丝状支原体丝状亚种SC型中国分离株LppB基因的克隆与序列分析

牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP）是OIE公布的一类烈性传染病，死亡率在30％-80％之间。在19世纪，CBPP在世界很多地区呈地方流行，非洲至今仍地方流行。在20世纪上半叶，北美、澳大利亚、欧洲宣布消灭了CBPP，但近20年间南部欧洲重新发现CBPP流行。根据流行病学和临床观察，在欧洲暴发的CBPP的致死率要比发生在非洲的CBPP低。     

牛传染性胸膜肺炎研究进展

牛传染性胸膜肺炎是由丝状支原体亚种引起的严重牛科动物传染性疾病，是WOAH规定必须报道的重要传染病之一，属我国一类动物疫病。该病于20世纪初传入我国并在我国多个地区暴发流行，导致大量牛只死亡，相关产品的出口贸易受到严重影响，经济损失惨重。1996年我国宣布消灭该疾病，但直至2011年才获WOAH认可为无CBPP国家。目前该病在非洲、拉丁美洲等地区频发，严重影响当地农牧业发展，造成巨大经济损失；近年来该病在我国周边国家仍有报道，具有再次传入我国的风险。我国对牛传染性胸膜肺炎的研究分析工作与国外相比较晚、较少，该文结合国内外的研究进展，从牛传染性胸膜肺炎的病原学特征、流行病学特点、致病机制、临床特征、检测与诊断等方面进行系统阐述，并结合疫病发病机理和流行特点提出了防控建议，以期为我国牛传染性胸膜肺炎的深入研究、监测防控及预警提供参考。     

我国部分省区牛传染性胸膜肺炎流行病学调查

牛传染性胸膜肺炎（Contagious bovine pleuroopneumonia CBPP）又名“牛肺疫”是由丝状支原体丝状亚种SC生物型（Mycoplas mamycoides subsp．Mycoides SC MmmSC）引起的一种亚急性或慢性、接触性传染病，其特征为纤维素性肺炎和浆液性纤维素性胸膜炎，被世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列为A类传染病。该病在20世纪20年代传入我国，流行历史较久，分布甚广，危害严重。     

中西结合治疗牛传染性胸膜肺炎

<正>牛传染性胸膜肺炎又称牛肺疫,是由丝状霉形体(丝状支原体亚种)引起的一种高度接触性传染病,病原体多存在于病牛之肺组织、胸腔渗出液和气管分泌物中,由呼吸道排出,也可从粪便和乳汁中排出。因病牛与健康牛接触而感染。以肺小叶间淋巴管浆液性渗出炎和浆液纤维素性胸膜炎为特征。耐过者发育缓慢或停滞。1流行病学牛传染性胸膜肺炎主要通过呼吸道感染,也可经消化道或生殖道感染。本病多呈散发性流行,常     

牛支原体病的流行特点与防控措施

支原体是一类在自然界广泛存在、能在无活细胞培养基中繁殖、无细胞壁、高度多形性的最小微生物,据报道己分离鉴定的牛的支原体约有30种,但最为严重的有两种,一种是丝状支原体丝状亚种小菌落型,导致牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP),另一种是牛支原体,导致牛支原体肺炎,二者属于支原体属不同种。     

牛传染性胸膜肺炎研究进展

<正>牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP)又称牛肺疫,是一种由丝状支原体丝状亚种小菌落生物型(Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.Mycoides Small-colony type,SC型)引起的牛传染病,发病率高、死亡率中度,病程为亚急性或慢性,其病理特征表现为纤维素性肺炎和胸膜炎症状。     

牛传染性胸膜肺炎的研究进展

牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP)由霉形体引起,以肺小叶淋巴结缔组织和肺泡组织发生浆液纤维素性炎症和发生浆液纤维素性胸膜炎为特征.由于其引起的经济损失非常重大,国际兽疫局(OIE)将其定为A类疾病.该病目前在非洲的撒哈拉地区许多国家流行,在乌干达、肯尼亚等70年代已消灭了此病的国家又重新出现,对其他国家构成严重威胁.     

牛支原体病的流行特点与防控措施

支原体是一类在自然界广泛存在、能在无活细胞培养基中繁殖、无细胞壁、高度多形性的最小微生物，据报道己分离鉴定的牛的支原体约有30种，但最为严重的有两种，一种是丝状支原体丝状亚种小菌落型，导致牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP），另一种是牛支原体，导致牛支原体肺炎，二者属于支原体属不同种。     

我国被世卫认可为无牛传染性胸膜肺炎国家

<正>世界动物卫生组织(OIE)第79届年会通过决议,认可中国为无牛传染性胸膜肺炎(简称"牛肺疫")国家。据中国驻OIE代表、农业部兽医局局长张仲秋介绍,牛肺疫是由丝状霉形体引起的一种烈性接触性传染病,对养牛业危害严重,目前在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲部分国家和地区仍有流行。OIE将牛肺疫列为4种国际认证疫病之一。20世纪30~40年代,牛肺疫曾在我国西北、东北、内蒙古和西藏部分地区大范围流行。1949年以后,我国在全国范围内启动了牛肺疫消灭工作,通过采取免疫、隔离、扑杀等综合性防控措施,有效地控制了牛     

牛传染性胸膜肺炎的诊断及防控

丝状支原体丝状亚种是牛传染性胸膜肺炎的病原。牛传染性胸膜肺炎是牛的一种致死性疾病,该病原主要侵害患病牛的胸膜和肺部,因此而得名。感染丝状支原体丝状亚种的患病牛只在临床中主要症状为出现毒血症和纤维素性胸膜肺炎。本文对牛传染性胸膜肺炎的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、防控措施进行了阐述,望对相关工作者带来帮助,降低此病的发生,促进养牛业发展。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …