甘草营养成分分析及其提取物对滩羊增重的影响

研究了甘草的营养成分及其提取物对滩羊增重的影响。试验结果表明,甘草具有较高的营养水平,作为粗饲料能满足反刍动物对常规营养成分的需求,是较好的饲用植物;在日粮中添加甘草提取物,可以提高滩羊的增重效果。     

甘草提取物对舍饲滩羊增重效果的影响

选择日龄、体重相近,健康状况良好的滩羊羔羊20只,随机分为2组,每组10只,分别为试验组和对照组,且2组羊的初始体重差异不显著(P>0.05)。在试验组羊日粮中添加甘草提取物,研究甘草提取物对滩羊增重效果的影响。结果表明:2组羊的采食量差异显著(P<0.05),试验结束时2组羊的体重、总增重、日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验组各指标均高于对照组,说明添加甘草提取物可以提高滩羊的增重效果。     

甘草提取物对宁夏滩半血液生化指标的影响

研究甘草提取物对宁夏滩羊血液生化指标的影响,结果表明:甘草提取物显著降低了宁夏滩羊血清中三酰甘油、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白含量,同时有降低尿酸含量的趋势.     

羊肉风味植物常规营养成分以及矿物质元素分析

试验采集宁夏滩羊产区7种常见的羊肉风味植物——麻黄、甘草、柠条、沙葱、百里香、黄芪、胡枝子,并对其常规营养成分和矿物质元素进行了分析与测定.结果表明,7种羊肉风味植物含有较高的粗蛋白,矿物质含量丰富,作为粗饲料均能满足反刍动物的常规营养成分需求,是较好的饲用植物.     

黄芪多糖、枸杞多糖、甘草次酸对滩羊生长性能、血清免疫指标影响的研究

为探讨黄芪多糖、枸杞多糖、甘草次酸三种中草药活性成分对滩羊增重、血清抗氧化及免疫因子的影响,试验选取同期断奶体重(19±2)kg的滩羊公羔羊80只,随机分为4组,每组20只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2 g/kg黄芪多糖(黄芪多糖组)、0.4 g/kg枸杞多糖(枸杞多糖组)、0.4 g/kg甘草...     

甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响

文章旨在评估甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响。试验将平均初始体重为(764.45±17.54)g的240只肉兔随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,即对照组和3个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3、6和9 g/kg甘草提取物。试验进行到12周后开展相关数据记录与样品测定。结果:3 g/kg甘草提取物组肉兔在9和12周的体重最低(P<0.05),9 g/kg甘草提取物组肉兔在6~12周的日增重最高,分别较对照组和其他两组显著提高3.29%、10.59%和5.13%(P<0.05),但对照组整个试验期(6~12周)的料重比较3个甘草处理组分别显著降低3.65%、6.05%和4.35%(P<0.05)。3 g/kg甘草提取物组屠体重和屠宰率较9 g/kg甘草提取物组显著降低了8.04%、2.18%(P<0.05)。3和9 g/kg甘草提取物组肌肉pH显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),6 g/kg甘草提取物组梭菌较对照组显著提高9.09%(P<0.05)。结论:甘草提取物可以改善肉兔日增重、提高屠体重和屠宰率,并有降低盲肠内容物病原菌的作用,本研究中甘草提取物的适宜添加水平为9 g/kg。     

基于《NY/T 816—2004肉羊饲养标准》的不同营养水平日粮对滩羊羔羊育肥效果的影响

为了研究育肥滩羊羔羊的最适营养需要,试验选择90日龄滩羊断奶羔羊51只(30♂,21♀),随机分成3组,每组17只(10♂,7♀),参考《NY/T 816—2004肉羊饲养标准》肉用绵羊肥育羔羊日增重300 g、200 g、100 g的饲养标准配制三种营养水平日粮,测定滩羊羔羊试验期增重、平均日增重、料重比等相关指标。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:饲喂日增重300 g日粮的滩羊增重、日增重、经济效益最高,料重比最低。说明参考肉羊饲养标准《NY/T 816—2004肉羊饲养标准》肉用绵羊肥育羔羊日增重300 g的饲养标准配制的日粮最能满足滩羊羔羊的营养需要。     

甘草制品在饲料中的应用

本文主要介绍了甘草制品在猪、鸡鸭、鱼虾以及在牛羊养殖中的应用。总结出在饲料中添加甘草制品,对于畜禽和鱼虾等的增重和提高免疫力具有明显功效,甘草提取物对于病毒具有抑制作用。     

饲喂柠条包膜青贮饲料对滩羊育肥效果的影响

为了研究柠条包膜青贮在滩羊养殖中的应用效果,试验以柠条包膜青贮饲料代替玉米秸秆黄贮饲喂育肥滩羊,探讨柠条包膜青贮饲料对滩羊育肥效果的影响。结果表明:柠条经青贮后粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维分别比鲜柠条低18.76%、12.48%和12.92%;经过45 d饲养试验,试验组滩羊的试验末体重、累计增重和平均日增重分别比对照组高3.26 kg(P0.05)、2.48 kg(P0.05)和55 g(P0.05),胴体重和眼肌面积分别比对照组高2.11 kg和0.14 cm2,试验组比对照组每只多盈利82.27元。说明利用柠条包膜青贮饲料代替玉米秸秆黄贮饲喂滩羊,可缓解农牧区饲草料短缺问题,达到促进滩羊生长、提高增重效果、降低饲养成本、增加养殖效益的目的。     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊生产性能的影响。选择20只体重相近体况良好的3月龄滩羊羔羊。随机分为2组,每组滩羊10只(公羊5只,母羊5只)。试验组在饲喂基础饲粮的同时加4g/d过瘤胃蛋氨酸。结果表明,饲粮添加4g/d过瘤胃蛋氨酸可显著提高滩羊羔羊的体长增长幅度(P0.05),体高、胸围、管围增长幅度无显著差异(P0.05)。试验全期60d,饲粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸显著提高了滩羊羔羊的全期总增重,且平均日增重比对照组提高43.25%。说明,饲粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊的生产性能具有促进作用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.