Analysis of Forest Biodiversity Changes in China

By reference of the evaluative data of forest biodiversity changes in China from 1973 to 1998, the variation analysis models of the pressure index of forest biodiversity, forest ecosystem diversity and forest species diversity, as well as the general index of forest biodiversity are developed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Furthermore established is the relevant model of mutation of forest diversity potential functions. This paper points out that changes of forest biodiversity are generally unsteady, especially for the pressure index . The ecosystem diversity index and the species diversity index always fluctuate, resulting in the erratic changes or mutations of general index of forest biodiversity in China.     

Forest Resources and Environment in China

With a vast territory, China is rich in forest resources and diversified environments. The changes in forest resources have a direct bearing on environmental quality. The paper gives a detailed account of the dynamic change in forest resources in China, including the overall process of forest evolution, the status quo and features of the existing forest resources and the development and use of major forest resources. In addition, it analyses the current situation of China's environment and explores the main contributing factors based on the overall environmental situation. In order to achieve sustainable management of forest resources and improve the environment in China, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection and development of forest resources as well as environmental development and improvement. The paper gives an overview of the thinking for sustainable forest resource and environmental development in the future and current focus of efforts.     

Southeast Tibet Forest Fire Environment and Fire Behavior

With the influence of the world scope human being to the forest and climatic anomalies, forest fires in the world show the trend of escalation. US, Australia, Russia and Indonesia one after another had forest fires that were above 1 million hectares (ha). Impacted by the whole world forest fires situation, forest fires in China are very serious in the recent years. Forest fires in northeast and southwest China are unceasing, and the distribution of forest fires has the tendency to move south…     

Forest Mapping with ERS SAR Tandem Data

The feasibility of ERS SAR Tandem data for mapping forest and non-forest cover in China was evaluated over Zengcheng County in the South China. An accuracy of 75% has been achieved. Then, the MACFERST (Mapping China Forest with ERS SAR Tandem data) project started by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China and the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1999. The generation of a large-scale forest map requires solving problems such as the georeferencing and mosaicking of very long image strips covering huge regions and the adaptation of the classification algorithm to account for radiometric differences. Approaches to solve these problems and the classification results in the Northeastern of China will be presented in this paper.     

Development Trend of Foreign Trade Policy for China’s Forest Industry

The paper analyzed the current status of foreign trade of forest industry in China and the national and international market changes. Based on the analysis, the orientation and transformation of foreign trade policy for China’s forest industry were discussed.     

Assessment of China’s Green Public Procurement Policy on Forest Products

<正>How to effectively meet the globally increasing demands for forest products and meanwhile put forest resources and eco-environment under better protection for achieving the balance between protection and growth is a long-term challenge in face of the international community.China is the largest country in world forest products import/export.In such sense,the realistic state and future orientation of China's forest product procurement policy will impose considerable impacts on and play a significant role in forestry industry development in China as well as the global sustainable forestry development.In view of the state and trend of forest product procurement by Chinese enterprises,the paper analyzed the problems and challenges facing China's green procurement of forest product based on the results of field survey carried out for different types of forest product processors,including customers' weak awareness of green consumption,deficient green procurement resources of forest products,high prices of green procured products,limited list of forest products under green procurement,lack of laws and regulations for green public procurement and lack of policy support and green market planning.At the same time,by comparing and learning the experiences and lessons of the UK,Japan,France, Netherland and other countries in green public procurement of forest products,the paper,in line with the national and forest conditions in China,proposed some policy recommendations,e.g. strengthening dissemination and education for raising the awareness of green consumption, updating laws and regulations for government green procurement,adopting marketing means to encourage green enterprises development,updating green product lists to incorporate more green procurement enterprises into government green procurement programs,establishing monitoring and execution mechanism for green procurement and enhancing the oversight of green procurement,with the aim to facilitate China's green procurement process of forest products and quicken China's pace of green socioeconomic transition.     

Forest landscape ecology and its applications in China

Landscape ecology is playing an increasingly important role in resources management and landuse planning in recent decades and attracting much attention from resource managers and scientists in China as well as in the world. Reviews of landscape ecology development in China have been well documented, whereas forest landscape ecology and its applications receive relatively fewer reviews. In this paper, we first present a brief review of the historical development and current advances of landscape ecology in China and then introduce the applications of landscape ecology to forest park designs, urban greenspace planning, ecological restoration, biodiversity conservation and forest eco-hydrology. Finally, the problems with the application of forest landscape ecology in China, such as inadequate synthesis and integration, lack of basic research on patterns and processes, basic data shortage and model usage problem are discussed on the basis of which we suggest a future direction of forest landscape ecology in China.     

