丹系长白猪恶性高温综合性（pMHS）基因的检测分析

采集91头丹系长白种猪耳组织样品，用高盐法提取DNA，特异性扩增包含C1843在内的CRC／RYR1660bp片段，用HhaI进行直接酶切，根据电沪图谱确定MHS基因座位上的基因型。结果表明：91头丹系长白猪中，杂合猪（MHS^N/MHSn)为10头，占10.98%,纯合阴性猪81头占89.02％，没有发现纯合阳性猪。MHS^N和MHS^n的基因频率分别为0.9451和0.0549.结合国内已有的测定结果，认为目前我国丹系长白猪群中MHS^N MHS^n的基因频率分别为0.9086和0.0914.     

通过猪毛检测丹麦长白猪氟烷基因的变异

采集５６头丹麦长白猪（其中１头为１周龄的仔猪，２６头种公猪，２９头种母猪）猪毛样品，粗提ＤＮＡ，进行ＰＣＲ扩增，得到６５９ｈｐ在氟烷基因中（即兰尼定受体基因）中第１８４３个碱基的异片段，经过ＨｈａＩ酶切和电泳来检测氟烷基的变异，即其基因型，结果表明，（１）５６头长白猪中，阳性猪（ｎ／ｎ）１头占１．７９％，杂合子猪（Ｎ／ｎ）为１８头，占３２．１４％，阴性猪（Ｎ／Ｎ）为３７头，占６６．０７％杂合子数实     

猪恶性高温综合征（MHS）基因群体检测及部分片段DNA序列研究

本研究主要包括：（１）建立了猪ＭＨＳ基因检测的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法。该方法具有准确、快速和无侵害的特点；（２）利用猪ＭＨＳ基因的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法对中国现有猪种２０个群体的ＭＨＳ基因座位的基因和基因型频率进行了检测。结果表明，属于中国的本地品种五指山猪、香猪，引进品种约克夏猪，均不含有ＭＨＳ基因；在中国本地品种二花脸猪和民猪中，发现存在ＭＨＳ基因，且民猪的频率较高（０．１５６２）；培育品种北京花猪，引进品种丹系长白猪和杜洛克猪，均有ＭＨＳ基因；引进品种皮特兰猪、比系长白猪，ＭＨＳ基因频率最高，分别为０．９５２０和０．９４３２；（３）猪ＲＹＲ１／ＣＲＣ基因部分ＤＮＡ序列品种间比较，ＭＨＳＮＮ香猪和二花脸猪的１８４３位为“Ｃ”，而ＭＨＳｎｎ为“Ｔ”；同时还发现一些单碱基的差异     

英、美、新丹系长白猪的屠宰性能比较

选择英系长白猪13头（♂3，♀10），美系长白猪10头（♂3，♀7），新丹系长白猪12头（♂3，♀9），体重达90kg左右时，按GB8467－87瘦肉型种猪性能测定技术规程的标准方法进行屠宰测定，所得资料用SAS软件进行二因子方差分析并作邓肯多重比较。结果表明：新丹系、美系和英系长白猪的屠宰率分别为75．97％、73．73％和76．0％（P＜0．05）；胴体瘦肉率分别为65．59％、61．10％和62．47％（P＜0．05），平均膘厚分别为1．8cm、2．3cm和2．4cm，新丹系与英、美系之间有显著差异（P＜0．05），胴体皮率分别为5．9％、6．82％和6．03％，以美系最厚，与新丹系和英系都有显著差异（P＜0．05），3个品系内公猪的皮率显著高于母猪（P＜0．05），腿臀比分别为31．88％、31．3％和32．7％，品系间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

氟烷基因PCR-RFLP检测技术在杜洛克猪和长白猪中的应用

采用PCR-RFLP技术检测了51头杜洛克猪和30头长白猪氟烷基因基因型的分布情况。结果表明，在检测的杜洛克和长白猪群体中氟炕基因显性纯合子频率分别为0．843和0．933．杂合子频率为0．157和0．067，没有发现氟炕基因隐性纯合子。     

猪MyoG基因的多态性及其对岔路黑猪胴体和肉质的影响研究

应用PCR-RFLP技术分析了岔路黑猪（56头）、嘉兴黑猪（50头）和Ⅰ系金华猪（109头）群体中MyoG基因的基因频率和基因型频率分布,测定了21头纯种岔路黑猪的胴体和肉质性状,并采用一般线性模型分析了MyoG基因型与以上性状的相关性。结果表明：岔路猪群体中AA型纯合子占绝大多数（84％）,BB型纯合子最少（4％）,A基因频率占90％;嘉兴黑猪群体中只有一种基因型（AA）;而金华猪（Ⅰ系）群体中BB与AB基因型频率相当（分别为45％、46％）,B基因频率大约为A基因频率的2倍。MyoG基因对岔路猪胴体重、后腿重、胴体长等胴体性状有显著影响,但对岔路猪肉质性状无显著影响。     

