利用TB_PCR试剂盒对牛结核病的检测

应用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术制备的ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ试剂盒对来自新疆６个牛场的２３８份血样、奶样、口腔分泌物标本中结核分枝杆菌进行检测,结果显示：ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ试剂盒对４０份奶样样本进行检测,７头为阳性,阳性检出率１７．５％。ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ试剂盒对１７８份血样标本的检测,２３头牛为阳性,阳性检出率为１２．９２％。ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ试剂盒对２０份口腔分泌物标本中结核分歧杆菌检测结果均为阴性。本试验中共计检测６个牛场的２３８份不同标本的ＰＣＲ阳性牛共计２７头,阳性检出率为３．０２％。将ＰＣＲ和传统的ＰＰＤ检测方法的结果比较显示ＰＰＤ检出阳性率高于ＰＣＲ,ＰＰＤ检出阳性牛３９头,检出阳性率６．７％。本试验对口腔分泌物标本的检测结果不理想。总之,ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ试剂盒在检测牛结核病不同标本中显示出快速、特异等优点。为今后牛结核病的检测     

PCR、斑点杂交及间接免疫荧光试验对鸡传染性贫血病临床诊断的应用比较

应用能特异性扩增出鸡传染性贫血病毒（ Ｃ Ａ Ｖ） ０５８ ｋｂ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 的已知引物，对江苏某地区疑为 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ感染的 １５～３０ 日龄病鸡的肝 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 样品进行了 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增。结果，在被检的 ２０ 份样品中，有 ６ 份为 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 阳性，阳性率 ３０％ 。利用地高辛标记的 ０８５ ｋ ｂ 的 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 核酸探针对相同样品进行斑点杂交，结果与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增相同。对应的病鸡血清经间接免疫荧光试验（ Ｉ Ｉ Ｆ Ａ）发现，有 ７ 份为 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 抗体阳性，与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增结果的符合率为 ７７％ 。初步结果表明，江苏某地区存在 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 感染， Ｉ Ｉ Ｆ Ａ 与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 的结果有差异     

聚合酶链反应,病毒分离和血凝试验检测犬粪样中细小病…

对聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）特异性扩增犬细小病毒（ＣＰＶ）衣壳基因的诊断方法与用Ｇｒａｎｄｅｌｌ猫肾细胞（ＣＲＦＫ）或Ｍａｄｉｎ－Ｄａｒｂｙ犬肾细胞（ＭＤＣＫ）分离病毒和能被ＣＰＶ特异性抗血清抑制的粪便血凝（ＨＡ）试验进行了比较；ＰＣＲ检测的５９例粪样中有１例假阴性（１．７％）。它与用ＭＤＣＫ细胞分离病毒同样敏感，而比用ＣＲＦＫ细胞分离病毒或ＨＡ试验更敏感。这些结果表明，ＰＣＲ可作为粪样ＣＰＶ检测的常     

牛结核病PCR诊断试剂盒的检测试验

应用自制牛结核病PCR诊断试剂盒对贵州省某奶牛场共计150份血样、奶样标本中结核分枝杆菌进行检测,结果显示:PCR试剂盒对111份奶样标本进行检测,8份为阳性,阳性检出率7.2%;PCR试剂盒对39份血样标本的检测,12份为阳性,阳性检出率为30.76%。本试验共计检测贵阳附近某奶牛场1 200头份奶牛,先采用PPD检测牛结核病阳性牛和可疑牛,再用PCR法进行检测,PCR检出阳性牛共计20头份,阳性检出率为1.67%;PPD检出阳性牛24头份,检出率为2%。总之,PCR试剂盒在检测牛结核病不同标本中显示出快速、特异等优点,这为今后牛结核病的检测工作提供了一条新途径。     

PCR方法检测奶牛粪便中鼠隐孢子虫

从含有鼠隐孢子虫卵囊的奶牛粪便中,直接提取 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 用作 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 模板,用 １ 对人工合成的寡核苷酸作为 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 引物,扩增大小为 ５４０ ｂｐ 的特异片段。 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物经电泳鉴定,表明可从含隐孢子卵囊的奶牛粪便标本 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 抽提物中扩增出目的片段,而其他几种寄生虫及阴性对照均不能扩增出特异片段。本方法的敏感性最低可检测到含卵囊 ４００ 个／ｍ Ｌ 的样本,具有敏感性高、特异性强的特点。     

