石榴软籽新品种枣选1号的选育

石榴新品种枣选1号是石榴品种郭村软籽的芽变。果实圆球形,平均单果重386.0g;果皮鲜红色,间有浓红断续条纹,无锈斑;平均百粒重57.30g,籽粒大而整齐,长形,青白色,放射线明显,籽粒透明;籽粒硬度3.74kg/cm2,籽仁柔软可食,鲜食品质极上等;可溶性固形物含量15.80%,常温下货架期3个月左右;在山东省枣庄,果实9月下旬成熟。2007年12月通过山东省林木品种审定委员会品种审定。     

介绍几个石榴新品种

1豫石榴1号开封市农林科学研究所选育。果实圆形,平均果重270g,最大果重672g。果皮红色,籽粒红色。百粒重34.4g,出汁率89.6%,酸甜可口,可溶性固形物含量为14.5%。6年生树平均株产19.8kg,适宜河南省广大地区种植。2豫石榴2号开封市农林科学研究所选育。果实圆形,平均果重348g,最大果重850g。果皮黄白色,籽粒白色。百粒重34.6g,出汁率89.4%,风味酸甜,可溶性固形物含量为14.0%。6年生树平均株产20kg,适宜河南省各地种植。3豫石榴3号开封市农林科学研究所选育。平均果重281g,最大果重531g。果皮深红色。籽粒紫红色,百粒重33.6g,出汁率88.5%,风味…     

石榴软籽芽变新品种枣选3号的选育

石榴软籽新品种枣选3号是石榴品种钢榴的芽变。果实圆球形,平均单果重424.0 g,全面着鲜红色,萼筒开张;百粒重51.9 g,籽粒略带红色,透明,柔软可食,鲜食品质极上等;可溶性固形物含量15.40%,果实贮藏性与原品种钢榴相似;在山东省枣庄市,果实9月底成熟。2007年12月通过山东省林木品种审定委员会审定。     

石榴新品种‘酥籽’

‘酥籽’石榴是从‘突尼斯软籽’自然授粉的实生后代中选育出的新品种。果实近圆球形,果皮黄绿色,有红晕。平均单果质量417.65 g,最大单果质量1 077.00 g。籽粒大,红色,核酥脆,咀嚼有香味。平均百粒质量57.65 g,可食率66.88%,籽粒硬度44 N·cm^-2。果实风味浓,可溶性固形物含量15.1%,可溶性糖含量12.4%,可滴定酸含量0.68%。早果,丰产,3年生树产量达18 050.7 kg·hm^-2。     

石榴新品种‘中石榴2号’的选育

‘中石榴2号’是以‘突尼斯软籽’为母本、‘豫大籽’为父本杂交选育而成的抗病性强的早熟半软籽新品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量450 g;果皮光洁明亮,果面红色,着色率超过85.0%;籽粒红色,汁多味酸甜,出汁率85.7%,核仁半软(硬度4.16 kg·cm~(-2))可食用;可溶性固形物含量超过15.0%,品质优良。该品种树势强健,萌芽率高,成枝力强,幼树以中、长果枝结果为主,成龄树中、长、短果枝均可结果,自然坐果率高,超过80.0%,且大小年现象不明显,栽培容易。     

软籽石榴种子硬度发育与种皮细胞壁显微结构的关系研究

为了解软籽石榴种子硬度发育特性,以软籽品种‘突尼斯软籽’、半软籽品种‘以色列酸’和硬籽品种‘青皮’为材料,测定了不同发育时期的种子硬度、可溶性固形物含量和籽粒质量,并对其成熟种子种皮细胞进行石蜡切片,间苯三酚和番红固绿染色观察,比较种皮细胞显微结构和木质化程度,同时对不同产地的‘突尼斯软籽’石榴进行种子硬度比较。结果表明,种子最大硬度出现在果实发育后期,而非果实成熟时期,不同品种种子硬度变化趋势一致。‘突尼斯软籽’种子硬度在花后97 d达到最高,为(2.939±0.895)kg;半软籽‘以色列酸’和硬籽‘青皮’在花后106 d到达最高,硬度分别为(5.571±2.106)和(9.203±3.006)kg。在花后124 d(成熟时期),‘突尼斯软籽’、‘以色列酸’和‘青皮’的种子硬度分别为(2.887±0.735)、(4.242±1.036)和(8.192±2.561)kg。5个产地的‘突尼斯软籽’成熟石榴种子硬度没有显著差异,软籽性状不受种植地理环境变化而改变。显微结构观察发现成熟时期石榴种皮外层细胞高度木质化,‘突尼斯软籽’石榴的种皮外层细胞壁厚度显著低于‘以色列酸’和‘青皮’。     

