金钻蔓绿绒组培再生体系的建立

以金钻蔓绿绒幼苗茎段为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及增殖培养的研究。结果表明:金钻蔓绿绒茎段在MS+6-BA 5.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基可成功诱导出愈伤组织,继而分化出不定芽;不定芽适宜增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 6.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,增殖倍数可达3.93;不定芽适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0mg/L,生根率可达100%,移栽30d后成活率达95%以上。     

Growth and regeneration of plantlets in callus cultures of pineapple

Callus cultures were established from the basal region of in vitro-obtained shoot buds on MS medium supplemented with CH + CW + NAA. Such callus cultures, when grown on MS medium devoid of any growth regulators, regenerated shoot buds and optimum regeneration was obtained on MS + CW (5% v/v) medium. Addition of BA did not enhance shoot bud regeneration, but two variants (albino types) were observed among the BA-induced regenerants. The callus-regenerated shoot buds produced multiple shoots when transferred to MS + NAA + IBA + K medium. The plantlets were induced to root on a modified White's medium + NAA + IBA and subsequently transferred to soil.     

嘉定白蒜脱毒微鳞茎诱导的快繁技术研究

以嘉定白蒜为试材,研究了不同茎尖脱毒方法与不同外植体启动培养基对嘉定白蒜无菌苗建立与脱毒率的影响、不 同增殖培养基与切割方式对潜伏芽激活与增殖的影响,以及组培苗分株等级标准与培养基配方对诱导组培微鳞茎形成的影 响。结果显示：带1 个叶原基的茎尖,在MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1 的培养基上成苗率高,达76%;采用单株 假茎去顶后,取其基部1.0 cm 假茎茎段,再沿中轴线对半纵切的方式,在MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.10 mg·L^-1 的培养基 上能较好地激活叶腋潜伏芽,增殖倍数达3.22;1 个叶原基包裹的芽原基茎尖脱毒成效最好,达100%;假茎茎粗3 mm 的组 培苗单株,在MS+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1+ 糖90 g·L^-1、pH 为7.0 的培养基中微鳞茎诱导率最高,达94.8%。茎尖脱毒方式、叶腋 潜伏芽激活切割方式和组培微鳞茎诱导的培养基配方,是嘉定白蒜脱毒与快繁的技术关键。     

新疆野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera)茎段与叶片培养及其植株再生

以新疆野生樱桃李为材料,研究了基本培养基、植物生长调节剂种类、浓度及配比、蔗糖浓度等多种因素对茎段腋芽萌发与生长、增殖以及叶片不定芽再生的影响,建立了其叶片再生体系。结果表明,1)植物生长调节剂组合IAA0.4mg/L+6-BA0.8mg/L较适合于樱桃李茎段腋芽的萌发与生长培养;2)正交试验筛选出不定芽的最佳增殖培养基为3/4MS+IAA0.5mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L;3)ZT诱导不定芽再生的效果好于6-BA,ZT1.5mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L为诱导不定芽再生的最适植物生长调节剂组合;4)暗培养为叶片不定芽再生的必要条件,在最适不定芽再生的培养基上,暗培养14d的不定芽再生效果最好;5)樱桃李不定梢的最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.4mg/L。     

赛娃草莓脱毒快繁关键技术研究

以新优草莓品种赛娃茎尖为试材进行组织培养繁苗试验,结果表明：0.2~0.3 mm大小茎尖最适宜培养,脱毒率100%,成苗率96%。茎尖分化培养基为MS＋6-BA1.0 mg/L＋NAA0.1 mg/L＋GA30.05 mg/L,增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5 mg/L＋NAA0.05 mg/L＋GA30.05 mg/L可以兼顾增殖与生根。GA3的加入能够促进增殖,提高小苗的生长速度,提高繁殖系数。叶片培养以不定芽增殖为主,叶柄不定芽诱导率高于叶片,由此建立起高效脱毒快繁体系,并总结出草莓的组培苗生产、驯化和移栽等系列关键技术。     

华东葡萄白河-35-1器官离体再生体系建立的研究

以华东葡萄株系白河-35-1(Vitis pseudoreticulata clone Baihe-35-1)的茎段和叶片为材料,通过器官发生途径研究了不同激素及浓度处理组合对华东葡萄白河-35-1无菌苗茎段和叶片诱导不定芽的影响。结果表明,通过调整不同的激素浓度组合和选择不同的外植体可以成功诱导出不定芽。较低的激素浓度组合有利于外植体不定芽的再生。所选用的外植体中,茎段比叶片更易诱导出不定芽。诱导出不定芽的最适激素组合为TDZ1mg·L-1+NAA0.05mg·L-1,其中茎段不定芽诱导率为12.8%,叶片不定芽的诱导率为3.3%。将不定芽置于MS基本培养基+0.2mg·L-1IBA培养基上培养,获得了完整植株。     

宁夏枸杞不同外植体离体培养芽形成的研究

研究了宁夏枸杞的不同外植体,不同取材时间及生长调节剂的使用对离体培养芽化形成的影响.结果表明:(1)就外植体而言,以茎尖为外植体的芽诱导率最高,平均达到65.2%,茎段次之,诱导率平均为44.2%,叶片不能诱导形成芽.(2)就取材时间而言,以5月份的取材对芽的诱导效果最好.(3)就生长调节剂而言,BA和KT在0.1～2.0 mg/L的浓度范围内,对芽的产生起促进作用,且以BA为1.0 mg/L时效果为最好,当BA或KT和IBA配合使用时,可提高芽的诱导率,以IBA 0.5 mg/L BA 1.0 mg/L的效果最佳.     