5个猪种CAST基因第二内含子微卫星标记的遗传多态性分析

猪CAST基因第2内含子中存在以GT为核心序列的微卫星座位。分析了长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪、马身猪和山西黑猪等5个猪种227个个体在该座位的遗传变异,检测到4个等位基因,分别是A(171bp)、B(179bp)、C(185bp)和D(191bp)。在山西黑猪和杜洛克猪中,等位基因D的频率较高,分别为0.6389和0.5143;在马身猪群体中,等位基因B的频率较高,为0.6310;在大白猪和长白猪群体中,4种等位基因的频率相近,分别介于0.1389～0.3889之间和0.1417～0.3500之间。在所检测的群体中,共有10种基因型,在长白猪和大白猪群体中,纯合子所占比例较高,其遗传纯合度分别为0.6667和0.7037,而在山西黑猪和马身猪中,杂合子比例较高,其遗传杂合度分别为0.6111和0.5476。由于CAST基因是影响猪肉质品质的候选基因之一,推测该微卫星座位可能对肉质品质有一定影响。     

氟烷基因型PCR-RFLP诊断技术及其对我省种猪的检测

通过从猪毛、猪血中提取ＤＮＡ，用特异性的引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增均能得到６５９ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片断，并用ＨｈａⅠ内切酶消化ＰＣＲ产物，酶切结果能准确检测猪应激综合症，即ＲＹＲ１基因（氟烷基因）的突变。在我省种猪场饲养的长白、大约克、杜洛克和川白Ⅰ系猪中，发现长白猪Ｈａｌｎ基因频率较其它品种高，为９４％，杜洛克为３７％，在大约克和川白Ⅰ系中未发现。     

猪HSD11B1和MyoG基因多态性与妊娠期长短的关系

选择HSD11B1和MyoG2个基因作为影响妊娠期长短的候选基因。在7个中外猪群体中采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了HSD11B1和MyoG2个基因多态性与妊娠期长短的关系。HSD11B1基因的PCR-Bsh1236Ⅰ-RFLP分析结果表明：清平猪、新清平猪母系、大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、中国瘦肉猪新品系DIV1和DIV2系猪群中A等位基因的频率分别为0.538、0.752、0.522、0.941、1.000、0.889和0.594;除DIV2外,HSD11B1不同基因型与妊娠期长短无显著关系（P〉0.05）。MyoG基因的PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP分析结果表明：清平猪、新清平猪母系、大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、中国瘦肉猪新品系DIV1和DIV2系猪群中M等位基因的频率分别为1.000、0.534、0.370、0.115、0.094、0.382和0.243;清平猪中只存在MM基因型,其他群体中3种基因型皆有分布;新清平猪母系MM比NN基因型母猪妊娠期要短,且在经产长白猪中差异极显著（P〈0.01）。     

猪MyoG基因的多态性及其对岔路黑猪胴体和肉质的影响研究

应用PCR--RFLP技术分析了岔路黑猪(56头)、嘉兴黑猪(50头)和I系金华猪(109头)群体中MyoG基因的基因频率和基因型频率分布,测定了21头纯种岔路黑猪的胴体和肉质性状,并采用一般线性模型分析了MyoG基因型与以上性状的相关性.结果表明:岔路猪群体中AA型纯合子占绝大多数(84%),BB型纯合子最少(4%),A基因频率占90%,嘉兴黑猪群体中只有一种基因型(AA);而金华猪(I系)群体中BB与AB基因型频率相当(分别为45%、46%),B基因频率大约为A基因频率的2倍.MyoG基因对岔路猪胴体重、后腿重、胴体长等胴体性状有显著影响,但对岔路猪肉质性状无显著影响.     