石榴软籽新品种‘豫农早艳’的选育

‘豫农早艳’石榴是由‘突尼斯软籽’石榴芽变选育出的早中熟软籽石榴新品种。果实近球形,果形指数0.84;平均单果质量300 g,最大单果质量680 g;果皮底色黄绿,着玫红色晕,着色面积超过70%;萼筒较短,萼片开张或半开张;籽粒粉红色。‘豫农早艳’石榴百粒重37.0 g;出籽率62.3%以上,出汁率84.6%;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)17.1%,pH 3.4,维生素C含量12.6 mg·100 g^-1。风味酸甜可口,籽粒易剥离;籽粒硬度3.26 kg·cm~(-2),核软可食。果实生育期120 d左右,在郑州荥阳(东经113.35,北纬34.79)9月中下旬成熟,比‘突尼斯软籽’石榴早熟约10 d。该品种植株长势中庸,树姿半开张;耐旱、耐瘠薄,较抗冻,适应性较强。货架期20 d左右,5℃冷库贮藏60 d左右。适合黄河以南石榴适生区栽培,第2年开花结果,丰产,稳产。     

超软籽石榴新品种‘中石榴8号’

正‘中石榴8号’是从‘突尼斯软籽’ב中石榴1号’杂交后代中选育的软籽石榴新品种,2018年通过河南省林木品种审定委员会审定并命名。1品种特征特性树姿开张,树势强健。果实近圆形、有棱,平均单果质量454 g;果面底色黄绿,着红色,着色率80%以上;果皮光洁明亮,裂果不明显;籽粒红色,汁多,味甜酸,可溶性固形物含量15.5%,可滴定酸0.22%,     

石榴新品种‘白玉石籽’

 ‘白玉石籽’石榴是通过RAPD标记辅助选育出的‘三白’石榴大籽粒营养系变异新品种。平均单果质量469.1 g, 最大单粒质量1.02 g, 可溶性固形物含量16.4% , 出汁率81.4% , 平均核硬度3.29 kg·cm ^-2 , 软籽。植株抗褐斑病、干腐病, 丰产, 在皖中地区9月下旬成熟。     

石榴软籽新品种枣选1号的选育

枣选1号是石榴品种郭村软籽的芽变品种。2007年通过山东省科技厅组织的性状鉴定。同年12月通过山东省林木品种审定委员会审定。并定名为枣选1号。具有果大、果皮光滑、籽软等特性。     

Analysis of the Phenylpropanoid Enzyme Activities and Products in the Soft- and Hard-Seeded Pomegranate Genotypes During Fruit Development

To find out more about the biochemical aspects of seed-softness trait in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), some of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes as well as their products were evaluated in the various soft- and hard-seeded genotypes during fruit development. Results showed that peroxidase (POD) activity decreased in all studied genotypes during fruit growth, while increasing at the last stages only in the hard-seeded genotypes. Although laccase (LAC) activity did not show high differences during fruit ripening and in different genotypes, but its general trend was increasing. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity decreased during the fruit development and approximately diminished for the hard-seeded genotypes. All genotypes had lignin components in their seeds and amount of lignin increased during the growth season. Total phenolic decreased drastically and antioxidant capacity increased gradually showing an opposite trend and probable competitive effect for the same substrate during fruit development. Considerable differences that were observed in the POD activity at the last sampling stage, and higher activity that was observed in POD than LAC, may indicate that POD is more important for polymerization of lignin in the pomegranate seed and this enzyme might have some role in the development of seed softness trait in pomegranate. Also, this is the first report about lignin detection in the seeds of soft-seeded pomegranate genotypes, and represents a different mechanism (such as monolignol conformation in the final polymer) from lignin content for development of the soft-seeded pomegranate genotype.     

