杨潜叶跳象卵期发育起始温度和有效积温的初步研究

通过在不同温度条件下，对杨潜叶跳象卵期进行饲养观察，经计算得出发育的起始温度为４．０６℃±０．６０℃，有效积温为６８．９６±３．０７ 日度。     

樟子松木蠹象有效积温研究初报

本文介绍了在自然变温和人工变温条件下，测定樟子松木蠹象（Pissodessp.）卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度和有效积温的方法。经测定，卵期发育起点温度和有效积温为10．63±0．38℃、80．17±7．61日度；幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温为11．63±1．32℃。201．69±37．63日度；蛹期发育起点温度和有效积温为13．58±0．94℃、93．99±10．18日度。并对有效积温研究结果进行了验证。     

杨潜叶跳象幼虫期和蛹期有效积温的初步研究

本文通过在不同的环境条件下 ,对杨潜叶跳象幼虫和蛹进行饲养观察 ,经计算得出幼虫期的发育起始温度为 6.32℃± 3.19℃ ,有效积温为 151.36± 33.4 3日度 ;蛹期的发育起始温度为 7.91℃± 1.84℃ ,有效积温为 12 1.84± 14.0 6日度     

光肩星天牛世代分化及有效积温的研究

该文研究了光肩星天牛 Anoplophora glabripennis(Motsch.)世代分化现象 ,测定了卵期、幼虫和蛹期及全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明 90 %左右个体为 1年 1代 ,1 0 %左右个体因卵孵化较迟 ,翌年有效积温仍未满足发育需要而形成 2年 1代。卵期、幼虫和蛹期及全世代发育起点温度分别为 1 1 .9± 1 .0 9℃、1 5 .2± 1 .87℃和 1 3.4± 0 .30℃ ,有效积温分别为 1 98.1± 1 5 .1 7日度、1 2 31 .89± 99.95日度和 1 2 6 4.2± 1 88.2 8日度     

柑桔褐带卷蛾(Adoxphy eseyrtosema Meyrick)有效积温的测定

通过对柑桔褐带卷蛾的人工饲养,得到其发育的历程,通过计算:卵期发育起点温度℃,有效积10.8温日度;幼虫发育起点温度为。℃,有效积温日度;蛹期发育起点温度℃,有效积温73.5955486.212.6104.3日度;成虫发育起点温度℃,有效积温日度;整个生活史的发育起点温度为℃,有效积温日19.022.712.3704度,通过相关系数的测验,证实了发育速率与温度的相关性。     

日本追寄蝇的发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

日本追寄蝇（Exorista japonica Townsend）是美国白蛾（Hyphantria cunea Drury）等多种鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）食叶害虫蛹期的重要寄生性天敌,本文对该蝇的发育起点温度和有效积温进行了观察,结果表明在18℃-30℃范围内,日本追寄蝇发育历期随温度的升高而缩短。卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期的发育起点温度分别为10.12℃、8.86℃、7.81℃、9.88℃,有效积温分别为59.89日·度、100.2日·度、189.47日·度、20.43日·度;全世代的发育起点温度为8.15℃,有效积温为383.25日·度。     

月斑鼓额食蚜蝇有效积温的研究

月斑鼓额食蚜蝇（ＳｃａｅｖａｓｅｌｅｎｉｔｉｃａＭｅｉｇｅｎ）是落叶松球蚜（ＡｄｅｌｇｅｓｌａｒｉｃｉｓＶａｌｌｏｔ）的重要天敌。１９９３年对其卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度和有效积温分别进行研究。结果表明，卵发育起点温度和积温分别为６．０４±１．６１℃和４０．５５±２．６２日度，１～２龄幼虫期分别为４．９１±４．８４℃和６８．０２±３５日度，３龄幼虫分别为９．５６±０．７４℃和３６．８１±９．７２日度，蛹期分别为８．０６±２．３５℃和４０．５１±２６．０８日度。     

枣树红蜘蛛在自然变温下有效积温的研究

该文对枣粮间作地中枣树红蜘蛛──截形叶螨的卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨４个虫期在自然变温下的有效积温进行了研究，结果表明，卵的发育起点温度１４．８±１．５６℃，有效积温为３９．３５６３日度；幼螨发育起点温度为１１．５±２．７３℃，有效积温为２７．８４日度；前若螨发育起点温度为１１．０±２．０８９℃，有效积温为４２．１３４７日度；后若螨发育起点温度为１２．８±１．８７℃，有效积温为３７．１日度；世代发育起点温度为１１．２±１．８３６℃，有效积温为１１６．２４４６日度。年发生１３代。     

杨扇舟蛾幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温研究

杨扇舟蛾clostera anachoreta fabricius完成幼虫期发育阶段所需的有效积温数不变。在自然变温条件下,本文对其幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温进行了初步研究。结果表明,杨扇舟蛾幼虫发育起点温度和有效积温分别为7.38±0.9（℃）和338.13±17.38（日度）。     

紫薇梨象在泰安地区发生期预测预报

紫薇梨象Pseudorobitis gibbus Redtenbacher是危害紫薇Lagerstroemia indica的重要害虫,可严重影响紫薇的观赏和经济价值,其发生期预测预报对于科学防控紫薇梨象具有重要意义。通过期距法、物候法和有效积温法对泰安地区紫薇梨象发生期进行了预测预报试验。结果表明:2015年运用期距法和物候法测定紫薇梨象各虫态发生的始盛末期结果与田间调查结果基本吻合,各虫态期距相对稳定。利用有效积温法测得紫薇梨象越冬蛹和卵的发育起点温度分别为(7.91±0.87)℃和(13.98±0.88)℃,有效积温分别为(116.18±4.79)度·日和(54.4±3.32)度·日,发育起点温度和有效积温指数趋势曲线与实测曲线基本拟合。     

松突圆蚧的发育起点温度与有效积温的测定

通过对松突圆蚧发育的起点温度和有效积温进行测定,结果表明,各虫期的发育起点温度分别为:1龄若虫6 912±0 2268℃,2龄若虫10 59±0 5329℃,蛹期11 27±0 9715℃,雌成虫期11 77±1 0422℃,整个生活史9 60±0 5387℃;有效积温分别为:1龄若虫205 04DD,2龄若虫165 53DD,蛹期76 31DD,雌成虫期381 24DD,整个生活史797 22DD。     

Artificial incubation of Great bustard (Otis tarda) eggs

A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997. Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4 (21–28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB ²) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (Id=24(w−y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36–37.8°C and 50–65%, respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.4±1.42×55.5±0.65 mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071 g in the incubation time, with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1.02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built,y=130.73−0.619x (x-incubation day,y-egg weight) r=−0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26). (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

Laboratory studies on the effect of temperature and humidity on the life table of the whitefly,Aleurotuberculatus takahashi David & Subramaniam (Hom., Aleyrodidae) from southeastern China

The present paper deals with developmental duration, emergence, longevity and fecundity ofAleurotuberculatus takabashi David & Subramaniam at different temperatures and humidity levels. The developmental time from egg to adult was 81.8, 56.9, 39.6, 29.9, 20.6 days at 15±1, 20±1, 25±1, 30±1, 35±1°C under constant relative humidity (RH) of 70±5%, respectively. At 25±1°C, the total developmental time was slightly affected by humidity, ranging from 46.4 days at 40±5% RH to 39.2 days at 90±5% RH. The developmental threshold and the thermal constant for the stage from egg to adult were 10.1°C and 542.8 day-degrees. It was estimated that the whitefly has about 10 generations a year in Fuzhou region in southeastern China. Lowest mortality rates of 12.4% for the egg, 6.8% for the nymph and 3.1% for the puparium were obtained at 15±1°C, while they were highest with 92.1% for the egg, 48.2% for the nymph and 36.3% for the puparium at 35±1°C. The mortality rates were slightly affected by humidity, ranging from 17.6% at 40±5% RH to 27.9% at 90±5% RH for the egg, 11.2% at 40±5% RH to 19.6% at 90±5% RH for the nymph, and 6.4% at 40±5% RH to 11.6% at 90±5% RH for the puparium. The emergence rate of adults decreased as temperature increased, ranging from 89.1% at 15±1°C to 21.5% at 35±1°C, so did the longevity of adults, ranging from 9.6 days at 15±1°C to 2.9 days at 35±1°C. The number of eggs per female was significantly affected by temperature (P.01), valuing 29.4 eggs per female at 15±1°C, 36.7 at 20±1°C, 52.4 at 25±1°C, 42.9 at 30±1°C, and 6.1 at 35±1°C. The optimal temperature for reproduction was about 25°C.     