Selection for litter size at day five to improve litter size at weaning and piglet survival rate

Selection for total number of piglets born (TNB) since 1992 has led to a significant increase in this trait in Danish Landrace and Danish Yorkshire but has also been accompanied by an increase in piglet mortality. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for litter size and survival to find alternative selection criteria to improve litter size at weaning. Data from Landrace (9,300 litters) and Yorkshire (6,861 litters) were analyzed using REML based on a linear model including genetic effects of sow and service-sire. The estimates of heritability (based on the sow component) for TNB, number born alive (NBA), and number alive at d 5 after birth (N5D) and at weaning (about 3 wk, N3W) ranged from 0.066 to 0.090 in Landrace and 0.050 to 0.070 in Yorkshire. Genetic correlations between TNB and N3W were 0.289 in Landrace and 0.561 in Yorkshire, but between N5D and N3W the estimated genetic correlation was 0.995 in both populations. The approximate estimates of heritability for survival rate per litter at birth (SVB = NBA/TNB), from birth to d 5 (SV5 = N5D/NBA), and from d 5 to weaning (SVW = N3W/N5D) were 0.130, 0.131, and 0.023, respectively, in Landrace, and 0.095, 0.043, and 0.009, respectively, in Yorkshire. Genetic correlations between TNB and survival rates at different stages were negative. On the other hand, genetic correlations between N5D and survival rates and between N3W and survival rates were strongly or moderately positive, except for the correlations with SVW in Yorkshire. The results suggest that selection for N5D could be an interesting alternative to improve litter size at weaning and piglet survival for Danish Landrace and Danish Yorkshire.     

山西地区6个猪种氟烷敏感基因的检测

采用PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、山西白猪、山西黑猪和马身猪等6个品种（系）482头猪进行了氟烷敏感（Hal）基因检测。结果表明,在山西黑猪和马身猪中,只检测到氟烷敏感阴性纯合子（NN）;而在长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪和山西白猪群体中,均检测到NN、Nn两种类型的个体,Haln的基因频率分别4.1%、1.8%、1.4%和1.7%。在今后的育种工作中,应加强对氟烷敏感基因的检测,选育抗应激群体。     

Serum Protein Polymorphism in Some Yugoslavian Pig Breeds

Serum samples from 3 Yugoslavian pig breeds, Resavka, Mangolica and Pfajfer, have been typed for transferrin, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin and amylase by means of starch gel electrophoresis.The iron-binding properties of the variable serum transferrins were ascertained in an autoradiographic study with Fe⁵⁹.The gene frequencies obtained are discussed and compared with those found in other swine breeds, including the Danish Landrace. Even though the number of samples typed was relatively low, and additional data are required, the frequencies found in the Yugoslavian breeds showed a marked difference from those obtained in the Danish Landrace. The different distribution of alleles was especially pronounced in the transferrin and hemopexin systems.     

Testing methods for PSE syndrome: Current research in DenmarkMéthodes de testage sur le syndrome PSE: Recherches en cours au DanemarkMethoden zur Feststellung des PSE-Syndroms: Aktuelle Forschung in Dänemark

The purpose of the paper is to describe research carried out in Denmark in areas associated with PSE.In the carcass, meat colour is used as an expression of meat quality. Meat quality deteriorated until 1972 but has improved substantially during the last 6–7 years.The incidence of halothane susceptibility in the Danish Landrace breed is low. Approximately 60% of the halothane-susceptible pigs had PSE carcasses compared to 22% for the non-susceptible pigs. However, pigs heterozygous at the Hal locus are intermediate in meat quality, and elimination of the gene for halothane susceptibility will lead to a substantial improvement in meat quality. A proportion of halothane-susceptible pigs as well as heterozygous carriers can be detected indirectly by using the H blood group system alone or in combination with the PHI system. This is due to linkage disequilibrium between the three systems within the Danish Landrace breed. Use of the H and PHI systems and the halothane test in combination with full sib information on KK index may increase the genetic gain by 5–30%. However, a greater extra gain is easily obtained by a slight increase in selection intensity based on the KK index alone. Thus, it does not seem profitable to use blood and enzyme types or halothane test as a routine in selection against PSE under Danish conditions. In contrast, these tests are useful within herds with a high frequency of PSE.     

江口萝卜猪和梅山猪的猪应急综合征主效基因RYR1的PCR-RFLP检测

猪兰尼定受体1(Ryanodine Receptor1,RYR1)基因是导致猪应激综合征、影响猪肉质的主效基因.试验采用RFLP方法,以大白猪、2个杂交猪群(杜洛克×长白猪×大白猪和长白猪×大白猪)为对照,检测了江口萝卜猪与引入的梅山猪群RYR1基因的分布类型.结果表明,对照组中,外三元、外二元杂交猪和大白猪中均检测到...     

Prediction of the halothane (Hal) genotypes by means of linked marker loci (Phi, Po2, Pgd) in Quebec Landrace pigs.

Quebec Landrace pigs (n = 896) were halothane tested and blood samples were taken for the determination of Phi, Po2 and Pgd phenotypes. The incidence of the halothane positive pigs was 5.3%. The frequencies of the favorable alleles PhiA, Po2S and PdgA were respectively 29.2%, 39.6% and 64.4%. The highest linkage disequilibrium was found between Hal-Phi (0.0606) followed by Hal-Pgd (0.0428) and Hal-Po2 (-0.0308). Alleles PhiB, PgdB and Po2F were associated respectively with 97%, 81% and 74% of Haln haplotypes. It was concluded that a selection in order to increase the favorable marker loci PhiA and PgdA would reduce the Haln frequency in Quebec Landrace pigs.     

Association of polymorphism in the alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase gene with growth performance in two Western pig breeds in Taiwan

The mutation at 307 bp (M307) of the alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase gene has been proposed as being a marker for selection of E. coli F18 adhesion-resistant pigs. Nonetheless, exactly how this mutation affects pigs' growth performance remains unclear. This study investigated genotypic frequencies and the effect of M307 and the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) on the growth performance of two major Western pig breeds in Taiwan. In total, 1510 (1024 Duroc and 486 Landrace) boars were performance tested using segregated early weaning entrance. The genotypes of M307 and RYR1 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. The performance traits included average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, backfat thickness, and age at 110 kg of body weight. The statistical model included starting age, test season, genotype of M307, genotype of RYR1, and two- and three-way interactions. The data were analyzed within breeds. Consequently, the genotypic frequencies of the AA genotype in M307 were 0.06 and 0.06, and of the GG genotype were 0.53 and 0.64 in Duroc and Landrace pigs, respectively. The genotypic frequencies of the NN genotype in RYR1 were 0.75 and 0.99, and of the nn genotype were 0.01 and 0.00 in Duroc and Landrace pigs, respectively. There was no significant effect of the M307 genotype on the growth performance in either Duroc or Landrace breeds. However, the RYR1 significantly influenced the average daily gain and age at 110 kg of body weight of Duroc pigs. The results suggest that selection of the favorable AA genotype at M307 for E. coli F18 adhesion resistance may not affect the growth performance traits in Duroc and Landrace pigs. However, the effect of the RYR1 on growth performance should be monitored during selection.     

催乳素受体基因对大白、长白猪产仔数的影响

采用PCR—RFLP法对大白、长白猪进行催乳素受体（PRLR）基因多态性检测，结果表明，两个品种的PRLR等位基因B频率略高于等位基因A频率，大白母猪PRLR基因型为AA的各胎平均产仔数比AB型高1．62头（P〈0．05），比BB型高2．41头（P〈0．05）；长白母猪AA型比AB型和BB型相应高1.32和3．33头（P〈0．05）。     

RYRl基因对母猪繁殖性能的影响

用 PCR- RFL P法检测 2 2 5头大约克母猪的 RYR1(ryanodine receptor,RYR1)基因 ,它具有 NN、Nn和 nn3种基因型 ,其频率分别为 0 .76、0 .14和 0 .10 ;等位基因 N和 n的基因频率分别为 0 .83和 0 .17。该基因处于遗传不平衡状态 (P<0 .0 1)。具有 NN、Nn和 nn基因型母猪第 1胎产仔数分别为 10 .2 1、9.6 2和 8.2 2头 ;断奶仔猪数分别为9.2 1、8.13和 7.11头。等位基因 n使仔猪断奶应激效应具上升趋势 ,对增重有不利影响 ;降低母猪的产仔数和仔猪成活率 ,对繁殖性能有不良的遗传效应 ,有必要从母猪群中清除该等位基因。     

不同品种猪α1-岩藻糖转移酶基因遗传变异初析

本实验采用PCR RFLP方法对 5个瘦肉型猪种杜洛克、长白猪、大白猪、汉普夏猪和皮特兰猪共计 2 5 0头猪的α1 岩藻糖转移酶基因 (FUT1)进行多态性分析。结果表明 :本研究中的 5个猪种在该FUT1基因座位存在多态性 ,均分布着三种基因型 (AA ,AG和GG) ,抗性基因型AA分布频率为 0 .0 2 8,易感基因型AG与GG分布频率分别为0 .2 4 4和 0 .72 8。卡方检验结果表明 ,长白猪与大白猪基因型频率差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,与皮特兰猪之间差异显著(P <0 .0 5 ) ,其它猪种之间差异均不显著。