筛选家蚕分子标记的有效方法—SADF法

从家蚕品种 Ｃ１０８ 和大造后部丝腺提取的基因组 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 用 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ酶解后与自行设计的人工接头相连，并用与人工接头序列相匹配的选择性引物进行选择性 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增（ Ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅ Ａｍ ｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ） 。扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测显示，用 Ｓ Ａ Ｄ Ｆ 法在两品种中能检测到稳定的 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 多态性片段，表明此方法可用于分子标记的筛选。经研究发现：当 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 反应体系中 Ｍｇ２ ＋ 为１５ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ，ｄ Ｎ Ｔ Ｐｓ 为２００μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ，引物为１μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ 时可得到较好的结果；在热循环过程中，以５６ ℃退火为宜；扩增反应对模板 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 质的要求远胜于量。     

用PCR技术从同一兔出血症病料扩增和检出2种病毒核酸

应用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 和 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 技术，对兔出血症病毒核酸作了鉴定。分别设计合成 ２ 对 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增特异性引物，即按兔出血症病毒中国分离的 Ｎ Ｊ株核酸序列合成 １ 对引物（ Ｎ Ｊ引物），按德国分离的 Ｆ Ｒ Ｇ 株核酸序列合成另 １ 对引物（ Ｆ Ｒ Ｇ 引物），进行 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 和 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ。从纯化的病毒核酸样品和感染 Ｄ Ｊ Ｒ Ｋ 细胞的病毒核酸样品中，均扩增出 ２ 对引物范围内的特异性核酸片段， Ｎ Ｊ引物扩增产物为 ３６４ ｂｐ， Ｆ Ｒ Ｇ 引物扩增产物为 ５１３ｂｐ。模板用 Ｒ Ｎａｓｅ 消化后，仍出现 ３６４ ｂｐ 带，用 Ｄ Ｎａｓｅ Ｓ１ 消化，则此带消失；反之，用 Ｄ Ｎａｓｅ Ｓ１ 消化，出现５１３ ｂｐ 带，用 Ｒ Ｎａｓｅ 消化，则此带消失，证实前者模板为 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ，后者为 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ。 Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交试验证实， Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ扩增出的核酸片段与各自的地高辛标记特异性探针发生强阳性杂交反应。由此认为，在兔出血症病毒感染中，同时存在着 ２ 种不同核酸型的病毒。     

逆转录—聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测轮状病毒

为了给轮状病毒感染的诊断和流行病学研究提供更为敏感和可靠的手段,选取Ａ组轮状病毒ＶＰ７基因上的２段高度保守序列作为引物,在优化逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）条件的基础上,建立了检测轮状病毒的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法。通过对比试验,确定了ＰＣＲ的最优模式：９４℃变性１ｍｉｎ→５５℃退火１ｍｉｎ→７２℃延伸２ｍｉｎ,３０个循环后再在７２℃下延伸１０ｍｉｎ。用此模式进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的特异性和敏感性试验。检测的６株轮状病毒分离株（牛ＨＮ－７、ＢＲＶ００７、ＢＲＶ０１４、ＢＲＶ６５５５、猪Ｌｉ９９、Ｎａｎ８６）及２株参考株（牛ＮＣＤＶ、猴ＳＡ１１）,都能扩增出唯一的３４２ｂｐ的目的条带;对猪流行性腹泻病毒（ＰＥＤＶ）及传染性胃肠炎病毒（ＴＧＥＶ）感染猪的粪样、正常ＭＡ１０４细胞检测结果均呈阴性;检测的敏感度可达１ｐｇ水平。对４０份猪、牛、兔的腹泻粪样检测,３０份呈阳性,而用作平行对照的夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测,有２５份呈阳性,两者符合率为８７．５％。两法检测不符的５份粪样的ＰＣＲ扩增产物,用地高辛标记探针进行了斑点杂交,结果均呈阳性,表明ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法比ＥＬＩＳＡ法敏感性高。     

应用淋巴细胞刺激试验诊断麋鹿结核病

用６种抗原制剂，通过单独或配对，用淋巴细胞刺激试验（ＬＳＴ）检测感染牛结核分枝杆菌麋鹿群血液样品四个。这些麋鹿屠宰后，采集组织进行结核分枝杆菌培养。ＬＳＴ与牛结核分枝杆菌纯化蛋白衍生物（ＰＰＤ）和副结核分枝杆菌ＰＰＤ比较，具有极高的敏感性和特异性，其敏感性达７６％，具有６３￣８５％置信度（ＣＬ）；特异性达７７％（ＣＬ７２－８１％），仅用于结核分枝杆菌ＰＰＤ抗原，ＬＳＴ的敏感性为７０％（ＣＬ５７￣８     

