鸡传染性腺胃病的研究进展

1995年以来 ,江苏、山东等地鸡群相继发生了一种以腺胃肿大、腺胃乳头溃疡为特征的传染病 ,习惯称为“鸡传染性腺胃病”,临床上也经常有类似病例。为了在生产实践中能给予正确的诊断和防治 ,现就有关资料综述如下。1　病　原该病病原 ,至今仍众说纷纭 ,具体有几种观点 :腺胃型传染性支气管炎病毒、呼肠弧病毒 (Reovirus,REO)、网状内皮组织增生病病毒 (Reticuloendotheliosis,REV)等。1 .1　腺胃型传染性支气管炎病毒 (即冠状病毒 )　王永坤 (1 996 )、王玉东 (1 997)等先后从鸡传染性腺胃病的病料中分离到了冠状病毒 ,认为该病原是 IB…     

鸡传染性腺胃病的流行情况调查

鸡传染性腺胃病即腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎(IB),是一种由冠状病毒引起的鸡传染性支气管炎的新病变型疾病。本病最早由扬州大学农学院王永坤教授等人所发现,并分离和鉴定病原。首先发生于江苏的海安、东台、盐城及山东、山西等省市的部分鸡场和养鸡户,且以良种蛋鸡(如罗曼、迪卡等)为主,而其它品种的鸡发病未见报道。近两年来在禽病门诊中,发现一些地区的“地方黄鸡”有发病和流行,现将调查的有关情况报道如下,以便引起同行的重视。     

肉鸡腺胃炎的防治

肉鸡腺胃炎指发生于商品肉鸡的以临床采食量降低、消化不良,剖检主要病变为肌胃角质层靡烂、腺胃肿大为特征的疾病。1病原本病的病原较多,有报道称,在腺胃病变中观察及     

鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗(D971P株)免疫效果好

<正> 鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)是由传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,在世界范围内广泛流行。根据临床与组织嗜性通常可分为呼吸型、肾病变型和腺胃病变型三种类型。自1995年以来,腺胃病变型IB在我国部分省(市)流行,造成巨大的经济损失,为了控制肾型、腺胃病变型IB的发生和流行,中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所研制出鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗(D971P株),技术特点主要有以下几个方面。1.该疫苗具有自主知识产权中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所科研究员荣骏弓等从国内发病鸡群中分离到的腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV-D971株)并进行了系统鉴定,该成果"腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定"于2003年1月20日通过了农业部成果鉴定,获中国农业科学院科技进步2等奖。利用该病毒(IBV-D971株)在SPF鸡胚上连续传105代,培育出     

鸡传染性腺胃炎病原的分离鉴定

河北省某个体户蛋用种鸡场连续孵化出的７批海赛商品雏鸡共６万余只，在３０－８０日龄时发生一种以极度消瘦、腺胃肿大为特征的疾病。采集发病鸡的腺胃进行病原分离鉴定，从中分离出传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）。将发病鸡的腺胃匀乳剂及第５代鸡胚分离物接种ＳＰＦ鸡，结果用鸡腺胃匀尔剂接种的了与自然病鸡盯同的临床症状，而用第５代鸡胚分离物接种的鸡未能复制出胃肿大病例。取各接种绥鸡血清进行了１７种相关病原抗体检测，结     

鸡传染性腺胃病病原的分离与鉴定

自1996年以来，在江苏、山东和浙江等许多省IB免疫鸡群中发生了与腺胃病变有关的传染病，发病日龄在21～90日龄左右，病鸡极度消瘦、呼吸困难、拉稀并发生死亡，以腺胃肿大如球状，腺胃壁增厚，腺胃黏膜出血、溃疡，胰腺肿大、出血为主要病理特征，发病率可达100％，死亡率为3％～95％不等，给养鸡户造成了重大的经济损失。本文对山东泰安某地区自然发病的鸡群进行了病原分离，并对该病原的一些特性进行了研究。     

雏鸡大肠杆菌病的病原分离鉴定

对洛阳某蛋鸡场发生的以雏鸡腺胃发黑为剖检特征的病例进行调查,根据发病情况、病理剖检变化、细菌分离鉴定及病毒学实验室方法诊断,证实引起雏鸡腺胃发黑的病原为致病性大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果显示:该菌对环丙沙星、卡那霉素、庆大霉素高度敏感;对红霉素中度敏感;对链霉素、青霉素、恩诺沙星等产生耐药性。通过及时做出诊断,采取相应的治疗措施,使该病得到有效的控制。本文对病例的诊断、病原分离鉴定及治疗过程进行介绍,为该病的防控提供参考。     

