上海城区宠物犬犬流感的血清学调查

为了解上海城区宠物犬犬流感的感染情况,作者于2013年4月至2013年9月收集了上海城区20家宠物医院就诊犬共460份血清样本,通过ELISA方法检测对犬流感进行了血清学调查。结果表明:460份血清样品中抗体阳性率为14.57%,母犬犬流感血清抗体阳性率略高于公犬。     

宠物犬皮肤病流行病学调查

为探究宠物犬皮肤病感染情况及流行特点,对宠物犬皮肤病的防治提供借鉴,以2020年6月至2021年6月某宠物医院接诊的189例宠物犬皮肤病病例为研究对象,按疾病的种类、发病季节、犬的年龄、品种以及发生部位进行流行病学调查。结果表明,宠物犬皮肤病发病率为11.10%;以寄生虫感染为主要感染类型(37.04%);多发生在7—9月(59.26%);0～1岁幼犬的皮肤病发病率最高(34.92%);泰迪犬最易感(21.16%);耳部为易发部位(21.69%)。     

湖南省长沙市宠物医院犬弓形虫病血清学调查

为了解湖南省长沙市宠物犬弓形虫感染状况,2017—2018年对长沙市宠物监测点的犬只抽样,采用间接酶联免疫方法进行弓形虫抗体检测。2017年共抽检血清707份,发现抗体阳性率为9.34%;2018年抽检血清711份,发现抗体阳性率为8.02%,较2017年稍微下降。从不同地区比较,天心区弓形虫感染率较高,均在13%以上;芙蓉区、岳麓区阳性率出现下降趋势,其中芙蓉区下降最快,从9.88%下降到4.79%,岳麓区从10.20%下降到6.98%;其他两区阳性率维持在7%～9%之间,相对平衡。对不同犬种、性别、年龄及季节进行比较分析发现,不同品种犬的弓形虫感染情况有差异,萨摩、中华田园、雪纳瑞、博美、柯基等犬种的阳性率相对偏高,在10%以上;犬弓形虫感染与性别关联性不大,差异不显著(P=0.086, 0.05);1岁以上犬的阳性率明显高于1岁以下犬,差异显著(P=0.012,0.05);不同季节犬只的弓形虫抗体阳性率差异显著(P=0,0.05)。调查表明:长沙市城区存在一定的犬弓形虫流行,整体呈下降趋势;犬弓形虫感染与年龄、季节相关,年龄越大阳性率越高,冬季更易感染。建议加强犬类管理,向饲养者普及相关饲养及弓形虫病预防知识,尤其是弓形虫感染严重地区;定期做好弓形虫检查和驱虫工作,重点关注感染率较高的犬种和1岁以上犬,尤其是冬季。本研究初步摸清了长沙市城区宠物犬弓形虫的感染程度及分布特点,为今后弓形虫病防控提供了数据支撑。     

昆明地区犬戊型肝炎流行的血清学检测分析

为了解昆明地区犬戊型肝炎（HE）的流行情况,从昆明城区随机采集犬血清样本90份,采用双抗原夹心ELISA方法对上述血清样本进行HEV抗体的检测。结果显示,昆明地区犬HEV感染的平均阳性率为17．78％,其中城市流浪犬HEV的感染率为39．13％,比主城区家庭散养犬和养殖场犬感染率分别高出28．42％和30．04％。不同品种和不同年龄间犬HEV抗体阳性率差异显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明：HEV感染与犬的生活环境有关,卫生条件好、生物安全措施得当的犬感染率较低,不同品种的犬对HEV均易感,且HEV抗体阳性率与犬年龄有关,幼龄犬感染率相对较低。     

锦州地区犬流感的血清学调查

为了解辽宁省锦州地区犬流感的感染情况,于2010年9月至2011年5月收集了锦州地区10家宠物医院就诊犬、农家犬、流浪犬共158份血清样本,通过血凝抑制(HI)试验对犬流感进行了血清学调查。结果表明:158份血清样品中抗体阳性率为15.2%,其中H5抗体阳性率为3.2%,H3亚型抗体阳性率为10.8%,H9抗体阳性率为1.3%;调查结果同时表明,母犬犬流感血清抗体阳性率略高于公犬,流浪犬的HI抗体阳性率明显高于宠物犬和农家犬。     