杂交新品种黑青杨的生长、抗性调查研究

研究以杂交新品种黑青杨(Populus euramericana"N3016"×Populus ussuriensis)F1代雄性无性系为对象,对其生长、抗性进行了调查,结果表明,在齐齐哈尔地区11年生黑青杨单株平均树高、胸径和材积分别为15.05 m、16.19 cm和0.142 m3,分别超过对照品种小黑杨8.6%、14.8%和37.2%。对主要病害杨灰斑病、锈病、烂皮病、溃疡病及主要蛀干害虫青杨天牛、杨干象、潜叶跳象等抗性较强。该品种树干通直饱满,雄株不飞絮,适合作纸浆材等工业用材林、防护林及绿化树种。     

低温锻炼对冷胁迫下油茶幼苗光合速率与抗氧化酶活性的影响

以油茶品种"杂优闽1"为试验材料,以未经低温锻炼的油茶幼苗为对照,研究了油茶幼苗在(10±0.5)℃低温锻炼、(2±0.5)℃冷胁迫和常温恢复期间的光合速率和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:低温锻炼3 d可明显提高油茶幼苗的抗寒性;冷胁迫3 d,经低温锻炼后的油茶幼苗叶片净光合速率和相对含水量明显高于对照;且其在常温下的恢复也较对照迅速。在低温锻炼和冷胁迫期间,油茶幼苗叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量明显增加,且丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于对照;经低温锻炼的油茶幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性则均明显高于未经低温锻炼的油茶幼苗,说明渗透调节物质含量增加和保护酶活性增强在低温锻炼诱导油茶幼苗的抗寒性上发挥着重要的作用。     

云杉八齿小蠹在云杉内寄生为害期有效积温的测定

对云杉八齿小蠹寄生为害期有效积温的研究结果表明：云杉八齿小蠹自成虫蛀入寄主树皮下时开始至下一代新羽化的第1头成虫羽化后扬飞时止,其有效积温为195.415日度±10日度,发育起点温度为18.294℃±0.2℃,平均历时50.2 d。     

樟子松梢小卷蛾卵和蛹有效积温及发育起点温度的研究

文章介绍了在自然变温条件下,测定樟子松梢小卷蛾（Rhyacionia pinicolana（Doubleday））卵和蛹发育起点温度和有效积温的方法。经测定,蛹期发育起点温度及有效积温为：12.26士0.83（℃）,120.54土1.27（日度）,卵期发育起点温度及有效积温为：14.19土1.27（℃）;81.64土1...     

Temperature-dependent functional response of two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius colemani and Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), on the cotton aphid

The functional response of two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), was examined. Five constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C) and six host densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) were used during a 24-h period. At each temperature, 2–64 third-instar nymphs of A. gossypii were exposed to individual wasp mating pairs. A type II functional response model for both parasitoid wasps was fit separately for each temperature. The results showed that instantaneous attack rate (a) in A. colemani increased linearly as the temperature increases from 10 to 30°C, but in A. matricariae, (a) increased almost linearly with temperature to reach a maximum at 25°C, and then decreased at 30°C, displaying an asymmetrical dome-shaped pattern. The highest instantaneous attack rate for A. colemani and A. matricariae were calculated 0.940 ± 0.144 day⁻¹ at 30°C and 0.687 ± 0.157 day⁻¹ at 25°C, respectively. Handling time (T _h) for A. colemani was inversely proportional to temperature and ranged from 0.093 ± 0.026 day at 10°C to 0.032 ± 0.004 day at 30°C, but in A. matricariae, (T _h) was between 0.078 ± 0.015 day at 10°C and 0.036 ± 0.014 day at 20°C. A. colemani achieved higher parasitism rate than A. matricariae at higher temperatures. This observation suggests that A. colemani maybe more effective for biological control of the cotton aphid during warmer periods.     

白蜡吉丁啮小蜂蛹期发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

白蜡吉丁啮小蜂是蛀干害虫白蜡窄吉丁的重要寄生性天敌,寄生于寄主幼虫的体内,为人工聚殖和应用于生物防治,在7个温度梯度下观测了白蜡吉丁啮小蜂蛹的发育速率,并应用“最小二乘法”测得该小蜂蛹期的发育起点温度为（16．823±1．381）℃,有效积温为（78．851±0．442）日度。     

柠檬的茎尖培养和植株再生

试验以柠檬的嫩茎尖作外植体，通过组培育苗，培养出完整的柠檬瓶苗并移栽成活。最佳培养基分别为：改良ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡａ＋ＩＢＡｃ诱导茎尖；改良ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡｃ＋ＩＢＡａ培养不定芽增殖；改良ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡｃ＋ＡＢＴａ诱导生根。初次培养采用全暗条件；诱导、增殖阶段适宜温度２５±５℃；生根阶段适宜温度２０±５℃；培养基ｐＨ值均约５．８。结果表明：一个茎尖年繁殖系数为３１２个，移栽成活率达９０％以上。