸泡火绳（ｋ’ｒｊｏｌａ。ａＳｐｅｃｔａｂｉｌｊｓ（ｔｏＰｌａｎｃ。ＭｉｓｔＥ。］。ｃ。ａ（＊。。人Ｊ从ＭｄＪ妨。，）；火绳树。吊罗，尖峰。Ｘ海南梧桐（Ａ。。。ａｈａ。ｎ。。ｓ。。Ａｂｓｔｅ。）；Ｈ（３５），Ｄ（５０）。霸上，本岛西部略常见。皮灰黑褐；木材灰黄白，生长轮明显；…     

马占相思木材防腐技术初步研究

通过对马占相思（Ａｕｃａｃｉｉａ ｍａｎｇｉｍ）人工林木材的天然耐腐性、耐久性、浸注性的和木材防腐试验,结果表明：（１）马占相思人工林木材由木腐菌彩绒革盖菌（Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｕｓ ｖｅｒｉｃｏｌｏｒ）和棉腐卧孔菌（Ｐｏｒｉａ ｐｌａｃｅｎｔａ）引起的失重率分别为３６．６２％和３５．７４％,属不耐腐级至稍耐腐级,野外耐久年限少于２年,属不耐久等级。（２）短周期马占相思人工林木材可方便地采用常温常压浸泡法     

中国厚荚相思木制浆特性的研究

中国厚荚相思木制浆特性的研究中国林科院林研所潘志刚，吕鹏信中国林科院木材所陆熙娴厚荚相思（Ａｃａｃｉａｃｒａｓｓｉｃａｒｐａ）为速生乔才热带相思。它原产澳大利亚、巴布亚新几内亚、印尼等国以南纬８—２０℃地区。主要分布在海拔２００ｍ以下沿海砂地、冲积平...     

发展木材干燥生产的意见

发展木材干燥生产的意见何定华（中国林科院木材工业研究所北京１０００９１）ＣｏｍｍｅｎｔｓｏｎＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇＷｏｏｄＤｒｙｉｎｇＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨｅＤｉｎｇｈｕａ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＷｏｏｄＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ＣＡＦ，Ｂｅｉ...     

六种竹子节长模型及其特性的研究

本文研究了雅竹（Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｖｉｖａｘ）、斑苦竹（ｐｌｅｉｏｂｌａｓｔｕｓｍａｃｕｌａｔｕｓ）、满山爆竹（Ｓｉｎｏｂａｍｂｓａｌａｅｔａ）、孝顺竹（Ｂａｍｂｕｓａｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｘ）、大节竹（Ｉｎｄｏｓａｓａｃｒａｓｓｉｆｌｏｒａ）和茶秆竹（Ａｒｒｎｄｉｎａｒｉａａｍａｂｉｌｉｓ）６个竹种的节长变化规律，发现其共有两种节长变化类型．可用不同的模型去拟合，拟合效果良好．同时，应用数学分析的方法，对这两类节长模型的特性作了探讨．     

世界近代灭绝兽类

欧洲Ａｕｒｏｃｈｓ原牛１６２７Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎｗｉｌｄｈｏｒｓｅ（Ｔｏｒｐａｎ）欧洲野马１８６７Ｃａｕｃａｓｉａｎｂｉｓｏｎ（ｗｉｓｅｎｔ）高加索野牛１９２５Ｐｏｒｔｕｇｕｅｓｅｉｂｅｘ波图格萨北山羊美洲Ｅａｓｔｅｒｎｂｉｓｏｎ东部野牛１８２５Ｏｒｅ...     

吉林省主要造林树种地位指数表的编制

吉林省地处寒温带,就植物区系而言属寒温带针阔混交林区,是我国重要的木材生产基地。依树种的生态学特性、生物学特性及其在林业生产中所起的重要作用,目前吉林省造林树种主要有红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓ）、长白落叶松（Ｌａｒｉｘｏｌｇｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．Ｃａｎｇｐａｉｓｉｓ）、樟子松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓｖａｒ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）、大青杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｕｓｓｕｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ）、水曲柳（Ｆｒａｘｉｎｕｓｍａｎｄｓｈｕｒｉｃａ）、品种杨。由于林分上层高受密度的影响较小,能够较好地反映立地…     

数控镂铣机的开发与应用

数控镂铣机的开发与应用刘兰生（昆明人造板机器厂昆明６５０２０２）ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＤｉｇｉｔａｌＲｏｕｔｅｒＬｉｕＬａｎｓｈｅｎｇ（ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＷｏｏｄ－ｂａｓｅｄＰａｎｅｌＭａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙＦａｃｔｏｒｙ，Ｋｕ...     

