山豆根多糖对猪圆环病毒2型感染小鼠体内外炎性因子分泌水平的影响

旨在探究山豆根多糖对猪圆环病毒2型（porcine circovirus 2,PCV2）感染小鼠体内外炎性因子分泌水平的影响。通过PCV2感染小鼠脾淋巴细胞建立体外炎症模型,用不同浓度（100、200、400 μg/mL）的山豆根多糖作用细胞,采用ELISA法测定细胞分泌IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1水平和细胞内COX-1活性;利用PCV2体内感染昆明种小鼠建立氧化胁迫模型后,腹腔注射低、中、高浓度[100、200、400 mg/（kg·BW）]的山豆根多糖,应用ELISA法测定小鼠脾脏、肺脏组织和血清中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1分泌水平和COX-1活性。结果显示,与PCV2感染模型细胞相比,经不同浓度山豆根多糖处理的小鼠脾淋巴细胞中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1水平和细胞内COX-1活性均不同程度降低,其中,400 μg/mL的山豆根多糖作用最佳（P<0.01）;利用不同浓度的山豆根多糖腹腔注射PCV2感染小鼠后,均能抑制PCV2感染小鼠的脾脏、肺脏组织和血清中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-8、MCP-1分泌水平和COX-1的活性,其中,高浓度[400 mg/（kg·BW）]的山豆根多糖作用最佳（P<0.01）。综上提示,山豆根多糖能够抑制PCV2感染小鼠炎性因子分泌,从而发挥抗炎作用。     

天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节的初步研究

为研究天门冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,选取体重为18~22g的昆明小鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别设立生理盐水对照组、阳性对照组[腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺]以及4组供试药物组[每组供试药物组的小鼠在腹腔注射150mg/(kg·BW)环磷酰胺后,分别注射100、200、300、400mg/(kg·BW)的天门冬多糖溶液],连续处理7d后,检测小鼠血浆中的细胞因子(IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ)的含量,并计算小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数,观察小鼠脾脏和胸腺的组织学变化。结果显示,与生理盐水对照组、环磷酰胺对照组比较,100mg/(kg·BW)和200mg/(kg·BW)天门冬多糖试验组小鼠的血浆中IL-2和IL-6细胞因子水平明显升高;200mg/(kg·BW)和300mg/(kg·BW)供试药物组小鼠的血浆中IFN-γ的水平显著升高;天门冬多糖试验组的小鼠脾脏指数显著提高。试验表明天门冬多糖具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

熟地黄多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用研究

【目的】研究熟地黄多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用,为熟地黄多糖用于临床治疗免疫低下疾病或开发相关保健食品提供科学依据。【方法】选用36只昆明系小鼠,随机分为6组：空白对照组、免疫抑制模型组、黄芪多糖组及熟地黄多糖低、中、高(分别灌胃熟地黄多糖50、100、200 mg/kg)剂量组(PRRPL、PRRPM、PRRPH),每组6只。除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠均腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺,建立免疫抑制模型。造模后各组小鼠分别灌胃相应药物,1次/d,连续15 d,测定小鼠体重、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、免疫器官系数、脾淋巴细胞增殖及细胞周期、血清细胞因子含量,观察脾脏和胸腺组织形态学、肠道派氏节数目等免疫指标。【结果】与空白对照组相比,模型组脾脏指数极显著升高(P<0.01),脾脏红髓、白髓界限不清,脾淋巴细胞数量减少;胸腺指数降低,皮质、髓质不清,结构破坏;脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力及血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)水平均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01);脾淋巴细胞滞留在G0/G1期。...     

太子参多糖注射液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

探讨太子参多糖注射液(RPPI)对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。将60只昆明小鼠随机分为6组,即正常组、环磷酰胺(CTX)模型组、黄芪多糖注射液阳性对照组(API,100 mg/kg)、RPPI低剂量组(50 mg/kg)、RPPI中剂量组(100 mg/kg、)、RPPI高剂量组(200 mg/kg)。API阳性对照组、RPPI组每天腹腔注射给药1次,连续10 d,正常组和CTX模型组每天腹腔注射生理盐水。于给药的8 d、9 d、10 d,除正常组腹腔注射生理盐水外,其余各组腹腔注射CTX(80 mg/kg)。每天记录小鼠体质量、采食量。末次给药24 h后,测定免疫器官指数、免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM和细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ的含量。结果显示,与CTX模型组相比,RPPI组小鼠的体质量、免疫器官指数有一定程度的升高(P0.05),免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM和细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ的含量显著升高(P0.05或P0.01)。说明太子参多糖注射液对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠有一定的保护作用。     