State and Potential of Forest Carbon Market in China

China has been making efforts to improve climate changes which have drawn international attentions since China formally signed UN Climate Change Framework in 1992 and ratified Kyoto Protocol in August 2002. The area of China’s forest plantation ranks the first at present so global close attention is paid to forest carbon market in China. This article introduces that 5 110 million t of carbon dioxide equivalent have been sequestrated by China’s forest during 1980 to 2005, China will have 4.2 billion t of carbon dioxide emission reduction market potential and contribute more forest carbon credits to the international community.     

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

Comparative Study on Public Forest Management and Forest Law in France and USA

Though public forests in countries take up a small portion of forests, their importance in respect of environmental side looms large gradually. This paper studies and compares the public forest management and forest laws in France and the USA, attempting to explore the forest operation practice in both countries and the emphasis of the law governing forest management, so that a lesson can be drawn for us to learn in China.     

森林认证助推世界私有林及我国非公有制林业的发展

世界上绝大部分森林是私有林, 而随着我国集体林权改革的深入和国家政策的支持, 我国非公有制林业发展迅速。森林认证对促进世界私有林和我国非公有制林业的发展和可持续经营发挥了重要作用。在分析世界私有林和我国非公有制林业认证发展现状、模式和作用的基础上, 对如何推动我国非公有制林业认证提出了意见与建议。     

“薪炭林”林种商榷

目前我国将森林划分为五大林种,"薪炭林"是其中之一。分析"薪炭林"的概念及其与其它林种关系,结合林业生产经营管理实际,笔者认为,"薪炭林"作为一个林种划分并不妥当,且"薪炭林"作为一个林种在森林区划、经营管理中存在问题,"防护林、用材林、经济林、特种用途林"四大林种即可涵盖如今森林经营的各种模式,传统划分的"薪炭林",应该隶属于用材林,或是用材林中的一个亚林种。     

林改后集体林森林经营方案的编制与实施探讨

针对集体林权制度改革特点和湖南省林改基本现状,分析了林改前后森林经营管理面临的问题,新形势下,提出了包括提高编案质量,强调公众参与;明确编案单元,重视方案的可操作性;加强科学引导,放活经营权;落实采伐限额,完善林木采伐制度等科学编制和执行森林经营方案的几点建议,以期落实林权改革政策,巩固林权改革成果.     

我国国有林场森林经营管理引入森林认证的思考

文中在讨论我国国有林场存在体制机制、森林经营方案、采伐限额和监督检查等方面问题的基础上,从森林认证现状与特点出发,分析将森林认证引入国有林场森林经营管理的必要性;通过分析各利益相关者的职责与关系,提出基于森林认证的国有林场森林经营管理模式和保障措施。     

宁德市国有林场生态公益林森林植被分析

介绍了宁德市国有林场自然概况和生态公益林区划情况,对宁德市生态公益林植被类型进行了划分,分析了宁德市森林植被演替规律和趋势。     

森林认证对林业政策与管理的影响分析

森林认证作为一种市场激励手段和"软政策"工具,林业政策法规作为一种强制性的"硬政策"工具,这两方面在促进森林可持续经营和加强林业管理方面具有较强的互补性。目前,森林认证已发展成为加强林业政策管理的一种新工具,包括促进各方对林业问题和林业政策的讨论、推动国家法规政策的制定和实施、改进公有林的管理、提高森林可持续经营的意识和能力以及加强有关森林可持续经营的国际政策协商等。文章分析了森林认证与林业法规政策的关系,并对森林认证在推动包括我国在内的林业政策管理中的作用进行了探讨。     

林隙影响天然林更新研究进展

林隙干扰是森林循环中经常发生的小规模干扰,林隙的存在为天然林幼苗更新提供了有利的微环境。文中综述了林隙大小、林隙年龄和林隙边缘木在天然林更新过程中所起的作用,以及林隙更新理论在林业生产中实际应用情况,指出林隙更新理论在森林经营上的应用是未来林隙研究中的重要方面。     

和谐林场——论现代国有林场的森林经理

认为没有持续坚持森林经理是当前国有林场普遍陷入“两危”困境的原因之一。论述了建立和谐林场是森林经理的内在要求。提出从现代林业经营思想与中国传统文化完美结合、全面谋划与控制、产权结构调整、林场治理结构完善以及推进国有林场文化建设等方面来重构现代国有林场森林经理,促进和谐林场建设。     

大屏嶂森林公园消防系统设计

通过广东省东莞市大屏障森林公园设计实例,介绍了森林公园的消防总体规划、防火建筑、防火林带设计、消防给水系统设计、监测报警系统设计等,满足了森林公园防火灭火功能,同时注重与环境的协调美观。     

黑龙江省林区森林生态状况

利用森林资源清查数据,对黑龙江省的森林生态状况进行了综合评价,并通过现状的评价为黑龙江省今后的森林生态恢复提供了理论依据.