三种人工林桉树轴向生长应变变异初探

以雷州１号桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ ｌｅｉｚｈｏｕ Ｎｏ．１）、柠檬桉（Ｅ．ｃｉｃｒｉｏｄｏｒａ）和尾叶桉（Ｅ．ｕｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）为研究对象,测量其不同年龄立木的轴向生长应变以及生材材性指标参数,研究表明,采伐、树木高度对生长应变测量的影响可以忽略;树种种间、种内不同树龄的轴向生长应变差异显著,但变异规律复杂,有待进一步研究,生长应变与树木胸径显著相关,而与木材基本密度和生材密度无关。     

酸雨对杨树生长和木材化学性质的影响

对受酸雨危害和未受酸雨危害杨树的年轮宽度和木材化学性质的对比研究表明：酸雨对杨树生长和木材化学性质产生了明显的影响。酸雨会导致树木生长减缓,年轮宽度变窄,受害材的年轮宽度较健康材相对降低１２．６７％。受害材与健康材的ｐＨ值无明显差异,酸、碱缓冲容量有显著差异。与健康材相比,受害材的戊聚糖和木质素含量相对升高１．４３％和３．７２％,而综纤维素的含量相对减少３．４５％,灰分的含量相对减少８．３４％。受     

Radial variations in the anatomical characteristics and density of the wood of Acacia mangium of five different provenances in Indonesia

The anatomical characteristics and density of wood were examined in 23-year-old Acacia mangium trees that had been planted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The seeds had been collected from trees of five different provenances. The distance from the pith of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood was also examined to clarify the maturity of the wood. Lengths of wood fibers near the pith and the distance from the pith of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood differed significantly among provenances. By contrast, other anatomical characteristics of the wood such as fiber wall area, fiber wall thickness, fiber diameter, vessel lumen area, vessel diameter, vessel frequency and wood density did not differ significantly among provenances. Wood density was strongly correlated with the area of fiber walls. Our observations suggest that Sidei and Daintree might be more appropriate provenances among those examined for the Acacia mangium tree-breeding programs in Indonesia that are aimed at improving wood quality, because these provenances are associated with longer initial wood fibers and narrower juvenile areas than the other provenances studied.     

36个美洲黑杨无性系基本材性遗传变异的研究*

山东省长清县３６个８年生美洲黑杨无性的木材基本密度、纤维长度，树高和胸径在无性系间的变异达极显著水平，用选优法选出５个密度较高，纤维较生，生长较快的优良无性系，它们的引种号分别是１３号，３号，３４号，２２号和８号，除２２号起源于加拿大外，其余均起源于美国，木材基本密度，纤维长度，树高和胸径的广义遗传力分别为０．３２、０．４０、０．４３和０．７１，材性和生长性受中等或较强遗传控制。树木生长速度分别与     

杨树新无性系木材性质的变异研究

The wood basic density, cellulose content and fiber form were investigated for all sample trees at breast height (1.3m) in seven poplar clones, and at 0 (butt), 5.6, 9.6, 13.6, 17.6, 19.6 and 21.6 m for clone Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895, respectively,for providing information on variation patterns of wood density, fiber characteristics and holocellulose content within trees and among clones. The results showed that significant variations about wood density, cellulose content, fiber diameter and the ratio of fiber length to diameter existed among poplar clones examined. Variance analysis indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber diameter and cellulose content among the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency along the direction from pith to bark. The significant differences also existed in wood basic density, fiber length and fiber diameter at different tree height. The mean wood basic density had a general increase trend with increasing height of trees and the lowest was found at the base, while fiber length and fiber diameter had a general decline pattern with increasing height of trees and the biggest value was observed at the height of 5.6 m. Regression analysis indicated that the relationship between examined wood properties and growth ring number (cambial age), and the relationship between examined wood properties and tree height can be described by polynomial functions.     

Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss. trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length increased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.     