紫阳花组培繁殖技术研究

以紫阳花的茎段、茎尖、叶片为外植体,在MS培养基中加入不同质量分数的6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)进行增殖培养.结果表明:外植体表面灭菌是一个重要环节,适宜紫阳花外植体表面灭菌方法是:利用0.1％氯化汞(HgCl2)灭菌7min.不同类型的紫阳花外植体在初代培养时增殖效果不同,茎尖在培养过程中,首先伸长生长,然后陆续长出侧芽,表明紫阳花的茎尖是比较适合用来进行增殖培养的外植体.继代培养时以MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA0.1 mg/L为紫阳花较适宜的增殖培养基.紫阳花侧芽在1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L培养基中生根率和单苗根数量均较高,说明1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L为较好的不定根诱导培养基.     

野生茅莓快繁体系的初步建立

以野生茅莓枝条为试材,运用组织培养技术,对野生茅莓植株再生进行研究。结果表明:野生茅莓组织培养最佳取材季节是4月份,该时期外植体污染率最低;带有1个饱满腋芽的半木质化茎段是组织培养的理想外植体;带腋芽茎段最佳灭菌方式为75%乙醇30 s+0.5%NaClO 20 min;诱导侧芽的最适启动培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L+活性炭1.0 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7.5 g/L;芽的最适增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+活性炭1.0 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7.5 g/L;最适生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+活性炭1.0 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7.5 g/L。试管苗练苗移栽成活率为76.7%。     

Direct shoot organogenesis on shoot apex from seedling explants of Capsicum annuum L.

In vitro direct multiple shoot formation from seedling explants of Indian high pungent varieties of Capsicum annuum cv. Arka Abhir (AA) and Arka Lohit (AL) was successfully obtained. We were able to induce regeneration potency in these varieties by inverting the explant. Aseptically grown seedling explants with decapitated roots, apical meristem and cotyledonary leaves were inoculated in an inverted position in bud induction medium comprising of Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with 2-(N-morpholine) ethanesulphonic acid (MES) buffer along with 26.63 μM benzyl adenine (BA), 2.28 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 10 μM silver nitrate. Profuse shoot bud induction with 20–25 shoot buds per explant was obtained. Supplementation of phloroglucinol in the bud induction medium resulted in 17 and 18% enhancement in bud induction response in Arka Abhir and Arka Lohit variety, respectively on the inverted hypocotyls. Auxin transport inhibitor tri-iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) in the bud induction medium resulted in induction of buds in a shorter period of 40–45 days when compared to bud induction (BI) medium which takes 55–65 days for bud induction. These buds were transferred to MS medium containing 2.8 μM gibberellic acid and 10 μM silver nitrate resulting in elongation of shoot buds. Transfer of shoots to MS basal medium induced rooting to produce plantlets. This protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation and presumably also for regeneration of genetically transformed C. annuum tissues.     

达赛莱克特草莓离体培养快繁体系的建立

以达赛莱克特草莓品种的匍匐茎茎尖为起始材料,进行离体培养,分化出再生植株。通过试验,筛选出芽分化、继代增殖、生根的适宜培养基,系统的建立了草莓新品种较高频率的组培快繁体系。结果表明:以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.01mg/L培养基诱导产生不定芽,在MS+6-BA0.6mg/L+IBA0.06mg/L培养基上增殖系数较高,可达9.73倍,有效苗最多。用1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+NAA0.02mg/L+AC0.15%的生根培养基上,生根率高达100.00%。最佳练苗基质是腐殖土∶河沙为3∶1,移栽大田成活率达98%。     

兔眼蓝莓“灿烂”组织培养与植株再生研究

以兔眼蓝莓"灿烂"(‘Britewell’)当年生带腋芽半木质化茎段为外植体,研究了不同培养基、激素对兔眼蓝莓"灿烂"植株再生的影响。结果表明:WPM为适宜基本培养基;WPM+(0.5～1.0)mg/L ZT组合是最适的初代幼芽诱导培养基,诱导率达86%以上;WPM+0.1mg/LTDZ+0.1mg/L IBA组合是较合适的增殖培养基,增殖率可达5.48,继代培养宜以较低浓度的TDZ(0.02mg/L和0.05mg/L)交替使用为好;1/2WPM+1.0mg/L 6-BA是较理想的生根培养基组合,有效生根率达63.2%。     

黄桃新品种‘黄金魁’再生植株的获得

以黄桃新品种‘黄金魁’的带芽茎段为外植体,通过筛选不同的培养基,研究得出‘黄金魁’再生植株的最佳培养组合。结果表明:70%酒精表面消毒15s,无菌水冲洗3次,0.1%升汞处理10min的灭菌效果最好;芽诱导的适宜培养基为WPM+6-BA 2.0mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L;幼芽形成根的最佳培养基为WPM+IBA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,获得了‘黄金魁’桃的再生植株。该研究结果为黄桃的快速繁殖及育种奠定了基础。     

草莓脱毒及组培快繁研究

剥离培养0.3mm的草莓微茎尖,脱毒率可达100%.最佳芽诱导培养基为MS BA1.0mg/L;最佳继代培养基为MS十BA0.5mg/L;最佳生根培养基为MS BA0.1mg/L 活性碳1.0g/L.     

