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随着百姓生活水平的不断提高,农产品质量问题越来越受到人们的重视,"猪-沼-果"模式因此成为生态果园建设的一项重要技术措施得到大力推广,对实施"猪—沼—果"的果园所采用的技术措施进行认真总结,为该模式在闽西北地区的推广与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为提高土地产出率,2020年以早稻作为头季稻,开展头季稻、再生稻和冬马铃薯品种水旱轮作种植模式试验。结果表明:头季稻每667m2产量以农优90最高,达496.7 kg,比佳辐占(CK)显著增产7.19%;再生季每667m2产量也以农优90最高,达328.3 kg,但与CK差异不显著。冬马铃薯每667m2产量以闽薯1号最高,达3 278 kg,比费乌瑞它(CK)显著增产14.22%。分析农优90和闽薯1号品种组合的头季稻-再生稻-马铃薯水旱轮作种植模式的效益,每667m2纯利润达4 322元,说明选择适宜的品种搭配,对推广头季稻-再生稻-马铃薯水旱轮作种植模式具有广阔前景。 相似文献
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浙南山区景宁畲族自治县近年来为了加快发展效益农业,充分发挥当地自然资源优势,种植结构不断调整优化,由水田延伸到旱地,2000年以来,全县在海拔600米以下地区的澄照、鹤溪、外舍、渤海、陈村等地累计推广种植“春马铃薯-甘薯 玉米-蔬菜”三熟四收的高效栽培模式88.4hm^2,取得 相似文献
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随着传统农业向现代农业的转变,多种高效栽培模式不断涌现。该文从品种选择、茬口安排及栽培技术3个方面对拱棚毛豆——单季晚稻——油菜高效栽培模式进行了综述,进而加快该种植模式的推广和应用。 相似文献
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稻田养鱼是水稻种植与水产养殖有机结合的复合生产模式,不仅能提升稻田的产出附加值,还能产生一定的社会生态效益。总结了长汀县中稻—再生稻稻田养鱼模式下的水稻种植技术、鲤鱼养殖技术以及产生的经济效益。 相似文献
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1994~1999年,以四川稻茬麦在种植方式进行比较研究和生产示范表明,在小窝密植技术和免少耕技术基础上发展起来的小麦精量露播稻草覆盖栽培技术,具有明显的保温、调湿、改良和培肥土壤、抑制杂草和节本增产增收效应,实现了高产与简化高效、当季高产与稻田持续发展的有机结合。一般比旋耕机播栽培节约成本21.6%,增产10.1%,省工23.1%,增收35.4%;比撬窝点播栽培省工52.7%,增产3.9%,节本 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):207-224
Abstract Selecting effective weed management options requires biological, ecological, and economic information. This study compared model-based to standard-herbicide weed control in a corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation that had a long-term history of different tillage and weed management practices. The model integrates weed population dynamics, herbicide efficacies, and economic information to evaluate preplant incorporated (PPI) or preemergence (PRE) weed control options based on weed seed bank size and postem-ergence (POST) strategies based on weed seedling densities. There were fewer weeds in standard-herbicide compared with model-based treatments. No-tillage had the greatest numbers of weeds 3 out of 4 years. Soybean yield was reduced the first year of the study in several treatments receiving model-based weed control and the third year in all model-based treatments. Corn yields were greatest in reduced tillage. Resuits of using model recommendations to control weeds were mixed, with PRE recommendations being insensitive to a common cocklebur (Xan-thium strumarium L.) infestation. Our conclusions agree with those of others that the nature of the weed pressure may be a prevailing influence on the outcome of using weed control recommendations of bioeconomic models. 相似文献
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大豆竞争替代紫茎泽兰的种植模式研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为明确大豆与紫茎泽兰的种间竞争关系,探索紫茎泽兰替代控制的途径和策略,采用田间试验方法,研究土壤翻耕方式、紫茎泽兰的割除方式和大豆的种植密度等栽培方法对大豆和紫茎泽兰的竞争效应的影响,定量分析两者的株高和密度、对光照和水肥的竞争能力以及大豆的产量。结果表明:不翻耕、在紫茎泽兰空隙间点播大豆的处理区,紫茎泽兰为优势种群,大豆的生长和产量受到明显抑制。不翻耕、刈割紫茎泽兰后点播大豆的处理区,大豆为优势种群,对光照的竞争能力强,紫茎泽兰的发生密度和株高被显著抑制,对水肥的吸收显著降低,且随着大豆种植密度的增加,大豆产量显著增加,从2 113.66kg/hm2增加至2 885.62kg/hm2。旋耕处理区,紫茎泽兰的防除效果达到了100%,大豆的产量达到3 828.02~4 007.87kg/hm2。通过合理的栽培措施,大豆的竞争优势很强,可以有效替代紫茎泽兰,且产生较高的经济效益。 相似文献
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地膜覆盖技术的推广应用造成了土壤与环境的污染,对旱作农业的可持续性发展带来严重挑战。为了降低农业生产对土壤、环境的污染,探索寻求新型的绿色环保覆盖高效模式,通过运用粉碎秸秆来代替地膜,设置秸秆粉碎覆盖垄作侧播处理,与当地常规种植模式对比,研究了秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培对马铃薯产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培处理的保温保墒效果不及黑色全膜双垄侧播处理,但能明显提高马铃薯单株粒数和单株粒重,单株粒数提高0.4个/株,单株粒重提高0.05 kg/粒,从而明显提高大薯率,大薯率相比黑色全膜双垄侧播栽培模式提高6.0个百分点,进而提高马铃薯产量。秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培处理下产量最高,达到41339 kg/hm^2,较黑色全膜双垄侧播处理增产14.3%,较黑色半膜覆盖侧播处理增产28.1%,较露地穴播增产43.5%。因此,秸秆粉碎覆盖栽培是一项适宜半干旱区马铃薯生产种植的绿色环保覆盖高效栽培模式。 相似文献
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耕作培肥对冬小麦产量构成及叶片生理特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了明确豫中麦区合理的耕作培肥模式,研究了该麦区不同耕作深度(耕深30 cm、20 cm)、施无机肥(小麦专用肥,以下称"专用肥")、无机肥混有机肥(鸡粪和饼肥)对冬小麦产量构成和生理特性的影响.结果表明,各处理间单位面积穗数差异不显著,穗粒数差异显著.千粒重浅耕下专用肥配施鸡粪最高,深耕下专用肥配施鸡粪最低,差异极显著;理论产量处理间存在显著差异,深耕下专用肥配施饼肥最高,浅耕下施专用肥最低,耕作施肥对理论产量有显著影响(F=2.946*),施肥对理论产量影响显著(F=5.146*).灌浆中期不同耕作施肥处理对总叶绿素含量影响极显著(F=5.474**)、对NR活性影响极显著(F=7.46**)、对可溶性糖含量影响显著(F=6.168*),总叶绿素含量与NR活性和可溶性糖含量成负相关,与成熟期千粒重成正相关;NR活性与可溶性糖含量成正相关,与成熟期千粒重成负相关;可溶性糖含量与成熟期千粒重成正相关.本研究表明,深耕下专用肥配施饼肥是豫中麦区最好的耕作培肥方式. 相似文献
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Minimum tillage and vegetative barriers can conserve soil and water resources in the steep-sloping highlands of East Africa but there has been little adoption by smallholder farmers. Soil conservation efficiency and short-term economic benefits provided by tillage and vegetative barriers were assessed over four cropping seasons to understand performance under local farming conditions. Minimum tillage was compared with regular tillage and vegetative barriers (leucaena and Napier) with no barriers. Maize and soybean yields were greater with than without vegetative barriers, except with Napier barriers when minimum tillage was practiced where strong root competition occured. Cumulatively for the four cropping seasons, Napier barriers with regular tillage conserved most soil (72%) followed by Napier with minimum tillage (53%). The least soil (1%) was conserved for minimum tillage without barriers and leucaena barriers were intermediate in decreasing soil erosion. The highest positive marginal rate of returns (MRRs) were realized under leucaena barriers with regular tillage (2.09) followed by Napier with regular tillage (1.32). Minimum tillage without barriers had the lowest positive MRRs (0.08). Future increase in the price of key inputs would have greater depressive effect on the MRRs of Napier barriers with regular tillage than leucaena barriers with regular tillage. Minimum tillage without barriers was inefficient in soil conservation particularly when rainfall was intense and had poor MRRs. Leucaena barriers conserved less soil than Napier barriers but were more economically attractive, demonstrating a clear trade-off between soil erosion that is likely to impact crop yields in the long-term and short-term economic benefits. Napier barriers with regular tillage present a win-win scenario due to efficient soil conservation and attractive economic returns provided future prices of labour and Napier cuttings remain stable. 相似文献