柳杉人工林皆伐后初期土壤有机碳和微生物量碳动态

本文研究了华西雨屏区柳杉人工林皆伐后1年内土壤有机碳和微生物量碳动态。结果表明:柳杉人工林皆伐林地土壤平均有机碳含量比对照(未皆伐林地)减小2.01 gC.kg-1,但差异不显著,而土壤平均有机碳储量及微生物量碳分别比对照减少20.97 tC.hm-2、6.68 mg.kg-1(P0.05);皆伐林地土壤有机碳含量及微生物量碳均随季节的变化而逐渐降低,但有机碳储量随季节的变化无明显减少趋势;皆伐林地土壤四季的有机碳含量、碳储量和微生物量碳差异不显著。皆伐对柳杉人工林土壤有机碳储量的影响主要表现在0~20 cm土层(P0.05);皆伐林地和对照在0~40 cm土层的微生物量碳和有机碳含量都表现出显著相关性(P0.05),但对照的相关性高于皆伐林地。总之,柳杉人工林转变为采伐迹地后,其初期土壤有机碳储量和微生物量碳都明显减少。     

害虫侵染对有机农业土壤有机碳分解的研究进展

本文通过对气候变化对病虫害的影响、病虫害对经济及土壤有机碳的影响研究可知:气候变暖是病虫害发生的重要驱动力,而病虫害能造成巨大的经济损失,且受侵染土壤有机碳呈显著降低趋势,但关于土壤有机碳的研究仍是科学界的一项难题,故提出用波谱法研究土壤中指示物、研究土壤有机碳的新方法     

火烧对北亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳的影响

[Objective]To study the effect of burning on soil organic carbon and to provide references for post-fire vegetation regeneration. [Method]The changes of organic carbon and nutrient contents in post-fire Cunninghamia lanceolata stand with the soil depth of 0~50 cm in north subtropical areas were analyzed. [Result]The contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), easily-oxidized carbon (EOC) and light fraction organic carbon (LFOM) were higher than those of contrast sample area, which increased by 1.7%~38.0%、6.6%~33.2% and 3.1%~45.7%, respectively. Significant differences were found in the soil layer with depth of 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm (P<0.01). Compared with the contrast sample area, the soil carbon storage in the layer with depth of 0~50 cm increased by 19.1% one year after burning. The TOC, EOC and LFOM were all significantly related to the soil nutrients (total N, hydrolyzable N and available K). After burning, the increase of TOC, EOC and LFOM were mainly concentrated on the surface of soil and the organic carbon contents increased by 9.22 g·kg^-1 in 010 cm layer. [Conclusion]Moderate intensity burning has a significant impact on organic carbon in the soil of C. lanceolata stand in the north subtropical area. Moderate burning can increase the soil organic carbon because the soil can mix the organic residues caused by incomplete combustion of vegetation layer. Replanting in the burned area could be adopted to promote the vegetation restoration.     

土壤微生物生物量碳研究进展

土壤微生物量碳是土壤碳素转化的重要环节,也是土壤有效碳库的重要组成部分。文章从土壤微生物量碳的影响因素、测定、周转以及土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳的关系四个方面综述了土壤微生物生物量碳的研究进展。同时,为今后这方面的研究重点及发展方向提供了参考。     

土壤有机碳损失及影响因子研究进展

综述了国内外关于土壤有机碳储量及分布、土壤有机碳组成及分组、土壤有机碳的迁移和流失产生的机理及其后果、土壤有机碳矿化及其影响因素、外源物质对土壤有机碳矿化的激发效应及其机理等方面的研究进展。     

莽山土壤有机碳及其空间分布格局

根据标准样地取样和实验室得出的数据及莽山第二次土壤普查资料,估算莽山土壤有机碳的含量和储量。结果表明,土壤有机碳含量大小顺序为:黄棕壤>山地黄壤>红壤>紫色土。莽山土壤有机碳总储量约为3.436×106 t,各类型土壤碳储量从大到小依次为:山地黄壤>黄棕壤>红壤>紫色土>草甸土,莽山主要土壤类型有机碳平均密度为195.35 tC·hm-2。莽山不同土壤类型的有机碳平均密度从大到小依次为:草甸土>黄棕壤>山地黄壤>红壤>紫色土,空间分布在106.85~216.83 tC·hm-2范围内变动。莽山表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳密度差异较大,变化范围在41.74~85.67 tC·hm-2之间,面积加权平均值为75.30 tC·hm-2。莽山表层(0~20cm)土壤有机碳储量为1.493×106 t,占莽山土壤有机碳库总碳储量38.55%。     

土壤微生物生物量碳研究进展综述

土壤微生物量碳是土壤碳素转化的重要环节,也是土壤有效碳库的重要组成部分。文章从土壤微生物量碳的影响因素、测定、周转以及土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳的关系四个方面综述了土壤微生物生物量碳的研究进展。同时,为今后这方面的研究重点及发展方向提供了参考。     

农田营造早竹林后土壤有机碳的变化

对农田营造早竹林后不同年限土壤有机碳变化规律的研究结果表明:(1)竹林3年生时,各层次土壤有机碳含量都呈现下降的趋势,其中表土层(0～30 cm)下降幅度最大;竹林满园后,由于采取了集约经营措施,竹林土壤有机碳含量迅速回升,至9年生时,各层次土壤有机碳含量都超过了农田相应层次水平,但是12年生时竹林各层次土壤有机碳含量又呈现下降趋势.(2)土壤有机碳密度变化和土壤有机碳含量相似,竹林3年生时各层土壤有机碳密度均呈现下降趋势;6年生时,除了0～30 cm土层继续下降外,其余各层次有机碳密度都增加;至9年生时,有机碳密度都超过相应农田各层土壤有机碳的密度;12年生时,各层土壤有机碳密度都呈现下降趋势.(3)3年生竹林土壤有机碳储量下降了近22%;以后土壤有机碳储量均逐渐增加,9年生竹林,土壤有机碳储量要超过农田土壤有机碳的储量;12年生时竹林有机碳储量下降,但是依然高于农田土壤有机碳的储量.     

祁连山中段典型植被土壤有机碳密度研究

[目的]探讨祁连山不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量及密度的分布规律,为祁连山区土壤碳库的科学管理及精确估算提供科学依据.[方法]选择分布在祁连山排露沟流域的青海云杉林、灌木林、草地等3种典型植被为研究对象,通过野外调查取样和室内测定分析,研究了3种植被类型土壤有机碳含量及密度的分布特征.[结果]3种植被类型0～60 cm土层...     

不同龄组杉木人工林土壤有机碳贮量及分布特征

对比分析了福寿林场3个龄组杉木人工林0~60 cm土层内土壤碳贮量及其土层分布特征,结果表明:1)3个龄组杉木人工林土壤有机碳含量都表现出随土壤深度增加而逐渐减小的趋势,土层0~20 cm有机碳含量最高,为29.07~35.27 g·kg-1,是土层20~30 cm和土层30~45 cm的1~2倍和3~4倍,而土层(45~60cm)的有机碳含量最少,为5.03~6.68 g·kg-1。2)3个龄组的人工林0~60 cm土层内平均碳含量和碳贮量都表现出了随着年龄的变化先减少而增加的趋势,其平均碳含量的次序依次为成熟林(16.65 g·kg-1)>幼龄林(14.78g·kg-1)>中龄林(13.36 g·kg-1);碳贮量大小顺序依次为成熟林(79.59 t·hm-2)>幼龄林(64.78 t·hm-2)>中龄林(64.74 t·hm-2),3)在0~45 cm范围的土层内,3个龄组的杉木人工林的土壤碳贮量占土壤总碳贮量的百分比在86%~91%之间,说明杉木人工林土壤碳贮量主要集中在这个土层深度内。     

Factors affecting soil organic carbon in a Phyllostachys edulis forest

Phyllostachys edulis plays an important role in maintaining carbon cycling.We examined the effects of soil properties on organic carbon content in a P.edulis forest on Dagang Mountain,Jiangxi Province,China.Based on correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses,the effects of seven soil factors on organic carbon and their sensitivities to change were studied using path and sensitivity analyses.The results revealed differences in the interconnections and intensities of soil factors on organic carbon.Soil porosity,field capacity,and ammonium nitrogen levels were the main factors affecting organic carbon in the ecosystem.Soil porosity had a strong direct effect on organic carbon content and a strong indirect effect through field capacity.Field capacity and ammonium nitrogen levels mainly affected organic carbon directly.Field capacity,soil porosity,and ammonium nitrogen content,as well as bulk density,b-glucosidase activity,and invertase activity,were sensitive factors.Polyphenol oxidase activity was insensitive.Our study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the effects of soil factors on organic carbon,which can be utilised to improve P.edulis forest management strategies and promote carbon sequestration capacities.     