一例杂交犬细小病毒感染的诊治

犬细小病毒（CPV）感染是一种由犬细小病毒引起的对犬具有高度接触性传染的烈性传染病。临床上多以出血性肠炎或非化脓性心肌炎为其主要特征。CPV主要感染犬,各种年龄、性别和品种的犬均易感,有时其感染率可高达100％,致死率为10％～50％,但小犬的易感性高,断乳前后的子犬易感性最高,其发病率和死亡率都高于其他年龄组,     

北京地区腹泻犬细小病毒感染情况调查

在校动物医院用试剂盒对１３６例门诊腹泻犬粪便进行犬细小病毒（ＣＰＶ）检验，其中阳性７２例（阳性率５２．９％）。阳性病例中，公犬占５２．４％，母犬占５１．６％，因此ＣＰＶ感染与犬性别无关。ＣＰＶ阳性率，以２～４月龄大为最高（６０．３％），５～６月龄次之（１７．６％）。７月龄以后较少。未注射或未按程序注射ＣＰＶ疫苗犬，ＣＰＶ检验阳性率高，即使按程序接种ＣＰＶ疫苗的犬，也仍有感染ＣＰＶ的，其原因有待研究．     

北京地区家养犬隐孢子虫感染情况的调查

为探索适用于宠物临床检测隐孢子虫的方法,并了解北京地区宠物犬隐孢子虫感染情况,于2015年1月-2015年12月,在中国农业大学教学动物医院收集来自北京各个地区的家养犬粪便共104例,分别采用改良抗酸染色法、饱和蔗糖漂浮法以及套式PCR扩增隐孢子虫SSU rRNA基因进行隐孢子虫检测。结果显示,PCR方法适用于临床犬粪便中隐孢子虫的检测,而形态学方法仅能检测出纯化后卵囊。北京地区家养犬隐孢子虫感染率为3.85%(4/104),虫种均为犬隐孢子虫(C.canis)。对不同年龄段的犬隐孢子虫感染率进行统计分析后发现,不同年龄段的家养犬隐孢子虫感染率差异显著(P0.05),6月龄以下幼犬易感,不同性别、居住地区的家养犬隐孢子虫阳性率无显著差异(P0.05)。     

华南军警犬结核病调查

采用结核菌素皮内变压反应试验，对广东、广西、两省（区）的军（警）犬进行了结核病调查。共检测９０只军（警）犬，其中广东５１只，广西３９只，共同结核病阳性８例，总阳性率为８．８９％；广东检出５例，阳性率为９．８０％；广西检出３例，阳性率为７．６９％     

2006--2012年广西鸡沙门氏菌感染情况调查

运用分子生物学、血清学以及病原分离鉴定等多种方法，对2006～2012年广西规模养殖场、农村散养鸡以及活禽市场鸡血清和组织样本进行鸡白痢-伤寒沙门氏菌抗体和沙门氏菌病原检测和鉴定。结果发现，血清样本中规模场鸡白痢伤寒抗体阳性率较低，平均为2．16％，其中种公鸡的阳性率平均为1．55％，核心群母鸡阳性率平均为1．66％，生产群母鸡阳性率平均为4．16％；但广西农村散养鸡和活禽市场鸡白痢-伤寒沙门氏菌的污染情况不容乐观，其中农村散养鸡白痢-伤寒沙门氏菌阳性率为21．78％～24％，平均为22．52％（320/1421），活禽市场鸡阳性率为20．81％～33．2％，平均达到27．51％（2800/10177）；发病鸡的组织样品沙门氏菌平均阳性率为4．9％（29/592），阳性株以伤寒沙门氏菌为主，共13株占44．83％（13/29），其次为亚利桑那沙门氏菌8株，占27．59％（8/29），第三种是沙门氏菌的某些亚种（无法定型），最少为猪霍乱沙门氏菌2株，占6．9％（2/29）。     

Genotype identification and prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in pet dogs of Guangzhou, Southern China

Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated parasite and is considered one of the most common causes of protozoal diarrhea in both humans and animals worldwide. This paper represents the first study of the prevalence of G. duodenalis in pet dogs in Guangzhou, China. Faecal samples (209 specimens) were obtained from young (<6 months old), adult (6 months to 3 years) and elder dogs (>3 years old). 8.61% (18/209) faecal samples were recorded positive using microscopy examination, and 11.00% (23/209) using PCR. The prevalence was significantly higher in diarrheic dogs (26.31%) compared with non-diarrheic dogs (5.10%), while it was higher in young (25.58%) than both adult (7.37%) and elder (7.04%) dogs and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence in male dogs 11.30% (13/115) was higher than females 10.87% (10/92), and in suburban dogs (12.15%) higher than urban 9.80%, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Sequence analysis of the 23 PCR-positive samples revealed the presence of Assemblage D (18/23), and zoonotic Assemblage A (5/23). The present investigation reported a high infection rate of G. duodenalis in pet dogs, especially in young dogs. Genotypic characterization demonstrated that the zoonotic Assemblage A was found, a fact that poses a potential risk of G. duodenalis transmission from pet dogs to humans. It is suggested that pet owners should take appropriate hygiene measures to prevent and control giardiasis in this region.     

A serological survey of canine H3N2, pandemic H1N1/09 and human seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses in dogs in China

Influenza viruses have been isolated from dogs in China; however, the extent of influenza infection among dogs is not yet clear. Here, we examined the seroprevalence of avian-origin canine H3N2, pandemic H1N1/09 and human seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses in pet dogs in China during January 2012 to June 2013. The seropositivity rate of canine H3N2, H1N1/09 and human H3N2 were 3.5%, 1.5%, and 1.2%, respectively. Dogs aged 2–5 years were most commonly seropositive to canine H3N2 virus. It is worth noting that two serum samples were positive against both canine H3N2 and H1N1/09 viruses, suggesting the possibility of coinfection with both viruses. Our findings emphasize the necessity for continued surveillance of influenza viruses in dogs in China.     

中国畜牧兽医2013年第40卷第2期犬流感(H3N2亚型)血清学调查

为了解广东地区犬流感(CI)流行情况,以期为犬流感的预防提供参考依据,本研究采用ELSIA方法及血凝抑制试验(HI),对广东省内6地市的1440份犬血清样品进行抗体检测。结果显示,1440份犬血清中犬流感抗体平均阳性率为7.92%(ELISA)和6.25%(HI)。其中广州、深圳和惠州地区的犬流感抗体阳性率较高。1～3岁犬的犬流感抗体阳性率高于其他年龄段犬,雄性犬犬流感抗体阳性率高于雌性。结果表明,H3N2亚型犬流感病毒在广东局部地区流行。鉴于当前在部分地区CIV阳性率较高,结合CIV在犬群中迅速传播的流行特点,要避免CIV暴发流行及对人类的健康造成威胁,对于CIV的防制应结合当地实际情况,制定切实有效的防制措施。     

成都地区宠物犬感染犬瘟热病毒和犬呼吸道冠状病毒的分子流行病学调查

为了解成都地区宠物犬犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）和犬呼吸道冠状病毒（canine respiratory coronavirus,CRCoV）的感染情况,本试验应用RT-PCR对采自成都地区8家动物医院共计420份出现呼吸道症状的宠物犬鼻腔棉拭子样本进行分子检测。结果发现,从420份样本中,检出213份CDV阳性,检出率为50.71%;检出247份CRCoV阳性,检出率为58.81%;CDV和CRCoV混合感染的检出率为41.19%。表明成都地区宠物犬感染CDV和CRCoV较为严重,且二者混合感染率较高。宠物犬CDV和CRCoV的检出率与年龄、性别、品种、季节和免疫状况等因素的关系存在不同程度的差异。其中,1~3月龄幼犬检出率最高,分别为74.40%和79.20%;纯种犬的检出率较其他犬种高,分别为59.37%和62.22%;春季CDV的检出率较高,为56.19%,而冬季CRCoV的检出率较高,为67.59%;未免疫犬的检出率较高,分别为64.42%和63.46%。该研究丰富了成都地区宠物犬CDV和CRCoV的流行病学资料,为该地区宠物犬CDV和CRCoV的诊断及防控提供了基本数据。     

广西部分地区鸭圆环病毒感染情况调查

为了解广西鸭圆环病毒(duck circovirus,DuCV)感染情况,根据已发表的鸭圆环病毒序列合成了1对PCR引物,利用该引物对采集于百色、柳州和桂林3个市的321份鸭组织样品进行了检测。结果表明,58份样品能扩增出228 bp的特异条带,总阳性率为18.07%;且3个市均能检出阳性样品,阳性率分别为18%（54/300）、5.6％（1/18）和100％（3/3）。结果证实,广西百色、柳州、桂林地区的鸭群中不同程度地存在鸭圆环病毒感染现象。     

