猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗免疫效力评价及临床免疫试验

为制定猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗效力检验的标准,用3批猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗进行接种猪与接种豚鼠的平行试验;同时进行临床免疫试验。3批疫苗接种豚鼠和猪后定期进行PPVHI抗体检测;猪于免疫后攻毒,并进行病毒分离。免疫母猪在怀孕早期进行强毒攻击,40d扑杀进行病毒分离。用3批疫苗免疫后备母猪统计产仔成绩。结果显示,豚鼠接种后21d、猪接种后7d全部产生抗体反应。免疫攻毒的猪均未从血浆和内脏中分离到病毒,而从对照猪分离到病毒;怀孕母猪强毒攻击后扑杀,胎儿病毒分离均为阴性,而对照猪胎儿病毒分离为阳性;统计数据表明免疫猪的产仔成绩比未免疫猪高,平均每窝多产活仔1.85头,少产死胎木乃伊胎0.65头。结果表明,当免疫豚鼠PPV HI≥64时,免疫猪能抵抗PPV强毒攻击,两者呈正相关;免疫母猪的攻毒试验表明免疫母猪能抵抗PPV经胎盘感染;临床免疫试验证明疫苗具有良好的免疫原性和安全性。     

猪细小病毒自然弱毒N株遗传稳定性研究

本研究将PPV-N株通过敏感猪三代、猪肾传代细胞25代,测定该毒株对敏感猪的致病性,结果表明将PPV-N株连续分别通过PPV HI抗体阴性的4月龄小猪、后备母猪、怀孕母猪三代,均未从试验猪检出病毒血症和分离到病毒,且母猪产仔正常。在IBRS-2细胞中连续传代,随着传代次数的增加其细胞病变未见异常,毒价稳定在103.5TCID50/mL。将第1、5、10、15、20、25代病毒培养物接种PPV HI抗体阴性怀孕母猪,未从母猪测出病毒血症和检出病毒,所产仔猪PPV HI抗体阴性,未从弱仔猪脏器分离到病毒,说明该毒株毒力不返强,具有良好的遗传稳定性。这为该弱毒株成为一株良好的自然弱毒疫苗株提供了依据。     

一起猪细小病毒病的诊治报告

猪细小病毒(PPV)可引起猪的繁殖障碍,主要表现为胎儿和胚胎的感染和死亡,而母体通常并不表现临床症状。血清学阴性母猪主要在妊娠的前半期经口鼻感染病毒,从而导致发病。母猪妊娠期的前半期感染PPV可引起胚胎或胎儿死亡,分别表现为胎儿被吸收和胎儿木乃伊化;在妊娠中期感染PPV,病毒可穿过胎盘,但胎儿在子宫内生存完好,通常没有明显的临床影响。经检查得知在世界各地的猪群     

猪的细小病毒和细小病毒感染

猪细小病毒(PPV)是引起妊娠母猪繁殖障碍的主要病原体之一,在世界商业猪群中广泛传播。受感染的母猪特别是初产母猪往往产出死胎,畸形胎儿和木乃伊胎儿。有时也可导致公、母猪不育。     

猪细小病毒检测技术研究进展

猪细小病毒病是由猪细小病毒(Porcine Parvovirus,PPV)感染引起以母猪繁殖障碍为主要特征的病毒性传染病,母猪妊娠前期感染该病毒后,经胎盘使胚胎或胎儿受到侵袭,引起母猪流产、胚胎死亡、胎儿畸形、胎儿木乃伊化及不孕等[1].     

猪细小病毒病灭活疫苗的安全性和抗体消长规律的研究

正猪细小病毒病是由细小病毒科猪细小病毒(PPV)感染猪引起的胚胎感染及死亡,而母猪并不表现明显症状的猪繁殖障碍性疾病。妊娠前期的母猪易感染,主要引起母猪流产、胎儿死亡、胎儿畸形、木乃伊胎、弱胎及不孕等,同时还可引起仔猪发生皮炎和腹泻,与猪圆环病毒协同感染是导致断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症的主要原因之一。本病目前已广泛分布于世界各地,并呈现出与猪蓝耳病毒、圆环病毒感染、猪伪狂犬病毒以及猪瘟     

