奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的原因、症状及防治措施

引发奶牛子宫内膜炎的原因诸多,如环境卫生差、饲养营养管理不当以及其他疾病继发等。根据临床症状及时判断并确诊该病对遏制病情加重至关重要。根据发病情况对患病牛进行对症治疗,同时加强综合管理可以有效防治该病。本文就奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的原因、临床症状、诊断方法以及防治措施进行概述,以加强从业人员对此病的认识。     

棕熊肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

棕熊在人工饲养条件下,受环境、食物以及与人群密切接触等诸多因素的影响,使机体的抗病能力下降,患病几率增加.主要对一例人工饲养棕熊肠梗阻的发病情况、临床症状、诊断方法和治疗措施作一介绍,以期为临床有效治疗棕熊肠梗阻提供参考.     

Problems of keeping ornamental waterfowl

Ornamental waterfowl are now kept by very many people. Aspects of management, behaviour and disease conditions are explained and the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases are discussed.     

Radiological features of intra-nasal lesions in the dog: a review of 100 cases

The radiological changes observed in 100 dogs with confirmed intra-nasal disease are reviewed with particular reference to the differential features of neoplasia, destructive rhinitis and proliferative inflammatory conditions. The contribution of radiographic examination to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these disorders is discussed.     

Nasopharyngeal disease in cats: 2. Specific conditions and their management

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Nasopharyngeal disease is a common presenting problem in feline medicine. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: The management of feline nasopharyngeal disease can be challenging at a number of levels. In many cases, a specific diagnosis may remain elusive. Some conditions may not be curable so owners need to understand the requirement for long-term management. In addition, treatment may be compromised by poor patient compliance. AUDIENCE: This review, which is directed at any clinicians involved in the management of cats with nasopharyngeal disease, discusses acute rhinitis (cat 'flu) and a variety of conditions causing chronic rhinosinusitis/chronic nasopharyngeal disease. The intention is to assist treatment decision making by reviewing the most appropriate therapies from the options available for these patients. EVIDENCE BASE: The information presented in this article is based on peer-reviewed publications and the clinical experience of the authors.     

Reptile respiratory medicine.

Respiratory tract disease is commonly diagnosed in captive collections of reptiles and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Improper environmental conditions are often contributing factors for the development of respiratory disease in reptiles. A detailed knowledge of the unique reptilian respiratory morphology and function is essential to successfully diagnose and treat respiratory disease. A variety of noninfectious and infectious causes have been identified in the etiology of reptile respiratory disease. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of reptilian diseases is increasing, and with the availability of new therapeutic agents and advanced diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis and treatment of reptile respiratory tract disease has become more successful.     

Dermatological diseases in lizards

Lizards with dermatological disease are routinely encountered in veterinary practice and it is often challenging to establish a thorough and adequate case management for these otherwise highly visible conditions. Most skin diseases in lizards are primarily a consequence of environmental stressors such as substandard husbandry and underlying disease, facilitating the onset of mainly secondary bacterial and mycotic dermal infections. This review provides an overview of common dermatological problems in lizards and aetiology, treatment and prevention are discussed for both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Although investigational approaches may be directed by the primary clinical manifestation of dermatological problems, the importance of a multidirectional approach cannot be over-emphasized. Proper treatment can only be initiated when the correct diagnosis has been made and husbandry issues dealt with. Current information on susceptibility patterns and on the use of appropriate chemotherapeutics in lizards is limited for the treatment of infectious causes of dermatitis.     

Oncologic emergencies

Cancer can lead to emergencies either due to the primary disease, or as a result of therapy. Appropriate diagnosis and rapid treatment of these conditions can result in survival of the patient. Whether chemotherapy is implemented or not, the clinician may be presented with a patient in need of emergency stabilization. Common occurring emergencies are related to effects of the cancer, ranging from immune dysfunction due to marrow infiltration to brain herniation due to increased intracranial pressure from neoplasia. Often adverse effects secondary to chemotherapy can cause emergency situations such as sepsis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may result in a favorable outcome. Addressed in this chapter are commonly occurring emergencies and specific stabilizing treatments.     