2013年-2015年西安宠物门诊家养猫泛白细胞减少症病例调查

猫泛白细胞减少症(FP)是由猫泛白细胞减少症病毒(FPV)引起的猫科动物的急性高度接触性传染病,临床上常以发热、呕吐、腹泻、脱水、肠炎以及白细胞极度减少为主要特征.本病传播速度快,对猫科动物危害极大.近年来,西安地区家养猫数量不断增加,患FP的病例也随之增多.为了解西安地区家养猫FPV感染和发病情况,为本病的防控提供基础资料,2013年7月~2015年7月,用猫泛白细胞减少症病毒检测试剂盒,对西安市部分宠物(动物)医院接诊的疑似FP病猫的467份粪便进行FPV检测,共检出阳性样品71份,占15.2%(71/467),其中2013年5份,2014年57份,2015年9份;阳性患猫中未免疫接种FPV疫苗的有70份,占98.6%(70/71).确诊病例中47.9%(34/71)临床出现呕吐症状,71.8%(51/71)出现腹泻症状.血液分析发现,84.51%的FPV感染猫的白细胞低于正常值;对71个患猫进行对症和支持治疗后存活率为83.1%(59/71).     

Serosurvey for canine distemper virus exposure in dogs in communal lands in Zimbabwe

Sera from 173 apparently healthy, unvaccinated dogs from 4 widely separated communal lands in Zimbabwe were tested by ELISA for antibodies against canine distemper virus. Overall, 82% were positive with high prevalences found in each communal land. The highest seroprevalence was in dogs between 1 and 2 years of age (91%; 49/54). These results show dogs in the communal lands of Zimbabwe are commonly exposed to canine distemper virus and that a substantial number survive infection. The role that the virus might play in the high mortality rate of the dog population on communal land warrants further investigation.     

Concurrent 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Ferrets and in a Community in Pennsylvania

We report a fall 2010 cluster of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) infections in pet ferrets in Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania. The ferrets were associated with one pet shop. The influenza cluster occurred during a period when the existing human surveillance systems had identified little to no pH1N1 in humans in the Lehigh Valley, and there were no routine influenza surveillance systems for exotic pets. The index case was a 2.5‐month‐old neutered male ferret that was presented to a veterinary clinic with severe influenza‐like illness (ILI). In response to laboratory notification of a positive influenza test result, and upon request from the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH), the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) conducted an investigation to identify other ill ferrets and to identify the source and extent of infection. PDA notified the PADOH of the pH1N1 infection in the ferrets, leading to enhanced human surveillance and the detection of pH1N1 human infections in the surrounding community. Five additional ferrets with ILI linked to the pet shop were identified. This simultaneous outbreak of ferret and human pH1N1 demonstrates the important link between animal health and public health and highlights the potential use of veterinary clinics for sentinel surveillance of diseases shared between animals and humans.     

广西玉林市规模化禽场禽流感病毒检测

为了解广西玉林市2020年规模禽场禽流感病毒感染状况,采用荧光RT-PCR方法,对广西玉林市7个县(市、区)42个规模化禽场采集的1260份禽喉/泄殖腔棉拭子样品进行了通用型禽流感病毒核酸检测(荧光PCR),并对检测为阳性的样本进行H5、H7亚型(双重荧光PCR)和H9亚型(荧光PCR)分型鉴定.结果显示:在42个规模...     

H3N2 canine influenza virus causes severe morbidity in dogs with induction of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis

Dogs are companion animals that live in close proximity with humans. Canine H3N2 influenza virus has been isolated from pet dogs that showed severe respiratory signs and other clinical symptoms such as fever, reduced body weight, and interstitial pneumonia. The canine H3N2 influenza virus can be highly transmissible among dogs via aerosols. When we analyzed global gene expression in the lungs of infected dogs, the genes associated with the immune response and cell death were greatly elevated. Taken together, our results suggest that canine H3N2 influenza virus can be easily transmitted among dogs, and that severe pneumonia in the infected dogs may be partially due to the elevated expression of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis.