牛流行热病毒山东流行株G基因的克隆及序列分析

为了解牛流行热病毒(BEFV)山东流行株G基因的特点,从临床病料中获得山东流行株牛流行热病毒的G基因,并对其进行序列测定和分析。参考GenBank中牛流行热病毒的G基因序列,设计并合成一对特异性扩增G基因引物进行PCR,扩增目的片段,并克隆于pEASY-T3载体上,筛选阳性重组质粒进行序列测定,用MEGA软件、NJ法构建进化树。结果显示,该流行毒株G基因与GenBank中其他BEFV株G基因的核苷酸推导氨基酸的同源性均大于96%;遗传进化关系分析结果表明,BEFV山东流行株与中国台湾流行株具有较高同源性和较近的亲缘关系。     

奶牛TLR2基因遗传变异与乳房炎体细胞评分的相关研究

选用中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛共207头奶牛为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP和创造酶切位点RFLP（CRS-RFLP）技术对其TLR2基因进行多态性研究,发现TLR2基因第2外显子上T/G,G/A和G/A 3个突变,分别是EcoRⅤ,HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ限制性内切酶的酶切多态位点,其中T/G突变引起蛋白质氨基酸天冬氨酸/谷氨酸的变化。对3个酶切多态位点进行基因型分析,χ^2检验表明：中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛在3个酶切多态位点都达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡。中国西门塔尔牛在3个酶切多态位点PIC为最高。运用SAS9.0软件,采用最小二乘拟合一般线性模型分析了3个酶切多态位点与中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛体细胞评分（SCS）的关系,结果表明：在这3个酶切多态位点中,只有EcoRⅤ酶切多态位点BB基因型个体的SCS显著低于AA和AB基因型个体（P〈0.05）,说明BB基因型可能为抵御乳房炎的有利基因型。     

牛分枝杆菌广西分离株MPB70基因的克隆及序列分析

利用牛分枝杆菌MPB70基因特异性引物,以2株牛分枝杆菌广西分离株的染色体DNA为模板,扩增MPB70基因,产物经纯化后与载体PMD18-T连接,然后转化至大肠杆菌DH5α。提取转染后大肠杆菌的质粒进行双酶切和PCR鉴定,鉴定为阳性的质粒进行序列测定。测序后通过序列分析软件DNAstar MegAlign对MPB70基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,并与GenBank上已发表的8株牛分枝杆菌的MPB70基因参考序列进行比较。结果显示广西分离株mt359、mt370与已发表的7株参考株序列比较,其核苷酸序列和氨基酸同源性在77.4%~95.9%之间。这一结果表明广西奶水牛分枝杆菌分离株与参考的其他牛分枝杆菌毒株的MPB70基因没有太大的差异,说明牛分枝杆菌分泌蛋白MPB70基因十分保守,从而为检测跟踪毒株的变异,研制牛分枝杆菌亚单位疫苗提供基础。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒DNA的限制性酶切分析

分离自不同种、不同部位的6种牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)毒株经限制罂内切酶 EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ、RstⅠ和 SmalⅠ消化分析后呈现3种酶切电泳图.2株分离自精液的病毒(美精株和洛精株)4种酶切电泳图完全相同;Bartha Nu/67株与美精株和洛精株仅在 EcoRⅠ酶切图谱上有微小差异(一个酶切位点的变化),其它3种酶切图也完全相同。分离自水牛的 B7株与其它5种病毒DNA 的酶切图谱差异十分显著。2株分离自呼吸道的病毒(IBR-125和 LA 侏)与其它几株病毒差异也较明显,但二者之间也有一定的差异。     

光生物素标记六邻体蛋白基因探针检测减蛋综合征病毒的研究

根据基因文库中减蛋综合征病毒（EDSV）AV127株的序列设计1对引物，从四川本地分离的EDSVSG9301株中扩增出六邻体蛋白基因并将其克隆到PUC18的多克隆位点中，经PCR、酶切分析、DNA杂交分析和序列测定证明，所扩增、克隆的基因包括了六邻体蛋白基因从起始密码子到终止密码子在内的完整序列。用光生物素对含六邻体蛋白基因的重组质粒标记后，采用斑点印迹法对4株EDSV（标准株AV-127株和3株四川分离株）、新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒和鸭瘟病毒的核酸进行检测，结果，该探针能检测出4株EDSV，但不能检出新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒和鸭瘟病毒。表明该六邻体蛋白基因探针具有特异性，检测的灵敏度高达1pg。     

