长白山天然次生林的主要类型及其经营对策

长白山天然次生林可为以柞树、杨桦、水曲柳和胡桃揪为主的3种类型。其经营的主要措施是在保护的基础上,引进针叶树种。本文还对次生林的改造及抚育提出了建议。     

长白山路域两栖动物调查与保护

不同季节长白山自然保护区路域两栖动物的调查结果表明:长白山路域两栖动物种类主要有中国林蛙、极北鲵、东方铃蟾和中华大蟾蜍。长白山地区的两栖动物生物学特性有所改变,出蛰和产卵期有提前趋势;种类和数量急剧下降。针对产生这一变化的原因进行了分析,并提出了保护措施。     

Strategies on natural forest protection of collective forest area in minority nationality community in China

In the recent 20 years, it is a trend that forest will be distributed to villagers to manage in the world. Also in China, “forestry three determinations” has been carried out since 1980, and many new forestry devolutions have been put forward to and come into being. To face the fact of overusing up natural forest to result in the deterioration of ecology environment, the strategy of natural forest protection project (NFPP) is raised after the heavy flood in 1998. Now, it is paid close attention to systematically study to carry out the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area, especially in the community of minority nationalities. Based on the case of forest resource management in Datu Miao Village, the experience of its forest management in the past is analyzed and the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area are put forward. Foundation item: This project is a part of research project “forest devolution management of IFAD/CIFOR” Biography: L{upuo} Ming-can (1961-), maie, associate professor, vice director of post-graduate school of Southwest Forestry College, Kunming 650224, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

吉林省长白山林区采育林经营技术规程的研究

本文根据长白山顶级森林群落特点及林区现状,以现代林业理论为指导,以吉林省汪清林业局采育林模式为支撑,以林区大量森林调查数据为基础,提出了吉林省长白山采育林经营技术规程编制原则、内容及论据等,旨在用于指导吉林省长白山林区的森林经营。     

长白山自然保护区阔叶红松林林隙更新状况

该以长白山大面积分布的阔叶红松林林隙为研究对象．系统调查了林隙形成木和林隙填充的特征，并对其主要树种的更新环境进行研究。结果表明，长白山阔叶红松林林隙多数是由1．4株形成木形成的，林隙形成木主要是红松、水曲柳、蒙古栎和紫椴；林隙填充中，紫椴和色木槭的数量最多，红松所占比例较小。不同大小林隙内填充的数量也不同，近似呈一个偏左的正态分布。现有的红松幼树一般都分布在林隙内或林隙边缘，更新环境良好。     

长白山国家级自然保护区森林火灾现状与对策

针对吉林长白山国家级自然保护区森林防火工作的特点,分析了森林火灾的特殊性,指出了森林防火工作存在的问题,并提出了相应对策与建议.     

长白山北坡林区的火警特征与林火管理对策

通过对2006年10月发生在长白山北坡的森林火警的分析,结果表明:人为火源是该地区引发森林火灾的重要原因,尤其是在红松籽成熟的季节;秋季人为火源多于春季。针对长白山北坡的林火隐患,提出了林火管理对策。     

Species composition and minimum sampling area of a riparian mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

Riparian areas are unique although often small component of the overall watershed landscape. The structure of riparian forests along Erdaobai River on the north slope of Changbai Mountain were investigated by using field data collected from eight sampling transects perpendicular to the Erdaobai River channel. Two kinds of species-area saturation curves were used to examine the relationship between species number and minimum sampling area. The results showed that riparian gymnosperms accounted for a high proportion of all gymnosperms in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve while riparian ferns and angiosperms accounted for a relatively low proportion. The average minimum sampling areas of riparian forest that included 60%, 80%, and 90% of the community species pool were about 85, 185, and 328 m 2 , respectively; while those for nonriparian forest were about 275, 390, and 514 m 2 , correspondingly.     

长白山国家级自然保护区森林防火无线通讯系统建设探讨

本文介绍了长白山保护区森林防火无线通讯系统的发展过程、现状、优缺点,阐述了当前无线通讯系统改进的必要性和措施,旨在为长白山保护区无线通讯系统改造提供参考.     

Age structure of Tilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical…     

Biomass distribution patterns of ecotones between forest and swamp in Changbai Mountain

This paper studied the biomass distribution patterns ofLarix olgensis/swamp ecotones andBetula platyphlla/swamp ecotones in Changbai Mountain so as to provide theory foundation for the management of these nature resources, by setting up sample belts, investigating initial data along the environmental gradients change, and establishing regression models. By means of regression models, the biomass of communities, layers, tree species and organs was calculated. In this system, it was found that the community biomass increased gradually along the environmental gradients change from swamp to forest in Changbai Mountain. Furthermore, the ecotoneal biomass distributed mainly over tree layer. The tree biomass distributed mainly in two or three dominate tree species. Foundation item: This project is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Education Committee. Biography: MU Chang-cheng (1964-), male, associate researcher fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

论森林采伐与“天保”工程的统一性

保证森林采伐与天保工程有机的统一.首先要提高采伐与天保工程统一性的认识;然后要合理采伐.大力培育速生护林;其次要处理好当前与长远的关系。     

“天保”工程实施后森林采伐的探讨

国家实施天然林保护工程,作为森工企业存在不同程度的采伐。“天保”实施后,如何执行森林采伐。本文作者以方正林业局为例,谈了自己的见解。     

林场所实施“天保”工程之我见

本文论述了实施天然林保护工程过程中如何开展工作,首先加强领导、加大宣传工作力度、努力提高广大干部群众的“天保”意识;依法治林,加大管理工作力度,努力提高伐区作业质量和科学育林水平。其次加强监理,加大防火力度,保护好现有资源。最后是调整结构,发展多种经营。     

Age structure ofTilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Based on a vast of field investigation on stamps inTilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain, age structure of some major species were studied in this paper. The results showed that Korean pine population was composed of grouped patches with different ages. There were not strict intervals among the dominated generations, and the curve of age structure often had two or more peaks. The distribution of broad-leaved species in natural Korean pine forest was grouped or scattered, and age distribution was also uneven-aged. There existed close relation between quality of broad-leaved species and Korean pine. So, it shaped multi-storied and uneven-aged mixed forest. The model of age structure and growth demonstrated their passive correlation, but growth became slow when woods had reached old age. The study was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (Reponsible Editor: Chai Rulhai)     

对森工企业实施"天保工程"的几点思考

本文提出了森工企业实施"天保工程"的几个重要环节即实行森林分类经营、森工企业经营方式转向、职工转岗分流、强化资源及林地管理.     

Check list of water beetles recorded from Changbai Mountain area

Inttxiducti()nWaterbeetlesoftenrefert()apalpic()n1ia,co11stitutcaratllerlargegroupofcolcopter:l,distrit,utedi11allparts()ftIleworld.TI1eyshowagrcatlnorpl1ologicaIdivcrsityal1datremel1tIousrangeil1size.Traditiollalwaterquality11lol1it()ri11gco11sists()fdippi11gwatersampIesoutofstreallls,carryil1gtllesesaIl1plcsbacktolaboratory,andtl1ensul)jecth1gtlle11lt<)aseriesofcllemicalallalyses'ByIookingattI1eco11ce11tratio11sofvariouspolIuta11ts,scie11[istsl1oPC[()makeprc(Iictiol1saboutl1owda11gerous…     

吉林省长白山区侵蚀沟集水区林业工程治理的研究

采用林业工程方法治理侵蚀沟集水区,森林覆盖率可由原来的3.0%～11.7%提高到37.1%～93.5%,土壤侵蚀模数由原来的3 352～4 048 t·km-2.a-1下降到1 708～2 148 t·km-2.a-1,下降51%～72%,径流系数减少48.4%,土壤蓄水量增加2 236.1 m3·km-2,土壤湿度提高36%～48%,治理效果显著。无论平缓台地集水区或坡地集水区其影响治理效果的主要因素均为保留农田宽度,保留20 m宽度的农田治理效果最佳;当采用全部还林措施治理时灌木是主要影响因素,乔灌混交林治理效果最佳。     

强化管理是促进"天保工程"实施的有效途径

随着国家天保工程的实施。我们在天然林保护方面采取了一系列管理措施。以促进天保工程健康，顺利实施。     

土壤温度和水分对长白山3种温带森林土壤呼吸的影响

为了研究土壤温度和土壤含水量对阔叶红松林(山地暗棕壤)、云冷杉暗针叶林(山地棕针叶林土壤)和岳桦林(生草森林土)的土壤呼吸的影响,于2001年9月在长白山进行了土壤实验。利用增加土壤样柱的含水量,将土壤含水量分为9%,、21%、30%、37%和43%5个等级,土壤样品分别在0、5、15、25和35的温度下保持24小时。阔叶红松林土壤在0~35范围内,土壤呼吸速率与温度呈正相关。在一定的含水量范围内(21%~37%),土壤呼吸随含水量的增加而升高,当含水量超出该范围,土壤呼吸速率则随含水量的变化而降低。土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸作用存在明显的交互作用。不同森林类型土壤呼吸作用强弱存在显著差异,大小顺序为阔叶红松林>岳桦林>云冷杉暗针叶林.红松阔叶林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是土壤温度35,含水量37%;云冷杉暗针叶林下的山地棕色针叶土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是25,21%;岳桦林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是35,含水量37%。但是,由于长白山阔叶红松林,云冷杉林和岳桦林处在不同的海拔带上,同期不同森林类型土壤温度各不相同,相差4~5,所以野外所测的同期的山地棕色针叶林土呼吸速率应低于暗棕色森林土呼吸速率,山地生草森林土呼吸速率应高于山地棕色针叶林土的呼吸速率。图2表1参25。