PCR方法快速检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

本试验建立了一种快速检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的通用性 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法。通过对纯化后 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ核蛋白基因进行直接 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ及套式 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增表明,两次 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物的大小为０．７ ｋｂ 和０．５ ｋｂ,与实际设计相符。而对照的 Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ 及 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 的 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增产物均为阴性。用 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ Ｈ Ｂ株感染 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡后,应用我们所建立的 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法去检测不同时期所采集的肾脏、气管、盲肠扁桃体、肺脏和肝脏中的 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ,在 Ｓ Ｐ Ｆ鸡感染 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ后的２１ ｄ 仍然能够检测到 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ 的基因组, Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 杂交试验证明了我们获得的 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物为 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ 的核蛋白基因。该 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 检测方法比免疫荧光抗体（ Ｆ Ａ）法更具敏感、特异、快速等特点,完全适用于不同来源及不同血清型 Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ 的检测。     

应用TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测牛分枝杆菌

为建立快速检测牛分枝杆菌(M.bovis)的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,本研究以GenBank登录的M.bovis特有229 bp基因为研究对象,设计并合成引物及探针。该方法具有较好的特异性,与标准质控菌株呈阳性反应,与其他微生物样品呈阴性反应;灵敏性最低检测值可达1 pg/mL;对20阳性临床样品进行荧光定量PCR检测,均为阳性;而对培养为阴性的20份临床样品进行检测,6份为阳性。该研究结果表明,建立的方法特异性强,敏感性高,稳定性好,能够用于M.bovis的鉴别检测,对牛分枝杆菌病的快速检测和早期诊断具有重要意义。     

奶牛结核病两种检测方法的比较试验

采用自制的牛结核病PCR快速诊断试剂盒,对某奶牛场100头份奶牛奶样进行检测,检出阳性牛16头;采用结核菌素皮内注射法（PPD）检出阳性牛17头,结果符合率为94.11％.用牛结核病PCR快速诊断试剂盒检测所需时间为6h,显示其快速、特异等优点,为今后牛结核病的检疫工作提供了1个新方法.     

牛分枝杆菌特异性PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据已发表的牛分枝杆菌的pncA的基因序列，设计和合成了一对可扩增294bp目的片段的引物，建立了特异性检测牛分枝杆菌的PCR方法。对牛分枝杆菌国际参考株和国内分离株成功扩增出294bp的特异性基因片段；对人结核分枝杆菌、副结核分枝杆菌、鸟胞内分枝杆菌和草分枝杆菌DNA的PCR扩增结果均为阴性。本PCR方法检测的敏感度可达到50pg。对10份牛分枝杆菌培养阳性和10份阴性样品的DNA分别进行了PCR检测，结果10份阳性样品中有9份样品为PCR扩增阳性，阳性符合率为90％（9／10）；而10份阴性样品则PCR扩增全部为阴性，阴性符合率为100％（10／10）。本方法可做为牛分枝杆菌的快速检测和流行病学调查的工具。     

Development of a semi-nested PCR for the improved detection of Mycoplasma bovis from bovine milk and mucosal samples

A new forward primer, Mb-F, was designed to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of the Mycoplasma bovis-specific PCR developed by Ghadersohi et al. [Vet. Microbiol. 56 (1997) 87] for testing clinical samples. A semi-nested (SN) PCR configuration was developed and this provided enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility. The detection limit of the SN PCR was in the range of 10-100cfu/ml and the correct amplicon was amplified from 9.15pg/microliter of total extracted DNA (mixture of M. bovis and bovine cellular DNA). A dot blot assay was also developed and compared with the SN PCR on a number of randomly selected milk and mucosal samples. The dot blot had the same level of detection as the SN PCR. The specificity of the SN configuration was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and automated sequencing of the PCR product. The results from the tests on the samples from cattle, together with those from sheep, provided evidence that M. bovis is host-specific and that most cattle are colonised. The assay was shown to be specific, sensitive and reproducible and could be used successfully to detect M. bovis directly from clinical material without pre-enrichment.     

牛分枝杆菌抗原MPB70、MPB83和ESAT-6的融合表达及重组蛋白的初步应用

应用PCR方法从牛分枝杆菌Vallee株基因组中扩增获得mpb70、mpb83和esat-6三个目的基因片段。采用重叠延伸剪接技术(splicing by overlap extension,SOE)获得融合基因mpb70-mpb83后,将mpb70-mpb83和esat-6串连于同一表达载体pET32a( )中得到重组质粒pET70-83-E6。转化BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌感受态后,经IPTG诱导以可溶的形式表达融合蛋白。用Ni2 亲合层析的方法纯化该融合蛋白。Western blot分析显示:该融合蛋白能与抗牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生特异性反应,而与牛副结核病阳性血清不反应。用该纯化蛋白初步建立了间接ELISA方法,并检测了117份临床血清样本(其中67份为PPD阳性牛血清),阳性率为39.32%(46/117)份,与PPD皮试诊断的符合率为82.05%(96/117)。     

Development of a real-time PCR for detection of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine milk and lung samples.

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using hybridization probes on a LightCycler platform was developed for detection of Mycoplasma bovis from individual bovine mastitis milk and pneumonic lung tissues. The detection limit was 550 colony forming units (cfu)/ml of milk and 650 cfu/25 mg of lung tissue. A panel of bovine Mycoplasma and of other bovine-origin bacteria were tested; only M. bovis strains were positive, with a melting peak of 66.6 degrees C. Mycoplasma agalactiae PG2 was also positive and could be distinguished because it had a melting peak of 63.1 degrees C. In validation testing of clinical samples, the relative sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99.3% for individual milks and 96.6% and 100% for the lung tissue. Using M. bovis real-time PCR, the M. bovis culture-positive milk samples were estimated to contain between 5 x 10(4) and 7.7 x 10(8) cfu/ml and the M. bovis culture-positive lungs between 1 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(9) cfu/25 mg. Isolation, confirmed with the real-time PCR and colony fluorescent antibody test, showed that at the herd level, the proportion of samples positive for M. bovis isolation in mastitis milk samples submitted to the Mastitis Laboratory, Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, was 2.4% (5/201). We conclude that this probe-based real-time PCR assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method to identify M. bovis infection in bovine milk and pneumonic lungs.     

A one-tube nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of mycobacterium bovis in spiked milk samples: an evaluation of concentration and lytic techniques.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a one-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (OTN PCR) with 5 concentration and lytic treatments for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally inoculated milk samples (spiked samples). OTN PCR and the following treatments were tested in inoculated samples: 1) centrifugation; 2) C18-carboxypropylbetaine + capture resin 1 + Proteinase K (CB18-CH-PK); 3) centrifugation + capture resin 1 + Proteinase K; 4) centrifugation + capture resin 2 + Proteinase K; and 5) centrifugation + immunomagnetic separation (IMS). The OTN PCR and the 5 treatments were evaluated in 2 different sets of spiked milk samples. One set consisted of 10-fold serial dilutions of a phenol-killed M. bovis in milk to final concentrations ranging from 5 to 50,000 cells/ml of milk. The other set of samples consisted of 2.5 serial dilutions of milk spiked with M. bovis to final concentrations ranging from 20.5 to 5,000 cells/ml of milk. Each treatment was repeated 5 times at each cell concentration. CB18-CH-PK and IMS were significantly more sensitive than other treatments. The lowest detection limit for these techniques was 20-50 cells/ ml of spiked milk. The specificity of OTN PCR in this study was high as demonstrated by the lack of DNA amplification products when M. bovis cells were not present in the samples. [The OTN PCR used in conjunction with CB18-CH-PK or IMS could be effectively used as a diagnostic and/or screening test for the detection of M. bovis in milk from herds with bovine tuberculosis.]     

Babesia bovis and B. bigemina DNA detected in cattle and ticks from Zimbabwe by polymerase chain reaction

From blood collected from 94 cattle at 12 locations in the eastern and northeastern areas of Zimbabwe, DNA was extracted and analysed by polymerase chain reaction with primers previously reported to be specific for Babesia bigemina and Babesia borvis. Overall, DNA of Babesia bigemina was detected in the blood of 33/94 (35%) cattle and DNA from B. bovis was detected in 27/58 (47%) of cattle. The prevalence of DNA of B. bigemina was significantly higher in young animals (<2 years) (23/46) than in animals over 2 years of age (10/48; chi2= 8.77; P <0.01%). Although tick sampling was not thorough, Boophilus decoloratus could be collected at 7/9 sites sampled and Boophilus microplus at 4/9 sites. Of the 20 B. decoloratus allowed to oviposit before PCR analysis, 1 (5%) contained DNA that could be amplified with primers for B. bigemina while 12 (60%) were positive with primers for B. bovis. Of the B. microplus allowed to oviposit, 11/16 (69%) were positive for B. bovis DNA by PCR and 2/16 (12%) were positive for B. bigemina.