一株牛肠道病毒的分离与鉴定

本研究从内蒙古某牛场患呼吸道病牛鼻拭子中分离到1株病毒,命名为NM575,并对其进行了鉴定。分离的病毒能够抵抗100μg/m L的DNA抑制剂5-溴脱氧尿苷,确定为RNA病毒。电镜观察可见无囊膜球形的病毒粒子,直径约30 nm,与小RNA病毒形态学特征相符。理化特性鉴定结果表明分离病毒对乙醚、氯仿及胰酶具有一定抵抗力,耐酸,对热敏感,与牛肠道病毒特性相符。应用牛肠道病毒P1基因的特异性引物,通过RT-PCR可从病毒细胞培养物中扩增出特异性片段,对其进行序列测定并与Gen Bank中登录的牛肠道病毒参考毒株及其他种属的肠道病毒参考株相应的序列进行比对及系统进化分析,结果显示分离毒株NM575与牛肠道病毒BHV-261株的核苷酸同源率为80%,进一步说明分离株为牛肠道病毒,且基因分型为EV-F1。病毒的体外细胞培养嗜性试验结果显示,NM575株可感染牛、仓鼠、猪、犬和鸡等多种动物细胞,尤其在牛源细胞中复制滴度最高,为10~(7.6) TCID_(50)/m L。综合以上结果分析确定所分离的病毒株NM575为牛肠道病毒,这是我国首次从患呼吸道病牛鼻拭子中分离获得。     

展示狂犬病病毒保护性抗原的重组犬2型腺病毒的构建

本试验以犬2型腺病毒全基因组重组质粒pPolyⅡ-CAV-2为基础,以8202株狂犬病病毒基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增得到狂犬病病毒糖蛋白膜外区基因(8202-G″)。通过MluⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切pPolyⅡ-CAV-2质粒,获得含有Ⅸ蛋白的340bp片段,将其克隆入pEGFP-C1-dAseⅠ质粒中,构建pEGFP-SIX载体,该载体经AseⅠ单酶切插入8202-G″,即在编码Ⅸ蛋白基因的最后密码子与终止密码子之间按与Ⅸ蛋白编码链相同转录方向插入8202-G″基因,获得重组基因组质粒和pPolyII-CAV-2-ⅨG(34.8kb)。酶切鉴定结果显示,目的基因均克隆进Ⅸ蛋白中。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因的扩增及酶切分析

以从内蒙古区分离的2株传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)株的DNA为模板，用设计好的1对引物对这2株毒株的gB基因进行了PCR扩增，并对扩增产物分别用BglⅡ、PstⅠ、HindⅢ限制性内切酶酶切分析。结果表明，2个分离株均能特异性地扩增出该病毒gB基因片段，片段大小完全一致，为2．6kb；扩增产物的酶切图谱与参考株完全一致。     

重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的siRNA对高致病性PRRSV N蛋白基因表达的抑制作用

构建表达HP-PRRSV河南分离株HN1 N蛋白基因的siRNA重组伪狂犬病病毒3株,将其感染PK-15细胞,在细胞水平上评价重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的siRNA对N蛋白表达的抑制效果.PCR扩增带CMV-siRNA-poly(A)片段和新霉素基因,通过酶切将CMV-siRNA-poly(A)片段和新霉素基因分别插入伪狂犬病病毒转移载体pUSKBH中,构建重组伪狂犬病病毒通用转移载体pUsiRNA.分别用BamH Ⅰ和HindⅢ酶切pUsiRNA,回收后与HP-PRRSV河南分离株HN1 N蛋白基因的3个siRNA分子连接,构建表达N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒表达载体.将鉴定正确的重组伪狂犬病病毒表达载体与伪狂犬病病毒DNA共转染PK-15细胞,经同源重组及噬斑纯化获得表达N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒株,应用PCR及Southern blot鉴定重组病毒.将HN1株N蛋白基因的真核表达质粒pAcGFP1-N转染PK-15,经筛选获得稳定表达N蛋白基因的细胞.将鉴定正确的表达N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒接种于稳定表达N蛋白基因的细胞,利用绿色荧光蛋白基因及半定量RT-PCR检测重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的N蛋白基因siRNA对N蛋白表达的抑制效果.结果显示,PCR扩增到的CMV-siR-NA-poly(A)片段约为0.7kb,新霉素基因约1.5kb.经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,构建了表达siRNA的通用伪狂犬病病毒转移载体pUsiRNA.经PCR及Southern blot检测,获得了3株表达HP-PRRSV河南分离株HN1 N蛋白基因siRNA的重组伪狂犬病病毒gG-/siRNAN1、gG-/siRNAN2和gG-/siRNAN3;经荧光显微镜观察和半定量RT-PCR检测表明,重组伪狂犬病病毒介导的N蛋白基因siRNA能够显著抑制N蛋白在PK-15细胞中表达,其中gG-/siR-NAN2抑制效果最好.这为深入研究N蛋白基因siRNA抑制HP-PRRSV复制奠定基础,并为HP-PRRSV的防制提供新的思路.     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白单、双拷贝基因重组腺病毒穿梭载体的构建及表达

提取HEP-Flury株狂犬病病毒RNA,RT-PCR方法扩增糖蛋白G基因,并克隆入pMD18-T载体,进行测序鉴定和序列分析。之后双酶切下G基因,将其亚克隆入腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-IRES-hrGFP-1,经卡那霉素抗性、PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定,获得重组单G腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-G。应用PCR方法在G基因末端引入口蹄疫病毒2A自剪切肽序列,并克隆入T载体,同时构建含G基因的T载体,分别双酶切回收以上2片段并将他们定向亚克隆入pShuttle-IRES-hrGFP-1,经系列鉴定,成功构建由2A自剪切肽序列连接双G基因的重组腺病毒穿梭载体pShuttle-dG。转染以上2个表达质粒入Ad-293细胞,荧光显微镜观察到GFP的表达,斑点印迹试验结果显示G蛋白成功表达。     

牛流行热病毒JB76H株G蛋白基因核苷酸序列分析

通过反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）,从中国北京分离株牛流行热病毒ＪＢ７６Ｈ基因组ＲＢＡ中扩增出主要保护性抗原糖蛋白Ｇ的cＤＮＡ。采用Ｓanger’s双脱氧末端终 止法测定cＤＮＡ片段的核苷酸序列,并推导出氨基酸序列。Ｇ基因全长为１８７２个碱基,单一的开放阅读框架阅读框架编码６２３个氨基酸的多肽。将测得的序列与澳大利亚六个分离株进行比较,发现我国分离株与渊大利亚分离株间同源性为９１％,低于澳大利亚各分     

Circulation of bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East--strong evidence for transmission by winds and animal transport

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arbovirus of cattle. The main routes of its transmission between countries and continents are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to explore BEFV transmission in the Middle-East. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the gene encoding the G protein of BEFV isolates from Israel from 2000 and 2008 with isolates from Turkey (2008), Egypt (2005), Australia (1968-1998) and East Asia (1966-2004). Calf sera collected during the years 2006-2007 were tested by serum neutralization in order to explore for recent exposure to BEFV before 2008. These were followed by a meteorological analysis, aimed to reveal movement of air parcels into Israel in the two weeks preceding the first case of BEF in Israel in 2008. The 2008 Israeli and Turkish isolates showed 99% identity and formed a new cluster with the 2000 Israeli isolate. The serological survey showed no new exposure to BEFV during 2006 and 2007. These results coincided with the meteorological analysis, which revealed that air parcels originating in Southern Turkey had reached the location of outbreak onset in Israel nine days before the discovery of the index case. The Egyptian isolate clustered phylogenetically with the Taiwanese isolates, coinciding with data on importation of cattle from China to the Middle East in the year preceding the isolation of the Egyptian isolates. These results suggest that both winds and animal transport may have an important role in trans-boundary transmission of BEFV.     

表达牛流行热病毒G基因的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒转移载体的构建

本试验将克隆到 p BLG中的牛流行热病毒 (BEFV)糖蛋白 G基因亚克隆到含有 CMV启动子和 Poly(A)信号尾的 p CR3- Uni载体上 ,获得 p CR3- G重组体 ,酶切后将含有 CMV、G基因和 Poly(A)的目的片段 (约 3.6 kb)插入通用转移载体 pd TK- CMB中 ,获得 pd TK- CMB- G重组体 ;再将含 SV4 0启动子的 L ac Z报告基因也亚克隆到该载体中获得表达 BEFV G基因的pd TK- L ac Z- G转移载体 ,为开发 BEFV/IBRV二联基因工程疫苗奠定了基础     

Prokaryotic Expression and Antigenic Characterization Identification of G Gene for Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus

In order to explore specific candidate gene of antigens and diagnostics development for the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), the target gene sequences were derived from G gene by PCR amplification using two specific primers.The PCR products were digested by Xho Ⅰ and Nde Ⅰ and cloned into pET-30 vector, and the recombinant plasmids (480-pET-30, 1107-pET-30) were transformed into E.coil BL21 (DE3) cells, the D_{600 nm} of positive strains were 0.6 to 1.0.The recombinant strains were induced by IPTG (1.0 mmol/L) at 37 ℃.The characteristics of the target proteins were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and the immunogenicity was analyzed through Western blotting.At the same time, the target proteins were used as coating antigens to do ELISA and all rabbits were inoculated with recombinant proteins.The results showed that the expression feature of 1 107 bp gene fragment of G gene for the first time was segmented in vitro as well as has nicer biological activity and specificity, and it more be suitable as a candidate gene for molecular vaccine and diagnostics development.This study provided the theoretical foundation of the establishment of diagnostics technique and vaccine for BEFV.     

Apoptosis induction in BEFV-infected Vero and MDBK cells through Src-dependent JNK activation regulates caspase-3 and mitochondria pathways

Our previous report demonstrated that bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected cultured cells could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. This study aims to further elucidate how BEFV activates the caspase cascade in bovine cells. BEFV replicated and induced apoptosis in Vero and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, and a kinetic study showed a higher efficiency of replication and a greater apoptosis induction ability of BEFV in Vero cells. Src and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 inhibitor, alleviated BEFV-mediated cytopathic effect and apoptosis. In BEFV-infected Vero and MDBK cells, BEFV directly induced Src tyrosine-418 phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation and kinase activity, which was inhibited specifically by SU6656 and SP600125, respectively. The caspase cascade and its downstream effectors, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DFF45, were also activated simultaneously upon BEFV infection. In addition, cytochrome c, but not Smac/DIABLO, was released gradually from mitochondria after BEFV infection. SU6656 suppressed Src, JNK, and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as PARP and DFF45 cleavage; SP600125 reduced JNK and caspase-3 and -9 activation, as well as PARP and DFF45 cleavage. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that a Src-dependent JNK signaling pathway plays a key role in BEFV-induced apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified in our study may provide useful information for the treatment of BEFV.     

牛流行热病毒糖蛋白基因的原核表达与抗原性鉴定

为探索可用来开发牛流行热病毒(bovine ephemeral fever virus,BEFV)疫苗和诊断试剂的候选基因,本研究针对BEFV糖蛋白(G)基因设计了2对特异性引物,用PCR方法扩增基因片段,PCR产物经Xho Ⅰ和Nde Ⅰ双酶切后亚克隆到表达载体pET-30上,将鉴定正确的重组质粒(480-pET-30、1107-pET-30)转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,培养阳性菌株D_{600 nm}值为0.6~1.0,37 ℃下用1.0 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白,将其纯化之后进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting免疫原性分析。同时,应用间接ELISA、动物免疫试验及交叉反应试验对目的蛋白进行分析。结果表明,首次发现的1 107 bp基因片段是分段表达的,具有很好的生物活性和特异性,更适合作为开发疫苗和诊断试剂的候选基因,为今后建立BEFV的血清学诊断方法及疫苗研发提供了理论基础。     

牛流行热病的诊治

牛流行热(又名三日热)是由牛流行热病毒(Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus,BEFV,又名牛暂时热病毒)引起的一种急性热性传染病。其特征为突然高热,呼吸促迫,流泪和消化器官的严重卡他炎症和运动障碍。感染该病的大部分病牛经2~3日即恢复正常,故又称三日热或暂时热。该病病势迅猛,但多为良性经过。过去曾将该病误认为是流行性感冒。该病能引起牛大群发病,明显降低乳牛的产乳量。     

徐州地区牛流行热病毒的分离与鉴定

1991年夏秋之交徐州市各奶牛场暴发牛流行热。为确诊该病,采集了发病高热期抗凝血,进行了病毒分离和鉴定试验。病料经处理后,直接接种于BHK_21细胞,传至第二代可见典型的CPE。电镜下观察到80—150nm弹状病毒颗粒。分离毒的理化特性、核酸类型及中和试验结果均与标准BEFV相一致,证实该分离病毒为牛流行热病毒。     

Seroprevalence investigation of bovine ephemeral fever in yaks in Tibetan Plateau of China from 2012 to 2015

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is caused by the arthropod-borne bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which is classified in family Rhabdoviridae and genus Ephemerovirus. However, it is still unclear whether yaks from the Tibetan plateau of China are exposed to BEFV. It is the first time that a survey was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of BEFV infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) on the Tibetan Plateau of China. A total of 1123 serum samples were collected randomly from yaks from 2012 to 2015 and were assayed for BEFV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportions of positive serum samples were assessed among the 1123 samples, as well as factors of geographical origin and years. The results showed that there were 454 serum samples that tested positive for BEFV, and the total positive rate is 40.4 %. The prevalence in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 was 49.3, 36, 44.1, and 34.0 %, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (P<?0.01). In different regions, the prevalence was ranged from 34.7 to 45.7 % with a significant difference among the different regions of (P?<?0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that yaks in Tibet (Xizang autonomous region) (45.7 %) had 1.6 times (OR = 1.589, 95 % CI = 1.141–2.215, P?<?0.01) higher risk of being seropositive compared to yaks in Qinghai province, while no regional difference was found of Sichuan province compared to Qinghai (P?>?0.05). The prevalence in 2012 (49.3 %) was more than 1.8 time (OR = 1.880, 95 % CI = 1.350–2.619, P?<?0.001) at risk of acquiring the infection compared to the year of 2015. The prevalence of yaks in 2014 (44.1 %) had a 1.5 times (OR = 1.528, 95 % CI = 1.350–2.619, p?<?0.001) at risk of being seropositive compared to yaks in 2015, while no year difference was found of 2013 compared to 2015 (P?>?0.05). Our study suggests that the yaks from the high plateau are highly infected by BEFV, and geographical origin and years are main risk factors for BEF seroprevalence.

     

An outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in Nagasaki Prefecture in 1988

In October, 1988, bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred in Nagasaki Prefecture and throughout Kyushu island, with the exception Miyazaki Prefecture. The first outbreak occurred in Hirado-shi on October 17. The total number of diseased cattle was 24 in 24 farms in Nagasaki Prefecture. The clinical findings were mainly sudden fever, anorexia, and instability in standing. The serum neutralizing antibodies against BEF virus (BEFV) rose in all infected cattle. Twelve strains of the virus were isolated in HmLu-1 cell cultures made directly from the heparinized blood of 17 infected cattle. The buffy coat was mainly collected from the samples and washed three times with phosphate buffered saline. These isolates were all neutralized by an antiserum against BEFV (Yamaguchi strain). With the aid of an electron microscope, a representative of isolates named Hirado-9 with a length of 150 nm was seen in the sample of infected HmLu-1 cell cultures. Both Hirado-9 and Yamaguchi strains reacted with antisera. The outbreak of BEF in 1988 was the first since 1971 in Nagasaki Prefecture. The result proved that BEFV can be easily isolated in HmLu-1 cell culture from the washed blood cells of infected cattle.