Lameness diagnosis and treatment in the quarter horse racehorse

Lameness problems constitute a major part of racing Quarter Horse practice. This article considers the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the frequently encountered lamenesses. The main conditions included are synovitis, intra-articular fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, and degenerative joint disease as they relate to the coffin, fetlock, carpal, and tarsal joints. Intra-articular injection techniques and medications are discussed because of the frequency of joint disease. Bucked shins and stress fractures are also reviewed.     

宠物犬牙周病的诊治

牙周病是指发生在牙齿支持组织的疾病,是犬最常见、最严重的一种口腔疾病。论文根据临床治疗经验,对犬牙周病的发病原因、临床症状、诊断及防治措施等进行了论述,可为该病在小动物临床中的诊疗提供参考。     

电针配合药物治疗犬椎间盘突出

近年来,犬椎间盘突出症在宠物临床上越发的常见。由于本病的发病原因较为复杂、发病过程多为慢性,在诊断时难于判断,同时在治疗时以手术疗法为主治愈率较低。临床实践表明应用电针配合药物对该病进行治疗,治愈率大大提高。作者对犬椎间盘突出的病因与诊断进行了阐述,并说明了电针复合药物对该病的治疗机理,为该病的诊断提供系统的理论指导,为电针配合药物治疗方案的推广打下坚实的基础。     

An outbreak of chlamydiosis in captive blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) in Brazil.

Fifty-eight blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) nestlings, recovered from the illegal trade, became ill at a wildlife rehabilitation center in S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Clinical signs observed were nonspecific, and the mortality rate was 96.5% despite initial treatment with norfloxacin. Postmortem examinations were performed on 10 birds. Liver and spleen smears showed structures suggestive of Chlamydophila psittaci in four cases. Diagnosis was confirmed by seminested polymerase chain reaction on tissue samples. Other birds from the same location showed no clinical signs of the disease, although high complement fixation titers to C. psittaci were found in 10 adult psittacines. All birds in the facility were treated with doxycycline. The two surviving nestlings did not recover after two doxycycline treatments and were euthanatized. The high mortality rate observed in this outbreak was attributed to poor conditions of husbandry and delays in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. After diagnosis, improved control measures for chlamydiosis were instituted.     

1例犬细小病毒病继发肠套叠的诊断与治疗

犬细小病毒病会导致幼犬严重腹泻，甚至便血，往往会继发肠套叠。肠套叠的症状与犬细小病毒病较为相似，也会导致病犬精神沉郁、食欲废绝、呕吐等，宠物医生往往会误认为该症状是由犬细小病毒病所致，误诊不仅治疗无效，还延误治疗的最佳时间。采用X射线和B型超声2种影像学相结合的方法对1例由犬细小病毒病导致肠梗阻的幼犬进行诊断，确诊为肠套叠后对其进行手术治疗，术后7d，该犬手术切口未发生感染并愈合良好。主要对该病的诊治经过作一介绍，以期为兽医临床诊治幼犬肠套叠提供参考。     

Respiratory diseases, diagnostics, and treatment of marsupials.

Primary respiratory disease is uncommon in marsupials, but generalized disease often involves the respiratory tract in these animals. Other disease entities may spread to involve the respiratory system secondarily. Treatment is challenging because most animals are severely compromised on presentation. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and yeasts, trauma, and neoplasia all can affect the respiratory systems of marsupials. Some of these conditions are only incidental findings, whereas others are pathogenic. Many therapies and diagnostic procedures are extrapolated from those in companion animal medicine and surgery. Despite the problems associated with the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease in marsupials, new therapeutic agents and diagnostic techniques are making these tasks easier and ultimately more successful.     