Soil organic carbon and aggregation under poplar based agroforestry system in relation to tree age and soil type

The poplar based agroforestry system improves aggregation of soil through huge amounts of organic matter in the form of leaf biomass. The extent of improvement may be affected by the age of the poplar trees and the soil type. The surface and subsurface soil samples from agroforestry and adjoining non-agroforestry sites with different years of poplar plantation (1, 3 and 6 years) and varying soil textures (loamy sand and sandy clay) were analyzed for soil organic carbon, its sequestration and aggregate size distribution. The average soil organic carbon increased from 0.36 in sole crop to 0.66% in agroforestry soils. The increase was higher in loamy sand than sandy clay. The soil organic carbon increased with increase in tree age. The soils under agroforestry had 2.9–4.8 Mg ha⁻¹ higher soil organic carbon than in sole crop. The poplar trees could sequester higher soil organic carbon in 0–30 cm profile during the first year of their plantation (6.07 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than the subsequent years (1.95–2.63 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The sandy clay could sequester higher carbon (2.85 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than in loamy sand (2.32 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates increased by 3.2, 7.3 and 13.3 times in soils with 1, 3 and 6 years plantation, respectively from that in sole crop. The increase in MWD with agroforestry was higher in loamy sand than sandy clay soil. The water stable aggregates (WSA >0.25 mm) increased by 14.4, 32.6 and 56.9 times in soils with 1, 3 and 6 years plantation, respectively, from that in sole crop. The WSA >0.25 mm were 6.02 times higher in loamy sand and 2.2 times in sandy clay than in sole crop soils.     

Modelling soil organic carbon turnover in improved fallows in eastern Zambia using the RothC-26.3 model

Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20 cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8 t ha⁻¹ in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1 t ha⁻¹ in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2–26.2 t ha⁻¹ in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680–1150 g m⁻² year⁻¹) than non-coppicing fallows (410–789 g m⁻² year⁻¹). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option.     

Spatial variability of soil organic carbon in the forestlands of northeast China

Soil organic carbon(SOC) is an effective indicator of soil fertility and productivity, and it varies spatially and temporally in relation to other soil properties. Spatial variability of SOC in the forestlands of northeast China was characterized using geostatistics. Soil samples at the depths of 0?20 cm, 20?40 cm and 40?60 cm were collected from sixty-three temporary plots to evaluate SOC concentration and density(SOCD) and other soil properties. We analyzed correlations between SOC and soil properties. Soil organic carbon concentrations were high. The total amount of C stored in soil(0?60 cm) was 16.23 kg·m-2 with the highest SOCD of 7.98 kg?m-2 in topsoil. Soil properties in most cases differed by horizon, suggesting different processes and effects in each horizon. Soil organic carbon had positive relationships with total N, P and K as well as readily available K, but did not show a significant positive correlation with available P. Spatial factors including elevation, slope and aspect affected SOC distribution. Soil organic carbon at 0?60 cm had strong spatial autocorrelation with nugget/sill ratio of 5.7%, and moderate structured dependence was found at 0?20 cm, which indicated the existence of a highly developed spatial structure. Spatial distributionsof SOC concentration and SOCD were estimated using regression-kriging, with higher prediction accuracy than ordinary kriging. The fractal dimension of SOC indicated the preferential pattern of SOC distribution, with the greatest spatial heterogeneity and strongest spatial dependence in the northeast-southwest direction.     

Dynamics of soil nutrients in larch plantations

IntroductionThesoildegradationofaFtificialforestisthecoreofresearchforplantationtostabilityandafforestationinChina.lnrecentyears,studiesonsoilfertiIityofplantationshavegradua[Iyincreased.forChinesefir,massonpine,popIar,Iarch,etc.Manyspecificmeas-ureshavebeenputfotwardtomaintainthesoilfertil-ityIevelinaFtificialforest(Pan1997,Yan1997lYan1996).owingtovariabilityofsoilfertilityinplantation,ithasmanydifficuItiestostudythesoiIfertility.Forexample,thesoiIsampIeplothastobemovedhori-zontalIyino…     

Short- and long-term responses of total soil organic carbon to harvesting in a northern hardwood forest

The long-term response of total soil organic carbon pools (‘total SOC’, i.e. soil and dead wood) to different harvesting scenarios in even-aged northern hardwood forest stands was evaluated using two soil carbon models, CENTURY and YASSO, that were calibrated with forest plot empirical data in the Green Mountains of Vermont. Overall, 13 different harvesting scenarios that included four levels of aboveground biomass removal (20%, 40%, 60% and 90%) and four different rotation lengths (60 year, 90 year, 120 year, and No Rotation (NR)) were simulated for a 360 year period. Simulations indicate that following an initial post-harvest increase, total SOC decreases for several decades until carbon inputs into the soil pool from the re-growth are greater than losses due to decomposition. At this point total SOC begins to gradually increase until the next harvest. One consequence of this recovery pattern is that between harvests, the size of the SOC pool in a stand may change from −7 to 18% of the pre-harvest pool, depending on the soil pool considered. Over 360 years, the average annual decrease in total SOC depends on the amount of biomass removed, the rotation length, and the soil pool considered. After 360 years a stand undergoing the 90yr-40% scenario will have 15% less total SOC than a non-harvested stand. Long-term declines in total SOC greater than 10% were observed in the 60yr-60%, 60yr-90%, and 90yr-90% scenarios. Long-term declines less than 5% were observed in scenarios with 120 year rotations that remove 60% or less of the aboveground biomass. The long-term decreases simulated here for common management scenarios in this region would require intensive sampling procedures to be detectable.     

异速模型评估森林植被生物量有机碳储量

在孟加拉的吉大港南部森林地区,利用异速模型评估森林植被的有机碳的储量.异速模型被分别应用测试树木(被划分两个胸高直径级)、灌木和草本植物.采用基部面积估算胸高直径级为从> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 和> 15 cm树木的生物量有机碳储量模型最好,分别有很高的决定系数(胸高直径级> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 的r2 为0.73697,胸高直径级> 15 cm 的r2为0.87703),且回归系数(P = 0.000)显著.其它模型(包括采用树高,胸高直径,树高和胸高直径,以及综合树高、胸高直径和木材密度)的线性和对数关系都表现出很低的决定系数.分别建立了20种优势树种的异速模型,采用树木基部面积的模型都得到很高的决定系数值.单独采用灌木和草本植物总生物量的异速模型有较高的决定系数(灌木的r2 为0.87948,草本植物的r2 为0.87325),且回归(系数)性显著(P = 0.000).生物量有机碳的评估是复杂的和耗时的研究,本研究所建立的异速模型可以应用于孟加拉和其它热带(地区)国家的森林植被的有机碳储量的测算.     

白桦天然次生林土壤有机碳的空间分布特征

为了了解冀北地区白桦天然次生林土壤有机碳的分布特征,以承德市围场县、丰宁县和张家口赤城县白桦天然次生林为研究对象,对其土壤有机碳含量进行了测定分析。结果表明:4个地区的白桦天然次生林各层土壤有机碳含量由高到低顺序依次为赤城县黑龙山、围场县孟滦、丰宁县四岔口、围场县燕格柏,其0~10cm的土壤有机碳含量依次为108.07g/kg、65.61g/kg、52.33g/kg和30.04g/kg;土壤有机碳含量有随海拔升高而上升的趋势;各地区白桦天然次生林的土壤有机碳含量都以表层最高,随着土层深度的增加,土壤有机碳含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势,且随深度的增加,土壤碳含量下降速度逐渐趋缓。     

喀斯特洼地土壤有机碳分布特征及影响因素

为揭示沉积在洼地不同位置土壤有机碳含量的分布特征和相关影响因素,以西南喀斯特典型小流域内洼地底部、落水洞不同部位土壤为研究对象,采集0~150 cm土壤剖面的土样,测定相关理化性质指标,分析土壤有机碳含量随空间位置的变化特征,并探讨土壤有机碳含量与理化性质的相关性。结果表明:落水洞、洼地底部土壤有机碳含量与土壤有机碳储量均为表层最高,呈表聚化现象;落水洞、洼地底部土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量均呈显著正相关,而与土壤含水率相关性不显著(P>0.05);落水洞土壤有机碳含量平均值大于洼地底部土壤有机碳含量平均值,土壤有机碳含量与土壤容重、总孔隙度分别呈极显著负相关、极显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤pH值相关性不显著,表明落水洞土壤有机碳含量变化主要受土壤容重、总孔隙度等物理性质影响显著;洼地底部土壤有机碳含量变异系数大于落水洞土壤有机碳含量变异系数,土壤有机碳含量与土壤pH值呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.05),与土壤容重、总孔隙度相关性不显著,表明洼地底部土壤有机碳含量的分布特征主要受土壤pH值的影响。     

亚热带日本落叶松中、幼龄林土壤有机碳密度和分配特征

本文基于32块样地土壤数据,对亚热带日本落叶松中、幼龄林的土壤有机碳密度及其分配特征进行了分析,结果发现:(1)中龄林的有机碳含量、有机碳密度明显高于幼龄林;(2)混交林的有机碳含量、有机碳密度明显高于纯林;(3)0~80 cm的土壤有机碳密度为172.25 t/hm2。有机碳主要集中在表土层0~20 cm处,此表土层有机碳密度分别是土层20~40 cm、40~80 cm的175.21%、129.52%。在土层相同的情况下,随着土壤深度的增加,其土壤有机碳密度呈下降趋势;(4)与适宜亚热带地区生长的造林树种——杉木相比,日本落叶松林的土壤有机碳含量、土壤有机碳密度均明显高于20年生杉木人工林,说明日本落叶松林土壤的固碳能力大于杉木人工林,从侧面也反映了同样作为亚热带地区的造林树种,日本落叶松林要优于杉木人工林。