鸡传染性支气管炎腺胃病变型毒株免疫原基因的分离鉴定

以腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分离株Ｈ９５提取的ＲＮＡ为模板，按ＩＢＶＢｅａｕｄｅｔｅ株Ｓ１基因两侧对应序列，设计一对２７ｂｐ引物，引物间跨幅为１７Ｋｂ。用反转录聚梧酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）获得与预期大小一致的核酸片段。ＲＴＰＣＲ产物凝胶电泳后，Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹，经Ｓ１探针检测呈阳性，表明获得分离株Ｈ９５Ｓ１基因。从核酸水平说明以腺胃病变为特征的分离毒Ｈ９５为传支新出现的变异株。此结果与我们血清学鉴定结果一致。     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的防治

鸡传染性腺胃炎以侵害仔鸡为主，又称腺胃型传支。表现为饲料报酬降低，生长缓慢和运动障碍等。容易被广大的养殖户忽视，可造成无形的经济损失。 1 病原目前，关于本病的病原众说纷云，有报道称，在腺胃病变中观察及分离到的病毒有多种，如传染性支气管炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒等。多数学者认为是呼肠孤病毒。     

鸡传染性腺胃病（暂定名）的研究进展

自１９９５年以来，在江苏、山东、安徽、山西、北京、广东、四川、大连相继发现一种鸡腺胃病［１、２］，疫区鸡群发病率为３０％－５０％，致死率为３０％左右，２０－１００日龄鸡死亡率可达７０％以上，病变以生长阻滞，腺胃肿大、出血，胸腺和法氏囊萎缩等为特征，常被误诊为马立克氏病、慢性新城疫或维生素Ｅ和硒缺乏症等。Ｇｏｏｄｗｉｎ［３］曾在自然病例的腺胃组织超薄切片中发现有病毒存在，并首次提出了传染性病毒性腺胃炎的概念，但病毒分离未获成功。１９９６年王永坤等［４］首次分离出病毒并鉴定后，将病名定为“鸡传染性腺…     

鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎的病理变化

对１９９５年以来在江苏一些县市养鸡场和养鸡专业户蛋鸡群发生的鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎的自然病例和人工感染病例进行了系统的病理学观察。自然病例和人工感染病例的病理变化基本相同。其主要眼观病理变化为腺胃显著肿大,小肠充血、出血和炎症;主要组织学变化为腺胃粘膜充血、出血、炎性水肿和浅层坏死,小肠粘膜急性炎症变化,肝、心、肾等实质细胞变性以至局灶性坏死,脾、胸腺及法氏囊的淋巴组织萎缩。     

鸡腺胃病变型传染性支气管炎病毒感染试验

本文采用腺胃病变型传染性支气管炎患病鸡的腺胃病料和H95株分离株尿囊液毒,对不同品种、不同日龄的易感鸡,采用不同的感染途径进行感染,对其增重、死亡等数据进行统计分析,结果表明:供试不同品种的鸡在不同的感染途径下,采用腺胃病料和鸡胚尿囊液毒分别感染,均可引起不同程度的感染发病,并出现和自然病例相同的症状和典型的病理变化。随日龄的增长,其易感率和死亡率呈下降趋势。从感染死亡鸡中可重新回收到相应的病毒,发病耐过的鸡可产生特异性抗体。     

鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗(D971p株)的研究

从国内发病鸡群中分离到传染性支气管炎（嗜腺胃型）病毒（IBV-D971株），在SPF鸡胚上连续传至120代，培育出IBV-D971p弱毒株。用该毒株制备活疫苗，经安全、效力等试验证明具有较高的免疫保护率和安全性，能有效的预防腺胃型、肾型鸡传染性支气管炎。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒D971分离株与M41株、T株接种鸡的病理形态学比较研究

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒D971分离株感染SPF鸡后主要表现为消瘦、稀便、伴有轻微的呼吸症状；剖检可见腺胃乳头肿胀、充出血、或乳头凹陷，并附有大量黏液；组织学观察可见腺胃黏膜上皮和固有层有坏死、脱落或溃疡，个别病例见有淋巴样细胞浸润，肌胃黏膜有中度坏死，伴有少量淋巴样细胞浸润，实质器官细胞变性、坏死，脾、胸腺及法氏囊的淋巴细胞有较为明显的坏死。M41株和T株感染SPF鸡后，其腺胃变化不明显。     

The anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the avian proventriculus and ventriculus.

Diseases affecting the proventriculus and ventriculus often present with similar clinical signs. It is important for the avian practitioner to be familiar with these diseases, their prevalence, and the species most commonly affected to judiciously prioritize the appropriate diagnostic techniques. A basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the proventriculus and ventriculus is useful in integrating the pathophysiology and clinical signs associated with variable disease processes. It is also essential to evaluate radiographs and endoscopic images, perform diagnostic techniques, make a diagnosis, and provide appropriate therapy.     

Characterization of three infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China associated with proventriculus in vaccinated chickens.

Outbreaks of an avian disease in infectious bronchitis-vaccinated chickens in China have led to the characterization of coronaviral isolates Q1, J2, and T3, which were isolated from proventricular tissues of the affected young layer flocks. Serologic analysis revealed that they could induce high titers of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antibodies in inoculated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but were not neutralized by antisera specific to the IBV serotype M41 and the Australian T strain. In a pathogenicity experiment, the clinical signs and related gross lesions resembling those of field outbreaks were reproduced in SPF chickens, and viruses were reisolated from the damaged tissues, including trachea, proventriculus, duodenum, and cecal tonsil. Sequence data demonstrated the complete S1 amino acid sequences of these isolates were almost identical despite recovery from geographically different areas in China and had 47.3%-82.3% similarity in comparison with the 47 published S1 sequences. On the basis of genotyping and limited serology, the three isolates, which were responsible for field outbreaks of the disease, might be a new IBV variant.     

鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎（综述）

1996年9月份以来，中国青岛及附近地区养鸡场20－90日龄蛋用育成鸡连续发生了一种以流泪，肿眼，伴有呼吸道症状，极度消瘦，拉稀，死亡为特征的一种新的呼吸道传染病。主要剖检表现为腺胃肿大如球状，腺胃壁增厚，腺胃粘膜出血溃疡，腺胃乳头平整融合，轮廓不清，可挤出脓性分泌物的腺胃炎症变化。本病病原通过鸡胚盲传5－6代，电镜观察到典型的冠状病毒。因为引起腺胃的特征性的病理变化，因此将此病暂定名为腺胃型传染性支气管炎。我们青岛地区鸡场的分离株定为QXIBV株。本篇从病原学、临床症状、发病机理和流行病学、免疫学、实验诊断和疾病控制方面进行综合论述。本病与肠型传支在理化特性、形态和毒力上相似，可能是同一种新的IBV变异株。     

Viral and bacterial agents associated with experimental transmission of infectious proventriculitis of broiler chickens.

Proventriculitis of broilers can be reproduced by oral inoculation of day-old chicks with a proventricular homogenate from affected 3-wk-old broilers. The objective of the following studies was to isolate from this homogenate viral and bacterial isolates that could produce proventriculitis. A monoclonal antibody to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was used to precipitate virus from the homogenate. A primary chicken digestive tract cell culture system was also used to isolate virus from a 0.2-microm filtrate of the homogenate, and a bacterium was also isolated from the homogenate. In trial 1, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either proventriculus homogenate or monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated IBDV (MAB-IBDV). At 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (PI), 12 birds from each treatment group were subjected to necropsy. In trial 2, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either infectious proventriculus homogenate, suspect virus isolated in cell culture and propagated in embryo livers and spleens, or a bacterial isolate. Twelve birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 PI. In trial 3, treatments were maintained in negative pressure isolation chambers, and an additional treatment included virus plus bacterial isolate. Twenty-four birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at day 21 PI. In trial 1, infectious homogenate decreased body weight and relative gizzard weights at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days PI. Proventriculus relative weight was increased at days 7, 14, and 21 PI, and proventriculus lesion scores were increased at days 14 and 21 PI. Bursa/spleen weight ratios were decreased at day 14, and feed conversion was increased at days 4 and 21. The MAB-IBDV treatment decreased proventriculus and gizzard relative weights at day 4 PI, increased proventriculus lesion scores and bursa/spleen weight ratios at day 14, and decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratios at day 21. In trial 2, all infected birds had significantly higher mean relative proventriculus weights at 21 days PI and had higher 4-wk mean proventriculus scores as compared with both control groups. In trial 3, birds treated with homogenate and birds treated with both suspect virus and the bacterial isolate had significantly higher proventriculus lesion scores; higher relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, liver, and heart; lower body weights; and lower relative bursa weights compared with the saline control group. These studies suggest that infectious proventriculitis has a complex etiology involving both viral and bacterial infection.     

种蛋中常见禽病的抗体监测与种蛋质量控制

用卵黄提取液检测9种常见禽病抗体，评估种蛋质量取得良好效果。     

Strong antiviral activity of heated and hydrated dolomite--preliminary investigation

Heated and hydrated naturally occurring dolomite showed very strong antiviral activity. Infectivity of avian and human influenza, avian infectious bronchitis (coronavirus), Newcastle disease (paramyxovirus) and avian laryngotracheitis (herpesvirus) viruses dropped at least 1,000 fold following contact with the dolomite for five minutes at 4 degrees C. Dolomite is expected to be useful to inhibit the incidence of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.