非典型法氏囊病的诊断及不同疗法效果比较

近年来,传染性法氏囊病发病逐渐趋于缓和,呈现出非典型化,给临床诊断带来困难,因此,掌握非典型法氏囊病的诊断方法就显得尤为重要.同时,为探讨非典型法氏囊病与典型法氏囊病在治疗方法上是否存在差异以及非典型法氏囊病的治疗方案,选定安阳、郑州等地区的8个鸡场,分别设Ⅰ组(高免卵黄组)、Ⅱ组(疫苗组)、Ⅲ组(抗病毒药组)对病鸡进行治疗.结果显示:Ⅲ组(抗病毒药组)在治愈率和经济成本方面,均优于其他两组,今后可以做为治疗非典型法氏囊病的方法.     

Hypoadrenocorticism in small animals

The diagnosis and treatment of hypoadrenocorticism can be one of the greatest challenges faced by veterinary practitioners, as Addison's disease may have many faces and many presentations. Although the disease is most often diagnosed in dogs, cats may also suffer from Addison's disease. The practitioner must have a high index of suspicion to make a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. This index of suspicion is based on knowledge of the common signalment, history, physical examination, and laboratory findings. Diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism is supported by appropriate choice of diagnostic endocrine tests that are described in detail in this article. Once a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism has been made, expedient treatment is of foremost concern. Timely treatment using fluids, corticosteroids, and supportive care will ensure a successful outcome; the emergency treatment of Addison's is covered briefly in this article and fully in another article in this issue. The purpose of this review was to describe the clinical diagnosis and chronic treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs and cats.     

Hips, elbows and stifles: common joint diseases in the cat

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Cats commonly present with joint disease and trauma. A methodical approach to diagnostics and treatment can aid the clinician in the management of these cases. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Cats with joint disease may present with a vague history owing to their independent nature, and gait assessment is often challenging when compared with the dog. Knowledge of feline-specific anatomy is important to avoid over- or misinterpretation of physical examination or imaging findings. AUDIENCE: This review of feline joint disease focuses on the more common, non-traumatic conditions of the hip, stifle and elbow. It aims to provide first opinion clinicians with a guide to decision making that will assist them in achieving a diagnosis and formulating a management strategy. EVIDENCE BASE: There is an extensive body of original articles and textbooks in the published literature relating to aspects of feline joint disease. This article combines information from key companion animal and feline-specific references together with the author's clinical experience to provide a practical overview of joint disease, and highlight important differences between cats and dogs in terms of presentation and treatment.     

Oral pathology

Oral disease is exceedingly common in small animal patients. In addition, there is a very wide variety of pathologies that are encountered within the oral cavity. These conditions often cause significant pain and/or localized and systemic infection; however, the majority of these conditions have little to no obvious clinical signs. Therefore, diagnosis is not typically made until late in the disease course. Knowledge of these diseases will better equip the practitioner to effectively treat them. This article covers the more common forms of oral pathology in the dog and cat, excluding periodontal disease, which is covered in its own chapter. The various pathologies are presented in graphic form, and the etiology, clinical signs, recommended diagnostic tests, and treatment options are discussed. Pathologies that are covered include: persistent deciduous teeth, fractured teeth, intrinsically stained teeth, feline tooth resorption, caries, oral neoplasia, eosinophilic granuloma complex, lymphoplasmacytic gingivostomatitis, enamel hypoplasia, and "missing" teeth.     

一起犊牛真胃穿孔引起腹膜炎的诊治体会

犊牛真胃穿孔引起腹膜炎作为消化系统的延后性病变,受发病原因的影响,在临床上极易误诊误治,致使延误最佳治疗时机,造成诊治失败的现象时有发生.为提高此类病例的处置效果,本文就一起犊牛真胃穿孔引起腹膜炎的病例诊治过程进行分析,提出了具体的操作流程和诊断要点,为提高基层兽医的临床处置能力,防范此类病例的误诊误治提供一定的依据参...