Mycorrhizal synthesis between Pisolithus arhizus and adult clones of Arbutus unedo in vitro and in nursery

Arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthesized between adult se-lected clones of Arbutus unedo L. and Pisolithus arhizus. Two micro-propagated clones were tested:AL1, in vitro and C1 (acclimatized plants) in nu...     

杨树菌根研究进展

杨树菌根真菌资源丰富，有３０种外生菌根真菌和５种ＶＡ菌根真菌可与其共生形成外生菌根和ＶＡ菌根，菌根的形态和解剖特征与菌根真菌的种类有关。菌根可以促进杨树苗木养分和水分的吸收，提高苗木的生长量，增强其抗旱性，并且可以诱导杨树体内酚类物质代谢中酶类（ＰＯ、ＰＰＯ、ＰＡＬ等）活性的提高，加速抗病性物质（酚类等）的合成，增强杨树抗溃疡病的能力     

The influence of VA mycorrhizae on the wilting of Albizia procera and Dalbergia sissoo

The effect of pre-inoculation with VA mycorrhizae on Fusarium wilt of Albizia procera and Dalbergia sissoo was done in a green house trial. Inoculation with Fusarium spp. decreased plant growth compared to noninoculated controls. Mycorrhizal plants were significantly higher than nonmycorrhizal ones. In addition to plant growth, the disease severity caused by Fusarium spp. reduced significantly when inoculated with VA mycorrhizae. The lowest percentage of Fusarium spp. were found on plants when treated with VA mycorrhizae. The population of Fusarium spp. were higher in the rhizosphere of nonmycorrhizal roots. The P concentration in the leaves of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants were higher in the absence of Fusarium spp.     

泡桐花的化学成份研究

本文报道了生长在南京地区三种泡桐花的营养成分。泡桐花具有芳香气味,用石油醚提取三种泡桐花,得到的浸膏以兰考泡桐花的得率最高;但评香的结果毛泡桐花浸膏的香气较浓郁。对三种泡桐花精油成份进行了GC/MS分析,共分离出17个组份,用质谱鉴定出13种化合物。     

Inoculation of Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings with vegetative inocula of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus (L.: Fr.) O. Kuntze and Inocybe lacera (Fr.) Kumm.

Perlite-peat substrate (2:1 v:v) fumigated with Basamide was inoculated with vegetative inocula (a mixture of perlite and peat moistened with the MMN liquid medium) of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus (isolate TUZ 105) and Inocybe lacera (isolate X/14) immediately before seeding with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in a nursery bed. Suillus inoculum was applied at rates of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 litres per m², Inocybe inoculum at rates of 0.5 and 1.5 litres per m². At the end of the first growing season, all inoculation treatments showed a significantly greater mycorrhizal infection of bareroot seedlings compared to that found in both fumigated and unfumigated controls. The ectomycorrhizal 1-year-old seedlings were transplanted into containers. At the end of the second year, ectomycorrhizal infection of the 2-year-old container-grown seedlings was considerably less than that of the 1-year-old barerooted seedlings, probably as a consequence of too high fertility and/or insufficient porosity/aeration of pure peat moss medium. There was no difference in seedling growth between inoculated and uninoculated seedlings throughout the experiment.     

Ectomycorrhizae Reduce Damage to Russian Larch by Otiorhyncus Larvae

The effect of ectomycorrhizae on damage caused by Otiorhyncus larvae and on plant growth was evaluated in a 3-yr field experiment. Russian larch seedlings, inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi, were compared with uninoculated plants. Assessment of larval damage at the end of the first growing season showed a significant effect of treatment on damage intensity, but not on damage incidence: 11.2% of uninoculated seedlings were severely damaged, but only 3.5% of inoculated plants. There was a significant effect of treatment on plant mortality. The accumulated mortality at the end of the third growing season was 34.5% for uninoculated plants, but 17.6% for inoculated plants. The height increment of inoculated plants (4.5 cm) was significantly greater than that of uninoculated plants (2.7 cm) in the first growing season. No difference in height increment between treatments was observed during the second and third growing seasons.     

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tectona grandis</Emphasis> Linn.f. plantations and their effects on growth of micropropagated plantlets

Regeneration of stands of valuable tropical hardwood tree species for sustainable harvest requires production of seedlings with high probabilities of survival. One way to enhance the vigor of plants for outplanting is pre-colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We pursued the strategy that the most promising AM fungus candidates for inoculation would be those associated with the tree of interest in the field. AM fungus communities were assessed in five plantations of Tectona grandis Linn.f. A total of 18 AM fungal morphotypes were found, representing four families: Glomeraceae (49.6%), Acaulosporaceae (24.9%), Claroideoglomeraceae (20.8%), and Gigasporaceae (4.8%). AM fungus spore density was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon. Some of these AM fungi, plus Rhizophagus irregularis, were established in pot culture and in vitro with transformed carrot roots, and subsequently used to inoculate micropropagated plantlets of T. grandis. Tectona grandis plantlets inoculated in vitro were successfully colonized by all AM fungi studied. Plants inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae were taller than uninoculated plants. Tectona grandis plantlets inoculated with the AM fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum PBT03 were taller than uninoculated controls in ex vitro experiments. This study provides early insight for the targeted use of the AM symbiosis in production of important tree species in future greenhouse studies and reforestation.     

根癌农杆菌对感染植原体的泡桐组培苗症状的影响

采用含有激素合成相关基因的根癌农杆菌，伤口接种已感染植原体的泡桐丛植组培苗和健康组培苗，结果发现对丛植苗的致瘤能力明显低于健康对照苗，且被接种病苗的丛枝症状缓解，从健苗获得的T-DNA转化泡桐瘤组织细胞能在无激素培养基上稳定生长和连续继代培养2年以上，说明瘤组织细胞自身已获得了细胞分裂素和生长素合成能力，根据已报道的根癌农杆菌株系pTil5955T-DNA的异戊烯基转移酶基因（ipt)的保守序列，设计了一对引物（CYT和CYT′），用多聚酶链式反应（PCR）扩增了我国杨树致瘤农杆菌ipt基因部分序列（427bp片段），也从遗传转化的两个泡桐无性系瘤组织At-ZH和At-T35扩增出此特异片估，从而进一步肯定了T-DNA已被整合到泡桐的染色体上表明泡桐易于通过Ti质粒载体途径进行基因转移操作，但用此引物未能从泡桐、甘薯健株和感染植原体的组培病苗扩增出相应的427bp特异片段，当用此遗传转化瘤组织嫁接病苗时，可减轻从枝症状的严重度，延长病苗的存活时间和诱导病株生根，这进一步证实了泡桐在与植原体相互作用过程中激素代谢发生了变化。     

美国工业废地应用VA菌根恢复植被的研究与实践

本文介绍了美国西部不同类型工业废地应用VA菌根恢复植被的现状和VA菌根生态学研究,并对我国开展此类研究与应用工作提出了建议。     

毛白杨VA菌根与外生菌根关系的研究

定期从毛白杨扦插育苗地挖取根样，并从中原地区的毛白杨人工林地采集细根（直径小于２ｍｍ）根样，观察统计ＶＡ菌根、外生菌根、混合菌根以及未受菌根菌侵染的１ｃｍ长根段的百分比。结果表明，在苗木的菌根侵染初期，ＶＡ菌根菌的侵染势较强，但优势很快被外生菌根菌取代，两种菌根菌间的负交互作用随苗龄的增加而不断增强。造林地种类和土壤的ｐＨ值对毛白杨两种菌根间的负交互作用关系有制约作用。在强碱性砂土地上，ＶＡ菌根的