Plant regeneration of Fraxinus angustifolia by in vitro shoot organogenesis

The in vitro regeneration of Fraxinus angustifolia through bud/shoot organogenesis on embryonic explants was investigated. Embryo axes and cotyledons from mature seeds underwent adventitious regeneration after exposure to growth regulators, the embryo axes showing a greater regenerative potential than cotyledons. While the MS medium proved effective for the induction and initiation phases, it was inadequate for bud development, and was replaced by DKW medium. A constant supply of benzyladenine (BA) appeared essential for all phases. The gelling agents used had an important role in morphogenesis: Duchefa Gelrite positively affected the number of new buds per explant. The rooting of developed shoots was easily achieved on auxin-free WPM medium and most of the rooted plantlets “hardened” after a period of acclimation in a mist greenhouse.     

锥栗植株再生体系的建立

【目的】为了建立锥栗再生体系,【方法】以锥栗胚为外植体,分析不同基因型、基本培养基及激素组合对锥栗不定芽的诱导、增殖和生根的影响。【结果】结果表明,油榛是锥栗组织培养最佳的基因型;锥栗不定芽诱导的最适培养基为M(NH4NO3804 mg·L-1+KNO31011 mg·L-1+FeSO4.H2O 27.8 mg·L-1+1/2MS其余无机盐+MS有机)+6-BA 2.0mg·L-1+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1,其出芽率为76%;芽增殖的最佳培养基为M(同上)+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+IBA 0.1 mg·L-1,其增殖倍数达18;诱导生根的最佳培养基为M(同上)+IBA 0.5 mg·L-1,其生根率为48%。【结论】运用上述体系可获得完整锥栗再生植株。     

菊苣组织培养及植株再生

以普那菊苣叶柄为外植体进行组织培养试验,结果表明:菊苣叶柄在5种培养基上均可诱导出愈伤组织,总出愈率在90%以上,但分化效果因培养基的不同而有较大的差异.诱导愈伤组织及分化的最佳培养基为:MS KT 1.0 mg/L十NAA 0.2 mg/L;生根培养基为:MS IBA 0.2 mg/L.     

Factors affecting in vitro adventitious shoot formation on internode explants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian

The in vitro formation of newly formed adventitious buds and shoots from internodal branch segments was studied on 12-month-old plants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian. The effects of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments were evaluated on adventitious bud and shoot regeneration. High rates of bud initiation and shoot development were obtained both with BA supplemented medium, in the range from 1 mg L⁻¹ to 3 mg L⁻¹, and with 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA supplemented medium. NAA concentrations above 1 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced bud initiation and shoot elongation. The results obtained using different in vitro culture vessels such as Petri dishes, tubes and glass culture jars were compared. The highest adventitious bud induction was observed in Petri dishes for internodes cultured in 2 mg L⁻¹ BA supplemented medium, with 95% responsive explants forming 9.0 ± 2.4 adventitious buds. The adventitious buds observed in Petri dishes reached a maximum height of 1 mm, with no further development, while some of the adventitious shoots cultured in tubes and glass culture jars grew over 1 cm in height. A shoot regeneration gradient of the internodes collected along the branch axis was noticed, with basal ones exhibiting higher regeneration frequency.     

Plantlet formation in callus tissues of Anthurium andraeanum Lind.

A tissue culture method is described for the vegetative propagation of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. through callus tissue differentiation. The callus tissue was induced from excised embryos and young parts of adult plants, cultivated on a modified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with the cytokinin PBA. Optimum growth of callus tissue was obtained at 25°C in darkness, but the rate of growth was highly variable amongst callus clones obtained from different genotypes. Callus tissue could be subcultured and induced to form adventitious sprouts, especially in light. These sprouts regenerated roots on the basic culture medium. The first Anthurium clones have been transferred to pots and are now growing vigorously in the greenhouse.     

紫龙角愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的研究

以紫龙角的不同器官为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂浓度及组合、培养基、光照、外植体等因素对其愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体是不带腋芽茎块,在麦基1号+CH+6-BA 1.0～1.8mg/L+2,4-D 0.5～2.0mg/L的培养基上,暗培养6d时诱导率高达90%以上;质地紧密,有一定疏松度,是建立细胞无性系的优良材料。带腋芽茎块是直接诱导丛生芽的理想外植体,H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L培养基适合丛生芽生长、增殖诱导率达到91%。复壮增殖不定芽的培养基为改良的H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L;1/2MS+NAA 2.5mg/L是最佳生根培养基,每个不定芽平均有效根数最高为6.17个。