Case study on the first immigration of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda invading into China

The fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging crop pests, and it has become major threat to the food security of many countries. In order to monitor possible invasion of this pest into China, a searchlight trap was established in March 2018 in western Yunnan Province, China, where it has served as the "first station" for many pests that have migrated from Myanmar to China. A number of suspected FAW moths were captured and identified by DNA sequencing. The results showed that the FAW moth was first captured on December 11 and formed its first immigration peak in mid-December 2018. DNA detection revealed that the early invading FAW population was the "corn-strain". The field survey indicated that the pest mainly colonized corn in Pu'er, Dehong and Baoshan areas. Migration trajectory simulation implied that the moths might have mainly come from the eastern area in the mid-latitude region of Myanmar(20–25°N, 94–100°E). This case study confirmed the first immigration of FAW into China, and will be helpful for guiding monitoring and management work to control this pest.     

2007年河池市玉米铁甲虫偏重发生原因分析及防治

玉米铁甲虫是广西玉米主产区主要害虫,玉米是河池市主要粮食作物之一,玉米铁甲虫历年均有不同程度的发生,且呈上升趋势,严重影响玉米生产。本文通过对玉米铁甲虫发生情况的田间调查,分析其偏重发生原因,并有针对性地提出科学有效的防治措施,为遏制玉米铁甲虫对玉米生产的危害和提高玉米单位面积产量提供参考。     

Global invasion history of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a significant pest that was inadvertently introduced into the southern United States almost a century ago and more recently into California and other regions of the world. An assessment of genetic variation at a diverse set of molecular markers in 2144 fire ant colonies from 75 geographic sites worldwide revealed that at least nine separate introductions of S. invicta have occurred into newly invaded areas and that the main southern U.S. population is probably the source of all but one of these introductions. The sole exception involves a putative serial invasion from the southern United States to California to Taiwan. These results illustrate in stark fashion a severe negative consequence of an increasingly massive and interconnected global trade and travel system.     

河北省二点委夜蛾的发生规律研究

二点委夜蛾是2005年在河北省新发现的玉米害虫,近年来在我国夏玉米种植区发生日趋严重。由于该虫发现时间短,因此可以借鉴的资料有限。2005年以来,作者对河北省二点委夜蛾的发生规律进行了持续研究,目前澄清了年发生世代和幼虫为害习性。在河北省,二点委夜蛾全年发生4代：越冬代成虫4月中旬～5月底,1代成虫6月～7月上旬,2代成虫7月上中旬～8月上中旬,3代成虫8月下旬～10月中旬;幼虫主害期为夏玉米苗期（6月～7月上旬）,7月下旬以后对玉米损害不大。幼虫对玉米苗的为害方式主要是咬食茎基部和根部,破坏输导组织,从而导致植株萎蔫甚至死亡。幼虫对高温敏感,田间湿度大时有利于该虫的发生。二点委夜蛾幼虫的天敌是蚂蚁。     

沙棘木蠹蛾潜在分布区预测与分析

利用CLIMEX生态气候模型对沙棘木蠹蛾在中国的适生区进行了预测.结果显示,甘肃省的南部和中部、宁夏回族自治区南部、陕西省和山西省的北部、河北省北部、北京市北部、辽宁省西部和东部部分地区、内蒙古自治区的南部、四川省的西部部分地区、青海省的东部部分地区、新疆维吾尔自治区北部部分地区是该害虫的适生区,这一地区正是中国沙棘人工林分布面积比较大的区域.在综合分析沙棘灌丛林自然分布、沙棘人工林栽培状况、沙棘木蠹蛾危害状况以及生态气候指数EI的基础上,作者认为沙棘木蠹蛾是中国“三北”地区的本地害虫,沙棘木蠹蛾的种群爆发是本地害虫危害引入树种的典型例子.      