中药组方对腹腔注射大肠杆菌小鼠血清Th17、Treg型细胞因子的影响

为探讨中药组方对动物机体免疫调节的作用机理,试验研究了预防用中药组方对感染大肠杆菌小鼠血清中Th17及Treg型细胞因子的影响。选取6只健康小鼠为对照组(记为-72h)。另选取252只精神、体况接近的小鼠,按照性别、体质量分为6组:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为中药组方高、中、低剂量组,灌胃剂量(相当于生药含量,按0.1mL/10g灌胃)分别为20,10,5g/kg;Ⅳ组为药物对照组,按66mg/kg灌胃黄芪多糖;Ⅴ组为模型组及Ⅵ组为健康对照组灌胃同体积蒸馏水,均1次/d,连用3d。试验第4天,Ⅰ~Ⅴ组小鼠均腹腔注射1.7×108 CFU/mL大肠杆菌液(0.1 mL/只),Ⅵ组小鼠注射等量生理盐水。于感染后0,3,6,12,24,48,168h,每组分别选取6只小鼠处死获取全血及血清样本,用ELISA方法测量血清IL-17、IL-23、TGF-β、IL-10的含量,并计算IL-17/IL-10的比值。结果显示:用药后3d,中药组方组小鼠血清IL-17、IL-23,高剂量组的IL-10,中、低剂量组的IL-17/IL-10比值均显著高于模型组及对照组(P<0.05);在感染3h中药组方的IL-10均显著低于感染组(P<0.05),IL-17/IL-10比值均极显著高于感染组(P<0.01),高、中剂量组的IL-17均高于感染组(P>0.05),IL-23、TGF-β均低于模型组(P>0.05)。在试验期间,感染3h后中药组方组的IL-17、IL-23均低于黄芪多糖组,而TGF-β、IL-10和IL-17/IL-10比值部分高于黄芪多糖组。这表明预防用中药组方通过影响感染小鼠血清IL-17、IL-23、TGF-β、IL-10等细胞因子的分泌,调节Th17及Treg细胞亚群平衡,增强机体免疫力。     

枸杞多糖对免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-6、IL-10和IL-12/IL23 p40分泌水平的影响

通过研究枸杞多糖(LBP)对免疫抑制小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-6、IL-12/IL-23p40和IL-10分泌的影响,探讨LBP的免疫调节机制,为LBP的开发利用提供理论依据。60只ICR雌性小鼠,随机分为5组,对各组小鼠进行连续4d每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺(40mg/kg),间隔3d后,再连续4d每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺(40mg/kg);同时,用高(40mg/1kg)、中(20mg/1kg)、低剂量(10mg/1kg)的LBP给小鼠连续灌胃2周,阳性对照和阴性对照分别用LPS(1mg/kg)和PBS,连续2周。小鼠眼眶取血,分离血清,ELISA检测血清中IL-6、IL-12/IL-23p40和IL-10的分泌水平。结果显示,与阳性对照和阴性对照组相比,LBP能提高免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-6、IL-12/IL-23p40和IL-10的分泌水平,提示LBP能增强小鼠细胞免疫与体液免疫应答,为枸杞多糖作为免疫增强剂的开发应用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

金线莲多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠脾脏细胞因子及转录因子mRNA表达的影响

50只雄性昆明小鼠适应性饲养1周后随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、模型组及金线莲多糖(ARP)低、中、高剂量组,每组10只;第1~3天,除空白对照组注射生理盐水外,其他各组腹腔注射环磷酰胺(CTX)80mg/kg,连续3d;第4~10天,空白组和模型组灌服蒸馏水,其他组分别灌服100,200,400mg/kg的ARP。末次给药24h后,采集脾脏,qRT-PCR检测试验小鼠脾脏细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-6)及转录因子(T-bet、GATA-3)mRNA表达。结果显示:与空白对照组相比,模型组IL-2、GATA-3 mRNA表达量降低,IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ、T-bet mRNA表达量升高;与模型组相比,ARP高剂量组小鼠IL-4mRNA相对表达量降低(P<0.05),中、高剂量组IL-6、IFN-γmRNA相对表达量降低(P<0.05),ARP组T-bet的相对表达量降低(P<0.05),高剂量组GATA-3的相对表达量升高(P<0.05)。结果表明:ARP通过上调或下调小鼠脾脏细胞因子与转录因子的表达,调节免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。     

不同中药方剂对弓形虫感染小鼠脾细胞分泌 IL-2活性的影响

通过观察不同方剂对小鼠感染弓形虫后脾 IL-2含量的影响,确定对弓形虫病治疗效果最佳的复方中药。将昆明系小鼠随机分为中药复方方剂组（A、B、C 组）、复方 SMZ 组（D 组）、模型组（E 组）和对照组（F 组）。用 RH 株弓形虫速殖子腹腔感染小鼠,2 h 后灌胃给药,其中 A、B、C 3个组每只每次0．5 mL 自拟弓形虫汤剂;D 组每只每次0．5 mL 复方 SMZ 混悬液300 mg／（kg· d－1）,疗程15 d。采用双抗夹心ELISA 法,观察不同方剂对小鼠脾细胞 IL-2含量的影响,并对照不同方剂之间的差异,采用 F 检验和 q 检验进行统计分析。结果表明,A、B、C 组和 D 组 IL-2活性水平均随着时间延长而逐渐升高;A、C、D 组与 F组有显著性差异;B 组 IL-2水平活性保持了较高值,与 E 组差异极显著。说明3种自拟中药复方方剂均能显著提高弓形虫感染小鼠脾细胞 IL-2的含量,增强小鼠免疫功能,其中复方二提高最显著,对 IL-2活性影响最大。     

金丝桃苷对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及血清细胞因子的影响

观察金丝桃苷对小鼠免疫系统的作用,将Balb/c小鼠随机分成5组,空白对照组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射生理盐水)、免疫抑制组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺)、给药组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺,第1~7天每天以150/300mg/kg金丝桃苷水溶液灌胃)和阳性对照组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺,第1~7天每天以0.2mg/kg黄芪多糖水溶液灌胃)。用ELISA法测定小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群CD_3、CD_4、CD_8以及细胞因子IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,免疫抑制组的CD_3、CD_4、CD_8水平以及血清细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平显著降低(P0.05),IL-4、IL-6及IL-10水平显著升高(P0.05)。给予金丝桃苷后第8天,与免疫抑制组相比,CD_3、CD_4、CD_8水平以及血清细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平极显著升高(P0.01),IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平极显著降低(P0.01)。金丝桃苷能通过提高免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的CD_3、CD_4、CD_8水平以及细胞因子IFN-γ及TNF-α水平,降低IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平,来拮抗环磷酰胺所致的免疫机能抑制,提高机体免疫功能。     

桃金娘果多糖的制备及其免疫增强作用研究

制备桃金娘果多糖并对其单糖组成进行分析,探讨桃金娘果多糖对健康小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用水浴提取法制备桃金娘果多糖,衍生化高效液相色谱法分析单糖成分。选用健康昆明小鼠80只,随机分为空白组、黄芪多糖组(腹腔注射200μg/g·BW)、桃金娘果多糖低、中、高(分别腹腔注射50、100、200μg/g·BW)共5组。空白组每只小鼠腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水,1次/d,连续7 d。试验结束后,分别测定小鼠脏器指数(胸腺、脾脏)、血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、LZM、POD等免疫指标的含量。结果显示,桃金娘果多糖含量为65.83%,主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖组成。桃金娘果多糖会降低小鼠的胸腺指数,但能显著增强小鼠的脾脏指数;桃金娘果多糖可提高了IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ血清细胞因子的水平、POD活性和LZM含量。桃金娘果多糖对提高正常小鼠的脾脏指数及免疫调节功能具有较好效果,但浓度过高会引起小鼠胸腺萎缩,此研究结果为桃金娘的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。     

Comparison of Intra-articular and Epidural Morphine for Analgesia Following Stifle Arthrotomy in Dogs