尾叶桉材性指标在株内、株间和无性系间的变异性研究

以8年生尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake)无性系林为试材,就材性指标在株内、株间和无性系之间变异进行了研究分析。结果表明:纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比、管孔弦向直径、纤维双壁厚度和纤维壁腔比在树干水平方向上的不同部位具有极显著性差异,呈由内向外逐渐增大的规律;微纤丝角度、单位面积管孔数和纤维腔径比在树于水平方向上的不同部位亦具有极显著性差异,但呈由内向外逐渐减小的规律;而木材胞壁率、木纤维比量、导管比量、射线比量、轴向薄壁组织比量和木纤维胞腔直径在树干水平方向上没有显著性变异;主要材性指标在同一无性系内的植株之间无显著性差异,但在无性系之间的差异均达到显著或极显著性水平。     

Wood properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pericopsis mooniana</Emphasis> grown in a plantation in Indonesia

The relationships between growth characteristics and wood properties were investigated for a threatened species, Pericopsis mooniana, to promote the establishment of plantations of this species in the tropics. Growth characteristics (diameter and height) and stress-wave velocity (SWV) of trees were measured for 22-year-old P. mooniana trees planted in Indonesia. The trees were categorized into three groups, fast-growing, middle-growing, and slow-growing trees, to investigate the effect of growth rate on the wood properties. In addition, radial variation of anatomical characteristics and wood properties were determined. No significant correlation was found between growth characteristics and SWV. The values for the vessel diameter, cell wall thickness of wood fibers, wood fiber length, basic density, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture from wood at the bark side were higher than those at the pith side. On the other hand, vessel frequency gradually decreased from pith to bark. These results suggested that low-quality wood, such as juvenile wood, existed near the pith area.     

Stem deformation in young plantations of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in the boreal forest of Quebec,Canada

Stem deformation has often been observed in young black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations. Whenever important stem deformations are observed at the time of harvesting, timber value is negatively affected especially during the wood transformation process. The present work was undertaken to quantify and qualify the importance of stem deformation of black spruce and jack pine in the boreal forest of central Quebec at the stand and tree levels. In 30 black spruce and jack pine plantations, approximately 22% of spruce trees and 27% of pine trees exhibited stem deformation. The proportion of deformed trees was higher in the youngest plantations and decreased with the age of the plantations. Stem deformation caused the formation of compression wood which is another factor that can reduce the value of wood products. Thirty-nine black spruces and 34 jack pines were analysed at the tree level. On average, compression wood represented 14% and 20% of stem volume in 7- and 10-year old black spruce plantations, respectively. These proportions ranged from 18% in the youngest jack pine plantation to 26% in the oldest one. Stems of both species classified as normal contained a lower volume of compression wood than stems classified as deformed or very deformed. Annual percentages of compression wood and annual shoot length increased significantly with tree age (p < 0.0001 for both variables). Statistically significant correlations were also found between the range of displacement of the stem and the percentage of compression wood. The fewer number of trees with deformed stems in older plantations combined with high compression wood formation suggests that, over time, a deformed tree can become normal and straight in appearance.     

Possibility of improvement in fundamental properties of wood of acacia hybrids by artificial hybridization

Growth, specific gravity, and wood fiber length of Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, artificial acacia hybrid clones, and combinations, which were planted in a trial forest in Bavi, Vietnam, in July 2001, were examined. The radial variations from pith to bark were investigated to clarify the effect of genetic factors on these traits. Superiority of hybrids over their parents ranged from 36.3% to 41.6% for diameter, from 20.0% to 25.3% for height, from 6.9% to 20.7% for specific gravity, and from 6.1% to 12.8% for wood fiber length. The hybrid possessed heterosis in diameter, height, specific gravity, and wood fiber length regardless of whether the female parent was A. mangium or A. auriculiformis. The profiles of wood fiber length and specific gravity in the radial direction were similar for all the trees investigated. Wood fiber length was initially 0.5–0.6 mm near the pith and then increased slowly, finally reaching 1.0–1.2 mm near the bark. The specific gravity of acacia increased from 0.49–0.58 near the pith to 0.63–0.74 near the bark. From a relative distance of 30% from the pith, the specific gravity increased slightly and seemed to be stable. The relations among tree diameter, specific gravity, and wood fiber length were fair and could be represented by positive linear regression formulas. Hybrids for which A. auriculiformis was the female parent and A. mangium was the male parent had a faster growth rate and longer wood fibers than the inverse hybrids. Part of this report was presented at the 6th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Kyoto, Japan, December 2005     

Improvement of fermentable sugar yields of mangium through transgenic overexpression of xyloglucanase

Recalcitrance to saccharifi cation is a major limiting factor of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Levels of wood saccharification and subsequent ethanol production were higher in transgenic mangium (Acacia mangium) trees overexpressing xyloglucanase than in wild-type plants, even after delignification of the wood. We propose that a decrease in the quantity of xyloglucan that is intercalated into cellulose microfibrils could facilitate the process of saccharification.