山东省玉米越冬害虫种类及亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫寄生性天敌调查

对山东省10多个玉米主产区的玉米越冬害虫种类和亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫天敌寄生情况进行了调查。查明了玉米越冬害虫有亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）、桃蛀螟（Dichocrocis punctiferalis）、高粱条螟（ Chilo acchariphagus）。大部分地区越冬害虫以亚洲玉米螟为主,但也有个别地区个别年份例外。同时显示亚洲玉米螟的主要寄生性天敌有白僵菌（ Beauveria bassiana ）、苏云金杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）、腰带长体茧蜂（Macrocentrus cingulum）、玉米螟厉寄蝇（Lydella grisescens）等。白僵菌在各地均有发生,以费县为最高,寄生率在60％以上。苏云金杆菌在各地的发生率相对较低。腰带长体茧蜂在滨州、商河的发生率相对较高。在白僵菌感染率相对较低的栖霞、即墨两地,厉寄蝇的寄生率则相对较高,分别为32．58％、17．89％,而在济宁、商河则未发现。     

广东省玉米有害生物种类调查

在广东省6县18个乡镇开展玉米有害生物种类、为害及分布调查,基本摸清广东省玉米有害生物种类、为害及分布情况。结果显示,广东玉米有害生物种类48种,其中病害22种,病害以真菌为主,虫害及蜗牛26种,以鳞翅目害虫为主。发生为害表现为发生种类多,病虫草害种类及发生为害区域间差异大。     

探析玉米高效种植技术及病虫害防治技术

玉米为我国重要的农业经济作物,高效种植、科学种植能够有效提高玉米产量及品质。本文 分析玉米高效种植技术及病虫害防治技术,总结玉米种植技术经验,供相关人员参考借鉴。     

家茸天牛危害玉米观察初报

家茸天牛〔Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann)〕近年来己成为一种新的、主要的仓储害虫在集安市部分乡镇粮库直接危害玉米,被害率达15％左右。过去对该虫危害粮食的报道甚少,笔者通过1986-1987两年的饲养观察和调查,本文记述了该虫在玉米中的发生与危害,生活史及生活习性等情况。     

茌平县玉米主要病虫害的发生特点及防治措施

介绍了玉米苗期及中后期主要病虫害的发生特点,并提出了相应病虫害的综合防治措施,以期为玉米种植户提供参考。     

长治市玉米生产现状与发展对策

玉米是晋东南地区的主要粮食和饲料作物,用调研数据从种植面积、玉米产量、品种结构、栽培方式、病虫害防治、机械化程度等方面宏观说明了长治市的玉米生产现状,分析了长治市稳定玉米产业的意义和有利条件,并针对当前玉米生产中存在的问题提出发展对策。     

晋中盆地夏玉米田棉铃虫发生危害特点的研究

通过对晋中盆地夏玉米田棉铃虫发生危害的调查研究 ,结果表明 ,第 3代棉铃虫幼虫是夏玉米生长后期的重要害虫之一 ,该虫主要危害玉米的雄穗和雌穗 ,其危害高峰期在 8月中旬～ 9月上旬 ,通常年份蛀穗率可达 5 9.3%以上。     

Traditional knowledge and pest management in the Guatemalan highlands

Adoption of integrated pest management(IPM) practices in the Guatemalan highlands has beenlimited by the failure of researchers andextensionists to promote genuine farmer participationin their efforts. Some attempts have been made toredress this failure in the diffusion-adoptionprocess, but farmers are still largely excluded fromthe research process. Understanding farmers'agricultural knowledge must be an early step toward amore participatory research process. With this inmind, we conducted a semi-structured survey of 75Cakchiquel Maya farmers in Patzún, Guatemala, tobegin documenting their pest control practices. Theirresponses revealed that their understanding ofbiological and curative pest control is limited.However, their broad knowledge of cultural preventivepest control practices could explain why they hadfaced few pest problems in their traditionalmilpa (intercrop of corn, beans, and other edibleplants). The majority of these preventive practicesare probably efficient and environmentallyinnocuous.     