We prospectively studied 18 dogs that presented for exploratory stifle arthrotomy, with or without meniscectomy, and lateral extracapsular stabilization as a result of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine, induced with thiopental, and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Preoperatively, dogs were assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 (n = 6) received intra-articular morphine (0.1 mg/kg diluted in 1 mL/10 kg body weight of saline) and epidural saline (1 mL/5 kg body weight saline plus the volume of saline representing 0.1 mg/kg of morphine). Group 2 (n = 6) received intra-articular saline (1 mL/10 kg body weight of saline plus the volume of saline representing 0.1 mg/kg of morphine) and epidural saline (1 mL/5 kg body weight saline plus the volume of saline representing 0.1 mg/kg of morphine). Group 3 (n = 6) received intra-articular saline (1 mL/10 kg body weight of saline plus the volume of saline representing 0.1 mg/kg of morphine) and epidural morphine (0.1 mg/kg of morphine diluted in 1 mL/5 kg body weight saline). The efficacy of each analgesia regimen was evaluated for 6 hours postoperatively with a pain score based on subjective and objective variables. Serum Cortisol and blood glucose concentrations were measured. Butorphanol was used to provide analgesia as needed based on a predetermined maximum pain score. Supplemental analgesics were required postoperatively every 2 to 3 hours for 6 hours in all dogs that did not initially receive analgesics (group 2). Pain scores were significantly lower in dogs administered morphine intra-articularly (group 1) and epidurally (group 3) at 30 minutes and 30, 120, and 360 minutes, respectively, compared with dogs that did not initially receive analgesics (group 2). One dog in group 1 and one dog in group 3 required supplemental analgesia with butorphanol. There was no difference between analgesia produced by intra-articular morphine compared with that of epidural morphine. Side effects after intra-articular or epidural morphine were not observed. Intra-articular administration of morphine can produce effective analgesia in dogs comparable with that produced by epidural administration of morphine.     

Therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate on experimental Babesia ovis infection of lambs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate (IMDP) against babesiosis and to determine specific antibodies against Babesia ovis in experimentally infected lambs. Thirty-six 6-month-old splenectomized lambs were used. The lambs were randomly divided into six groups with six animals each, and were intravenously inoculated with 50 mL B. ovis-infected erythrocytes as follows: group I (therapy group) was treated with IMDP (1.2 mg/kg body weight) starting on the day of onset of clinical signs of babesiosis after the inoculation; group II (untreated control animals) was not treated with any therapeutic treatment after the inoculation; groups III, IV, V and VI (prophylaxis groups) were administered IMDP (2.4 mg/kg body weight) 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks before the inoculation, respectively. The animals were housed in a tick-proof room with water and food ad libitum up to the 30th day post-inoculation (PI). The lambs were monitored from the first day PI by recording the manifestation of clinical disease, rectal temperature, and the degree of parasitaemia. All the lambs became infected with B. ovis, except five animals from group III, which were treated 1 week prior to experimental infection. Other animals showed signs of acute clinical babesiosis. The animals treated with IMDP (group I) were able to clear the parasite from the blood circulation after 48 h post-treatment. The recrudescence of B. ovis was observed in two lambs 7 days after treatment, and they were treated with the second similar dose of the drug. Six lambs (1, 1, 2 and 2 lambs in group III, IV, V and VI, respectively) from the prophylaxis groups died within 7-17 days after showing high parasitaemia and clinical symptoms of the disease. Regardless of the clinical symptoms, 83.30% and 66.66% of the lambs which were administered IMDP 1-2 and 3-4 weeks before, were determined to be protected against the virulent field strain of B. ovis.     

Chemotherapy of porcine cysticercosis with albendazole sulphoxide

Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease of humans produced by the larval stage of swine parasite, Taenia solium. Chemotherapy of infected pigs is a possible strategy for avoiding disease transmission and improving health programs in endemic areas of cysticercosis. In this preliminary study, seven naturally infected pigs from 6 to 12 months of age were allotted to treated (n = 4) and control groups (n = 3). The treated animals received a subcutaneous injection in their forelegs and thighs of 15 mg/kg per body weight of albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO; Pisa, Mexico) once per day for 8 days. At the same time, the control group received a subcutaneous injection of saline solution (9% NaCl). After 12 weeks, all the animals were slaughtered and at least 200 metacestodes were isolated from the muscles and brain of each animal. Using histology and the metacestode viability criteria described in this study, treated animals had no viable cysts in their muscle (0/200), while 7 of 17 (41.1%) viable cysts were observed in those isolated from their brains. In the control group, 183/200 (91.5%) muscle metacestodes were viable and from brain, 22/29 (75.8%) metacestodes were viable. The 15 mg/kg per body weight dosage of ABZSO was 100% effective against muscular cysticercosis as shown by the lack of viable cysts and the micro-calcifications in meat from the treated pigs.     

山豆根多糖对猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞炎性因子水平的影响

试验旨在研究山豆根多糖（SSP）对猪肺泡巨噬细胞3D4/2感染猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（Porcine circovirus virus Ⅱ type,PCV2）后炎性因子水平的影响。本试验设空白对照组、PCV2感染组、脂多糖（LPS）对照组和3种浓度（100、200和400 μg/mL）的山豆根多糖组,采用PCV2体外感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞,在培养液中分别加入100、200和400 μg/mL山豆根多糖培养24 h后收集样品,用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定细胞分泌单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）水平和胞内环氧合酶-1（COX-1）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）的酶活性,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法分别检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、COX-2基因及其蛋白表达。结果显示,PCV2感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞后极显著提高了MCP-1、IL-8分泌水平和细胞内COX-1、COX-2酶活性（P<0.01）,iNOS、COX-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均极显著提升（P<0.01）;100、200、400 μg/mL山豆根多糖处理后,3D4/2细胞MCP-1、IL-8分泌水平和细胞内COX-1、COX-2酶活性均显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,其中400 μg/mL山豆根多糖处理后效果最显著,细胞内iNOS、COX-2基因mRNA表达水平同样显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;100、200、400 μg/mL山豆根多糖处理后,显著或极显著抑制了由PCV2诱导的iNOS蛋白表达量的增加（P<0.05;P<0.01）,经200、400 μg/mL山豆根多糖处理后显著抑制COX-2蛋白表达量的增加,400 μg/mL山豆根多糖处理效果最佳。综上所述,山豆根多糖可在一定程度上抑制PCV2感染所引起的促炎症因子mRNA表达的升高及其蛋白的表达,起到一定的缓解炎症的作用。     

太子参多糖对环磷酰胺所致肠道黏膜损伤小鼠SIgA、IL-2、IL-6含量的影响

试验将36只18~22 g雄性昆明小鼠随机分为空白对照组、太子参多糖对照组(400 mg/kg体重)、环磷酰胺(CY)模型组、太子参多糖低、中、高剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg体重),上述各组分别灌喂蒸馏水和多糖,连续灌胃19 d,第20天,除空白对照组和太子参多糖对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水外,其余4组均腹腔注射CY(100 mg/kg体重),24 h处死小鼠,取十二指肠和回肠,放免法测定分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,研究太子参多糖对CY所致肠道黏膜损伤小鼠中SIgA、IL-2、IL-6分泌的影响。结果显示,与CY模型组相比,太子参多糖高、中剂量组十二指肠SIgA含量显著升高(P<0.05),太子参多糖高剂量组回肠SIgA含量极显著升高(P<0.01);太子参多糖高剂量组中十二指肠和回肠IL-2含量显著升高(P<0.05),十二指肠IL-6含量极显著升高(P<0.01),回肠IL-6含量显著升高(P<0.05)。上述结果表明太子参多糖在一定程度上能颉颃CY所致的肠道黏膜免疫损伤。     

Effect of Pseudostellaria Polysaccharides on SIgA,IL-2 and IL-6 Contents of Intestinal Mucosal Injured Mice Caused by Cyclophosphamide

Effects of Pseudostellaria polysaccharides on the contents of intestinal mucosal SIgA, IL-2 and IL-6 in mice were reported in this paper.36 Kunming male mice with 18 to 22 g were randomly divided into six groups, blank control group, Pseudostellaria polysaccharides control group, cyclophosphamide (CY) model group, and Pseudostellaria polysaccharides low, middle, high dose groups.Each mouse in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides control group and Pseudostellaria polysaccharides low, middle, high dose groups was respectively treated with polysaccharides at the dose of 400, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight by intragastrical treatment for 19 continuous days, CY was given to each mouse in CY model group and Pseudostellaria polysaccharides low, middle, high dose groups by intraperitoneal injection with 100 mg/kg body weight in the 20th day, duodenum and ileum samples were collected from mice after 24 h, and SIgA, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined.The results showed that SIgA contents in duodenum were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides middle and high dose groups compared to CY model group, SIgA contents in ileum were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides high dose group compared to CY model group.IL-2 contents in duodenum and ileum were significantly increased (P<0.05), IL-6 contents in duodenum were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), IL-6 contents in ileum were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Pseudostellaria polysaccharides high dose group compared to CY model group.It was concluded that Pseudostellaria polysaccharide could antagonize intestinal mucosal injury caused by CY.     

Evaluation of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus

Hematophagous gastrointestinal parasites cause significant economic losses in small ruminant grazing systems. The growing reports of multi-drug resistant parasites call for intensive research on alternative treatments for anthelmintics to help small ruminants cope with these parasites. Two-month-old lambs with mean body weight (BW) of 22.5 kg were experimentally infected with a multidrug-resistant Haemonchus contortus strain. Infected animals were dosed orally with Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil to evaluate its anthelmintic potential. Eighteen animals were allocated into three groups of six animals, and each received one of the following treatments: Group 1 - control (10 mL of water), Group 2 - C. schoenanthus essential oil (180 mg/kg BW); and Group 3 - C. schoenanthus essential oil (360 mg/kg BW). Animals received the oil once a day for 3 consecutive days. Lambs were evaluated clinically for blood biochemistry before, at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment, and then were euthanized to assess the total worm burden. No statistically significant reduction in fecal egg count, packed cell volume or total worm count was observed after treatments. Also, no statistical difference among group means for blood levels of urea, creatinine, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase was found. Larval development assay (LDA) and egg hatch assay (EHA) were performed from feces of treated animals at 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after essential oil administration. An inhibition in LDA was observed 1 day after the 3-day treatment in larvae from feces of animals treated with 360 mg/kg essential oil. In conclusion, the essential oil at the doses of 180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg was safe to sheep, but failed as an anthelmintic treatment when applied to young sheep artificially infected with a multidrug-resistant H. contortus strain.     

Efficacy of alpha-cyclodextrin against experimental cryptosporidiosis in neonatal goats

The efficacy of orally administered tablets containing alpha-cyclodextrin, an excipient used in the pharmaceutical industry with demonstrated anticryptosporidial activity in vitro and in neonatal mice, was evaluated in neonatal goat kids. The formulation was evaluated for hardness and was subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Twenty goat kids were orally inoculated with 10(6) oocysts of C. parvum within the first 6 days of age. Half of the animals were treated by oral administration of four tablets of alpha-cyclodextrin/day (500 mg/kg of body weight) for six consecutive days, the treatment beginning on the day of inoculation. Infection was monitored by daily examination of faecal samples from the first day to 25 days post-inoculation. The criteria studied in evaluating efficacy were: oocyst shedding, presence of diarrhoea and weight gain at 15 and 25 days post-inoculation. alpha-cyclodextrin was effective when given at the beginning of infection: there was a longer pre-patent period, a reduction in the patent period and a decrease in the intensity of infection, these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with untreated neonatal kids. Moreover, except in one animal, the diarrhoea was prevented in infected neonatal kids. Animals from both groups increased the body weight and no significant differences were seen between the two groups.     

适度运动减轻流感小鼠肺脏炎性损伤的研究

试验利用小鼠流感模型,研究适度运动能否减轻流感病毒引起的肺脏损伤,延长小鼠的生存期。将小鼠分为对照组和运动组,相同条件下饲养,对照组不进行踏轮试验,运动组小鼠进行踏轮试验（8～9 m/min,30 min/次,5次/周）,第14天,经鼻腔接种致死量的鼠源性H1N1型流感病毒FM1,感染后第3天,对照组和试验组各处死5只小鼠,取其肺脏组织,各组分别取2个肺脏组织用于制作组织切片;余下的肺脏组织研磨后制备组织悬液用于检测病毒滴度和IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1的含量。在感染病毒后3 d,运动组小鼠的肺脏炎症细胞浸润明显低于对照组,肺脏组织的IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1的含量均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,肺脏组织的病毒滴度含量略低于对照组。此外,适度运动组的小鼠感染病毒后,生存期明显延长。结果表明,适度运动可显著降低流感病毒在小鼠肺脏引起的炎性损伤,明显延长小鼠的生存期。