Pollen Source Influences Fruit Quality,Aril Properties,and Seed Characteristics in Pomegranate

A study was conducted to determine the effect of pollen source on fruit, aril, and seed characteristics in pomegranate. The cultivar Malas Yazdi was pollinated with three pollen sources including: Rabab Neyriz (a commercial cultivar), Malas Pishva Varamin (selected superior local cultivar), and Poost Sefid Dezful (non-commercial cultivar). The results showed that the rate of fruit set from different pollen sources varied from 13% to 46%. Pollen source also had significant effects on other fruit properties, such as fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit length and diameter, fruit peel color, fruit peel thickness, and edible portion of the fruit. Aril characteristics including number of arils per fruit, aril length and diameter, aril weight, and aril color were also significantly affected by pollen source as well as seed physical properties, including seed weight, seed length and diameter, seed hardness, and seed toughness. However ‘Malas Pishva Varamin’ as a pollinizer showed the lowest rate of fruit set, but performed better in terms of fruit quality and seed characteristic than ‘Rabab Neyriz’ and ‘Poost Sefid Dezful’. This is the first observation of xenia effect in pomegranate breeding and could serve as a new area of research for pomegranate production. These findings suggest that selection of suitable pollinizer could be a new area of research for pomegranate production.     

优良软籽石榴新品种‘玛丽斯’的选育

‘玛丽斯’是国家林业局"948"项目资助通过引种方式引入我国的以色列软籽石榴,2012-2014年通过区域试验确定为优系,于2018年12月通过河南省林木品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有早果性好、丰产稳产、抗旱耐瘠薄且无裂果现象等特征。果熟期9月底,果个大(平均单果质量510 g),果实近圆形,果皮光洁明亮,呈粉红色。籽粒大(百粒质量59.00 g),红色且较软(籽粒硬度为2.01 kg·cm^-2),核仁可食,嚼后无残渣,汁多味甘甜(可溶性固形物含量超过16.00%),出汁率85.00%。秦岭-淮河以南地区为适宜栽培区,黄河以南至淮河以北为次适宜区,在次适宜栽培区栽植须采用防寒措施。     

栝楼新品种‘皖蒌17号’

栝楼新品种‘皖蒌17号’是以‘皖蒌6号’为母本,‘2号雄株’为父本杂交选育而成。生长周期220 d左右,中晚熟;坐果多,果形近圆形,青果期果皮浅绿色,成熟期果皮橙黄色;1年生植株平均单果质量389.8 g,2年生植株平均单果质量399.7 g,存在一柄多果现象;种子长椭圆形,饱满,外壳深棕色,出籽率12.88%,千粒质量333.0 g;1年生和2年生单株块根质量分别为8.70 kg和16.50 kg。高抗流胶病与炭疽病。     

果桑新品种‘桑梓2号’

‘圣桑2号’是将引进的果桑资源经离子束辐射诱变桑芽,单芽嫁接后在其后代中选育出的优良新品种。3月上旬萌动,先叶后花,每个新芽产生3 ~ 6个桑葚。果长2 ~ 4 cm,单果质量3 ~ 5 g,始熟期5月上旬,成熟后紫褐色,果期45 d,产量48 t ? hm-2。果实花青素含量高达1.97 g ? kg-1,蛋白质含量2.26%,总糖1.81%,总酸5.08 g ? kg-1。该品种适应性广、抗性强,适合安徽省境内栽培。     

两个石榴品种结果期光合特性的比较

在自然条件下,利用Li-6400对青皮软籽石榴和红皮石榴的净光合速率、气孔导度以及胞间CO2浓度等光合生理特性进行测定和对比分析。结果表明:2个品种的净光合速率和气孔导度日变化均为双峰曲线,2个品种均有明显的"午休"现象,但青皮软籽的净光合速率和气孔导度略高于红皮;2个品种的胞间CO2浓度与净光合速率均呈负相关,且都在"午休"期间达到最小值,但红皮的胞间CO2浓度略高于青皮软籽石榴。     

枣裂果机理的初步研究

对壶瓶枣、黑叶枣和郎枣裂果及其果实的生理、机械力学性质和解剖结构进行观察测定,结果表明:三个品种裂果发生从白熟期开始,而后,随着果实的成熟,裂果敏感性增加.这与枣果实的可溶性糖含量增加、水势下降、果皮韧性降低有关.壶瓶枣最易裂果,其次是黑叶枣,再次是郎枣,三个品种在同一时期裂果敏感性的差异与它们的果肉弹性、可塑性有关,与它们之间的水势、可溶性糖含量以及 K、Ca、Mg 含量无关.容易发生裂果的壶瓶枣和黑叶枣果皮角质层比不易裂的郎枣薄,其厚度依次为:6.81μm、6.41μm、8.28μm.