普通玉米种植甜玉米抵御白星花金龟为害的初步尝试

2007—2009年,采用在普通玉米田(先玉335)中混种少量甜玉米(吉甜6号)作为诱虫植物并于灌浆期对其不处理或定期(07-25,08-09,08-23)于穗上喷施辛硫磷乳剂(40％,15 mL)等措施,抵御白星花金龟为害。试验结果表明：未用化学药剂处理的混种田内,普通玉米平均穗损失值(0.39)低于对照田普通玉米(1.03),甜玉米平均穗损失值(1.63)高于对照田甜玉米(1.50)。以14 d为间隔期,喷施辛硫磷于甜玉米穗上,混作田内的普通玉米平均穗损失值进一步降低。据此得出初步结论:用甜玉米作为诱虫植物,抵御白星花金龟对普通玉米的为害切实可行。     

水稻转基因再生植株及其后代抗虫性筛选测定研究

采用基因枪转化系统，将CpTI(豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂）抗虫基因转入水稻愈伤组织中，经过抗生素筛选得到了再生植株。我们用这些转基因水稻再生植株及其后代的分蘖茎段对玉米螟（Ostrinia nubilalis)进行室内喂养，通过比较虫体死亡率及虫体生长长度，测定转基因水稻再生植株的抗虫性。1997－1999年共进行3个世代5次的室内测定。从121株F0代转基因植株中选出抗虫性较好的植株15株。从F1代的15个株系中，又筛选出了7个株系40个单株；在F2代的14个株系中共选出37株抗虫效果表现较好的植株。对37株中的19株进行了分子检测（PCR扩增），从中检测出5份材料为纯合体，14份材料有分离现象。研究结果表明：该富内喂养玉米螟并进行抗虫测定的方法是可行的；抗虫基因在转基因水稻再生植株中已经获得表达并且可以遗传。     

Suppression of cotton bollworm in multiple crops in China in areas with Bt toxin-containing cotton

Transgenic cotton that has been engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and so to resist the pest cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) has been widely planted in Asia. Analysis of the population dynamics of H. armigera from 1992 to 2007 in China indicated that a marked decrease in regional outbreaks of this pest in multiple crops was associated with the planting of Bt cotton. The study area included six provinces in northern China with an annual total of 3 million hectares of cotton and 22 million hectares of other crops (corn, peanuts, soybeans, and vegetables) grown by more than 10 million resource-poor farmers. Our data suggest that Bt cotton not only controls H. armigera on transgenic cotton designed to resist this pest but also may reduce its presence on other host crops and may decrease the need for insecticide sprays in general.     

秸秆还田与药剂处理对夏玉米田二点委夜蛾发生数量的影响

二点委夜蛾(Athetis lepigone Moschler)是夏玉米产区一种新发生的害虫。调查发现,秸秆还田地块尤为严重。本试验对秸秆还田与药剂处理地块的二点委夜蛾的危害情况进行了调查。结果表明,秸秆还田未进行药剂处理的地块被害株率达到82%,百株虫量最大为88头,喷除草剂和杀虫剂后二点委夜蛾发生量及危害率与未喷的差异不显著,百株虫量略有降低,但无秸秆还田地块喷施除草剂与杀虫剂后,其危害率显著低于上述处理,被害株率为20%,百株虫量为6头。     

糯玉米区试品种存在问题及建议

从2004年通过国家审定的几个糯玉米品种国家黄淮海鲜食玉米区试结果可以看出,当前育成的糯玉米存在一些问题,建议今后糯玉米育种中注意蒸煮品质、抗病虫性和产量方面的改善。     

转基因作物的抗虫性分析

目前,全球种植的玉米、棉花、水稻几大主要作物都培育出了抗虫转基因作物,农业生产中虫害影响非常严重,随着传统杀虫剂的长期应用逐渐暴露出其弊端,通过田间试验调查虫害侵染情况,分析转基因作物的良好抗虫性。     

二点委夜蛾发育起点温度及有效积温的研究

二点委夜蛾（Athetis lepigone Moschler）在我国属于耕作制度变革后新发生的害虫,为了便于对其进行准确的预测预报,在不同温度条件下,测定了二点委夜蛾各虫态的发育历期,并用直线回归法计算出各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明：温度对二点委夜蛾各虫态的发育历期有显著影响,在温度为15～30℃时,各虫态的发育历期随着温度的升高而明显缩短,其发育速率明显加快。二点委夜蛾的发育历期和发育速率均与温度呈明显的相关性,其卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代发育起点温度分别为9.72、10.80、9.63和10.04℃,有效积温分别为71.47、248.89、134.00和552.95 d.℃。利用本研究结果,根据有效积温法则,可准确预测出该虫在当地的发育代数。