猪细小病毒N株的生物学和免疫学特性研究

猪细小病毒N株是从广西初产母猪所产死胎脏器分离的自然弱毒株。用这个毒株接种PPV HI抗体阴性的四月龄小猪和怀孕14～23天的后备母猪进行安全性试验,结果无任何异常临床症状、病毒血症和同居感染,母猪分娩正常,初生仔猪在吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。该毒株免疫的小猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪,完全能抵抗猪细小病毒强毒攻击,攻毒后49天剖杀母猪,结果胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,取胎儿脏器未分离出病毒,分娩母猪产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,产下不同组合异常仔,并从死胎儿脏器分离出病毒,健活仔猪吃初乳前能测出HI抗体。从而证明用N株作为弱毒苗能防止由猪细小病毒引起的繁殖障碍性疾病。     

猪乙型脑炎病毒灭活疫苗(A6株)的制备及免疫保护研究

为了制备猪乙型脑炎病毒(A6株)灭活疫苗,并研究其免疫保护效果,试验将猪乙型脑炎病毒(A6株)在Vero细胞上培养增殖,用β-丙内酯灭活,将检验合格的抗原与206疫苗佐剂乳化制备成猪乙型脑炎病毒灭活疫苗(A6株)。将制备的猪乙型脑炎病毒灭活疫苗(A6株)用PBS稀释成1∶5、1∶50、1∶500 3个稀释度免疫小鼠后攻毒,后备母猪肌肉注射猪乙型脑炎病毒灭活疫苗(A6株)后间隔14 d后加强免疫1次,对免疫后备母猪及所产仔猪的中和抗体效价进行测定。同时,进行后备母猪免疫攻毒试验,分为疫苗免疫组和攻毒对照组,母猪妊娠30 d后用猪乙型脑炎病毒(A6株)进行攻毒,攻毒后记录各组母猪临床症状及所产仔猪的健康状况,发病仔猪剖检,观察病变。结果表明：猪乙型脑炎病毒灭活疫苗(A6株)1∶50倍稀释免疫小鼠进行攻毒,保护率可达到80%。后备母猪间隔14 d免疫两次可以产生高水平的中和抗体,而且所产仔猪的中和抗体效价可以维持到30日龄。对妊娠30 d母猪进行攻毒,疫苗免疫组妊娠母猪均正常产仔,仔猪全部健活,全部保护;攻毒对照组妊娠母猪发生流产,产出死胎、木乃伊胎和弱胎,全部发病。发病胎儿剖检,可见脑积水...     

对弱毒疫苗(MLV)预防猪细小病毒引起的猪繁殖障碍病的评价

由猪细小病毒(PPV)引起的猪繁殖障碍病是以胚胎期感染、死胎和胎儿的本乃伊而母猪又缺乏症候为其特征。最近的研究表明,灭活疫苗对于预防本病无效,而弱毒疫苗较灭活苗能产生更为持久的免疫性。作者将10头小母猪分成二组,每组五头,一组用MLV疫苗,该疫苗的毒株(NADL—2)是从猪白细胞与猪胎细胞联合培养分离所得,然后猪胎肾细胞传30代以上,又在猪睾丸传代细胞连续传至54代,用免疫荧光技术检查其感染滴度。当半数病毒培养感染     

猪细小病毒自然弱毒N株的免疫原性研究

用PPV-N株接种抗体阴性后备母猪,5天产生HI抗体,7天达到保护性水平(＞1∶256),14天达高峰.用该毒株对4月龄猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪进行免疫原性试验,结果攻毒后5、7、9天未检测到病毒血症和未分离到病毒.攻毒后第40天剖杀2头怀孕母猪,见胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,从胎儿脏器未分离出病毒.自然分娩的母猪,产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性,而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,并产下不同组合异常仔,从死胎儿脏器分离到病毒,活仔HI抗体阳性.试验还表明豚鼠对PPV-N株的抗体应答和猪的相似,可作为PPV弱毒株免疫抗体应答检测的实验动物.本研究结果证明,PPV自然弱毒N株具有良好的免疫原性.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein