饲粮不同能量来源对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜功能的影响

仔猪早期断奶常常导致仔猪能量摄入不足,使肠道黏膜细胞处于"饥饿状态",影响仔猪正常的肠道功能,从而加剧断奶应激,因此满足肠道黏膜细胞的能量供给至关重要。本文就谷氨酰胺(Gln)、葡萄糖(Glu)、脂肪这3种肠黏膜细胞主要的供能物质来分别论述它们对于断奶仔猪肠道黏膜功能的影响。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫的调节作用

作者综述了早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统、谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能、早期断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫的影响,以及谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠道屏障功能、肠道抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响。     

肠道微生物区系对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫功能的调节作用研究进展

断奶仔猪肠道中定植了大量微生物,这些微生物及其代谢产物可参与断奶仔猪的肠道黏膜免疫过程。肠道微生物对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫的调节机制主要是通过TLRs和NLRs通路分子分别发生作用。本文对肠道黏膜免疫的特点及断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的组成进行了综述,并深入探讨了肠道微生物对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫功能的调节作用,以及肠道微生物对肠道黏膜免疫系统调控的潜在机制,旨在为进一步利用断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫维持机体健康的相关研究提供参考。     

仔猪肠黏膜营养与肠道修复

肠道不仅是营养物质消化和吸收的重要场所,而且是营养物质代谢的重要器官。本文从仔猪肠道生理特点出发,综述了仔猪肠道黏膜结构与功能、黏膜营养、黏膜修复,为断奶仔猪生长发育及生产应用提供参考。     

蜂胶乙醇提取物对断奶仔猪肠道菌群及肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响

正断奶仔猪由于肠道结构和生理功能发育不完善,肠道微生物区系生态平衡尚未完全建立和肠道黏膜免疫功能尚不健全,致使断奶仔猪的饲养管理成为养猪生产中最难管理的阶段,也是决定养猪生产经济效益的关键阶段。在断奶仔猪饲料或饮水中添加天然     

谷氨酰胺添加物可提高断奶仔猪对大肠杆菌的屏障作用

新生仔猪容易感染很多胃肠道疾病。许多体内试验和体外试验都证实了谷氨酰胺（Gln）具有提高肠道黏膜的屏障作用和机体免疫功能。但Gln对仔猪肠黏膜屏障作用的机理尚不清楚,至于Gln对肠道细胞因子变化的影响目前研究更不多见。本实验的目的是研究并明确猪只饲料中添加Gin对肠黏膜屏障的影响。再以大肠杆菌感染为模型。研究Gin对大肠杆菌引起的肠道细胞因子变化的影响。     

断奶仔猪黏膜免疫的营养调控

断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫在断奶仔猪肠道黏膜防御机制中起重要作用。断奶仔猪无法从母乳中获得母源抗体，同时其自身的主动免疫功能尚未发育健全，因而极易受到病原微生物的侵袭，导致腹泻等疾病的发生，给养猪生产造成了巨大的经济损失。而大部分病原微生物的入侵都是通过黏附在断     

谷氨酰胺与早期断奶仔猪的营养

文章综述了谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠道黏膜结构和功能、肠道局部免疫以及生产性能的影响。     

超微茶粉对断奶仔猪肠道发育及抗氧化机能的影响

试验旨在研究超微茶粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道黏膜形态及抗氧化能力的影响。选用72头28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪随机分为4组。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%超微茶粉,试验期35 d。在试验的第35天检测断奶仔猪的各项生长性能指标、肠道抗氧化性能和肠道结构。结果显示,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.8%的超微茶粉可以显著增加断奶仔猪的平均日增重和小肠黏膜的抗氧化性能(CAT、GSH-Px、SOD),同时显著增加空肠绒毛长度、降低隐窝深度(P0.05)。结果提示,超微茶粉可以增强仔猪肠道抗氧化机能及促进黏膜生长,从而提高仔猪生长性能。     

仔猪早期断奶过程中肠道菌群变化引发细菌性腹泻的研究进展

断奶是猪生长过程中的一个重要阶段,现代化养殖中,大多数猪场会将仔猪的断奶时间提前,称为早期断奶。早期断奶会造成仔猪肠道菌群结构紊乱,肠道致病菌通过作用于肠黏膜屏障进而引发断奶腹泻。文章综述了仔猪肠道菌群的形成与早期断奶造成肠道菌群的变化,以及肠道菌群紊乱引发早期断奶仔猪腹泻的机制,并对用益生菌改善肠道菌群结构和腹泻状况进行了展望,以期为仔猪早期断奶腹泻的研究提供理论参考。     

Glutamine,glutamate,and aspartate differently modulate energy homeostasis of small intestine under normal or low energy status in piglets

Weaning stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal structure.Gln,Glu,and Asp are major energy sources for the small intestine.This study investigated whether Gln,Glu,and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning piglets.A total of 198 weaned piglets were assigned to 3 treatments:Control(Basal diet+1.59%L-Ala);T1(Basal diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp);T2(Low energy diet+1%L-Gln+0.5%L-Glu+0.1%L-Asp).Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d 5 or 21 post-weaning.T1 enhanced growth performance.T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height,goblet cell number and decreasing crypt depth.Days post-weaning affected the efficacy of T2,but not T1,on energy metabolism.At normal energy supplementation,Gln,Glu,and Asp restored small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs'cycle and down-regulating the AMPK(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase)pathway.As these are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy-balance of piglets fed with a low energy diet on d 5 post-weaning,the AMPK,glycolysis,beta-oxidation,and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of enterocytes.These data indicated that Gln,Glu,and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of weaning piglets under normal energy fed.Low energy feeding may increase the susceptibility of piglets to stress,which may decrease the efficacy of Gln,Glu,and Asp on the restoration of energy balance.These findings provide new information on nutritional intervention for insufficient energy intake in weaning piglets.     

Growth behaviour of a spore forming probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken and piglets.

The growth behaviour of the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus var. toyoi in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken and suckling piglets was evaluated. The strain germinated rapidly in intestinal samples from both animal species. Less than 10% of spores were recovered from the chicken crop and piglet stomach, respectively. Lumen samples and mucosal tissues from the hind gut of piglets displayed increasing colonization of the probiotic strain throughout the trial period. After oral administration of vegetative cells to broiler chicken and weaned piglets, sporulation was detected in all intestinal samples. The distribution of spore CFU indicated repeated germination and sporulation during the intestinal passage in piglets. B. cereus var. toyoi was not able to colonize the intestinal tract of both animal species. However, the probiotic strain was detected in suckling piglets before uptake of B. cereus var. toyoi supplemented feed. It is concluded that B. cereus var. toyoi germinates rapidly in broiler chicken and piglets, which is a necessary prerequisite for its possible probiotic effects. Germination and in vivo sporulation of vegetative cells indicated that the probiotic strain was metabolically active in the intestine of both animal species.     

仔猪肠道免疫与肠道健康

肠道黏膜免疫系统是仔猪体内最大的黏膜免疫器官,在识别和清除有害物质的过程中发挥着重要作用,同时能够对营养物质和肠道益生菌形成免疫耐受,与仔猪的健康关系最为密切。随着养殖业进入全面减抗、限抗的时代,养猪业面临巨大的挑战。仔猪肠道健康决定了猪场的生产效益,正确认识仔猪肠道免疫系统,科学调节肠道免疫,提高仔猪抗病能力,是决定养猪生产能否成功的重要因素。     

寡糖对断奶仔猪肠道内环境的作用及其应用研究

本文就仔猪消化道微生物区系的建立,早期断奶后仔猪消化道微生物区系的改变,寡糖对仔猪肠道内环境的调节作用及其在断奶仔猪生产上的应用研究作一阐述。     

Intestinal growth and morphology is associated with the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in weaning piglets through supplementation with glutamine

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of oral Gln supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 in weaning piglets. A total of 65 piglets after weaning at 21 d of age (d 0) were used in this experiment. Five piglets were randomly selected and euthanized initially at d 0 to determine baseline values for the expression of Hsp70 in the small intestine. The remaining piglets were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments and received 0 or 1 g of oral Gln/kg of BW every 12 h. After piglets were humanely killed at d 3, 7, and 14 postweaning, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of piglets were sampled to evaluate intestinal morphology and the expression and localization of Hsp70. The results indicated that oral Gln supplementation increased plasma concentrations of Gln compared with those in control piglets (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and ADFI were greater in piglets orally supplemented with Gln than in control piglets during the whole period (P < 0.05). The incidence of diarrhea in piglets orally supplemented with Gln was 24% less than (P = 0.064) that in control piglets at 8 to 14 d after weaning. The weights of the jejunum and ileum were greater in piglets orally supplemented with Gln compared with those of control piglets relative to BW on d 14 postweaning (P < 0.05). The villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and the ileum were greater in piglets receiving oral Gln on d 14 postweaning (P < 0.05) than in control piglets. These results indicate that Gln supplementation can influence the intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. The expression of hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 proteins in the duodenum and jejunum was greater in piglets supplemented with Gln than in control piglets (P < 0.05). However, Gln supplementation had no effect on the expression of hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 proteins in the ileum. Moreover, the localization of Hsp70 in the cytoplasm indicated that Hsp70 has a cytoprotective role in epithelial cell function and structure. These results indicate that Gln supplementation may be beneficial for intestinal health and development and may thus mitigate diarrhea and improve growth performance. The protective mechanisms of Gln in the intestine may be associated with the increase in Hsp70 expression.     

液体发酵饲料对断奶仔猪肠道健康的影响

液体发酵饲料中含有大量种类繁多的益生菌及其代谢产物,它们可以改善饲料的消化特性,给断奶仔猪胃肠道提供酸性环境,调节肠道内菌群平衡,提高肠黏膜免疫系统的免疫功能,促进肠道健康,进而提高断奶仔猪的生长性能.     

断奶应激引发仔猪肠道损伤及重建机制研究进展

肠道的发育与成熟状况是制约幼畜快速生长的关键因素。断奶是仔猪必须经历的一个应激过程,而断奶应激主要的靶点就是仔猪的肠道,特别是小肠的损伤尤为严重。因此,本文从仔猪肠道的形态和结构、肠道消化和代谢相关酶活性、肠道黏膜屏障、肠道功能基因和蛋白的表达及调控、断奶激活的肠道应激信号通路、应激蛋白家族在肠道中的差异表达等多个层面探讨断奶应激导致仔猪肠道损伤及重建的机制。为今后采用各种营养调控手段改善仔猪肠道健康、促进其快速生长提供理论基础和支持。     

饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪肠道黏膜免疫应答的影响及大豆异黄酮的干预作用

本试验旨在通过研究饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜氧化相关指标、免疫因子、氧化和免疫共同相关因子的影响以及添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对其的干预作用,探讨氧化应激对新生仔猪生长、肠道免疫应答的影响机制.试验选用4日龄新生仔猪96头,分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,各组饲粮中分别添加5%新鲜鱼油(Ⅰ组)、5%...