桤木采穗圃无性系树体管理试验

通过对桤木无性系采穗圃植株主干定干高度、枝条修剪强度等试验研究表明：无性系植株的嫩枝总芽数与无性系植株定干高度及枝条修剪强度等密切相关.建立桤木无性系采穗圃,无性系植株定干高度以90 cm为宜,且无性系枝条宜采用轻短截,这样既可提高无性系植株嫩枝总芽数,又扩大树冠,增强树势,保证采穗圃插穗的高产稳产.     

修剪和摘芽对川西云杉采穗母树穗条产量和质量的影响

【目的】通过采取栽培管理措施提高川西云杉Picea likiangensis var. rubescens幼龄采穗母树穗条产量和质量,为优化云杉幼龄母树栽培管理措施提供参考依据。【方法】在甘肃省小陇山沙坝国家云杉种质资源库川西云杉超级苗(实生苗)采穗圃,选择树势基本一致的8年生采穗母树,于芽萌动前(4月中旬),采用随机区组试验设计,进行修剪、修剪+摘芽、修剪+保留枝条(1/3长、1/2长、2/3长)等处理,研究其对采穗母树穗条数量、质量和冬芽数的影响。11月调查试验母树上当年生长度≥5 cm的枝条数量、质量(基部直径和长度)和冬芽数(含可发育成枝条的隐芽)。【结果】不同处理对川西云杉母树当年顶层轮生枝主干上的长短枝数量的影响差异不显著(P> 0.05),对其他枝条数量的影响差异显著(P <0.05)。不同处理后采穗母树当年生长度≥5 cm的总枝条数均显著低于对照,但母树当年新生枝条的增粗和伸长生长均被促进,随着新生枝条的伸长,枝条上的平均芽数增多。不同处理中,修剪+摘芽的处理效果最好,其枝条基部平均直径达到(5.29±1.22)mm,平均长度为(16.28±3.30)cm,...     

叶用银杏园银杏树整形修剪技术研究

连续３年对１￣４年生叶用银杏进行了整形修剪研究，发现１￣２年生实生银杏侧芽发育瘦弱，顶端优势明显；生长季节内除顶芽萌发抽枝外，侧芽难以萌发抽枝；３￣４年以后侧芽发育较为饱满，抽生侧枝数量逐渐增加。休眠期内破坏１￣２年生银杏顶芽，能有效地刺激其侧芽萌发，增加枝梢数量和叶片产量；３￣４年生时休眠期内破除顶芽或轻度短截，再加上生长季节摘心，能明显增加分枝数量，控制株高过度生长，增加群体叶片产量，便于各项     

叶用银杏园银杏树整形修剪技术研究

连续３年对１～４年生叶用银杏进行了整形修剪研究，发现１～２年生实生银杏侧芽发育瘦弱，顶端优势明显；生长季节内除顶芽萌发抽枝外，侧芽难以萌发抽枝；３～４年以后侧芽发育较为饱满，抽生侧枝数量逐渐增加。休眠期内破除１～２年生银杏顶芽，能有效地刺激其侧芽萌发，增加枝梢数量和叶片产量；３～４年生时休眠期内破除顶芽或轻度短截，再加上生长季节摘心，能明显增加分枝数量，控制株高过度生长，增加群体叶片产量，便于各项经营管理措施的实施。     

观赏木修剪

观赏木修剪,因目的不同有以下具体做法。一、修剪具体措施1.植前修剪。为减少水分、养分消耗,可短截部分枝条和过长根系,摘去部分叶片,剪除顶端与主梢竞争的侧枝或摘去多个相互竞争的顶部芽(保留一个顶芽),以提高成活率。     

欧洲云杉苗期生长指标研究

以引进的欧洲云杉和乡土种青海云杉、粗枝云杉种子5年生苗的苗高、地径、当年新梢生长量、分枝数、总芽数及二次抽梢等6个生长指标,进行了差异显著性分析,结果表明,欧洲云杉较乡土种在苗期即具有显著的生长优势,在适生区选择欧洲云杉育苗,即可解决云杉育苗周期长的问题。     

涂高效抽枝宝和刻芽对苹果幼树1a生枝条萌芽和新梢生长的影响

以2013年栽植的‘2001’富士苹果幼树为试材,研究了涂高效抽枝宝和刻芽对拉枝后1a生枝条萌芽和新梢生长的影响。结果表明:涂高效抽枝宝、刻芽和自然生长的枝条萌芽率分别为89.95%、89.05%和69.13%;单株抽出新梢量分别为30.74个、18.41个和16.07个。涂高效抽枝宝与刻芽的萌芽物候期基本一致,均比自然生长的提前2d。自然生长枝条上的新梢生长量要显著高于涂高效抽枝宝和刻芽处理,涂高效抽枝宝处理的新梢生长量与刻芽处理无显著差异。     

西洛3号核桃采穗圃夏季摘心强度试验研究

通过分析5种摘心强度对西洛3号核桃采穗母枝萌发和枝条生长的影响,结果表明,西洛3号核桃采穗圃夏季摘心强度以距枝顶20cm为好,其新梢萌发数比对照(抹顶芽)提高41.47%,新梢长度比对照提高39.1%,新梢粗度比对照提高9.35%,新梢有芽数比对照提高69.03%。西洛3号核桃采穗圃当年生枝长度、基部粗及有芽数3个性状间呈极显著的正相关关系,其相关系数均在0.85以上。     

适度修剪对成熟和过熟天然云南红豆杉复壮影响初步研究

研究结果表明：木里天然生长之云南红豆杉以成熟和过熟林分为主,主梢枯死率平均在78．5％左右,在自然状态下天然更新不良,但该树种在主干或主枝受损后具有较强的萌蘖更新能力;对云南红豆杉成熟和过熟母树进行适度修枝,不仅能有效刺激母树主干萌蘖更新芽的形成和生长,而且能极大地增加一级以上各级侧枝的数量和提高枝条生长量,使成熟和过熟树体焕发生机。其修剪强度以母树一级侧枝上枝径在1．5cm左右的次级侧枝总量的40％-50％为宜;复壮修剪必须经林业相关部门批准和在严格监管的条件下进行,且复壮修剪只能采用短截回缩的方式均匀地在一级侧枝上部枝径1．5cm左右处短截和修剪一级侧枝上的次级侧枝,同时应切除母树原已枯死的枯梢和枯枝,严禁直接在母树主干上剪切一级侧枝。     

思茅松整形修剪技术研究

针对种子园树体整形修剪管理需要,以2年生嫁接思茅松幼树为研究对象,设置矮化整形树体培育及枝条修剪反应两组修剪试验,通过1年试验处理,观测树体整形培育和枝条修剪反应,结果表明：“开心形”和“主干分层形”两种整形修剪处理都达到了预期目标。修剪后侧枝和主干都明显增粗,生长健壮,修剪能够明显的促进侧枝增粗和小枝萌发,一级侧枝粗、一级侧枝长均优于对照组,尤其是中度剪效果最佳。基于试验结果,总结提出了思茅松整形修剪技术。     

1年生青海云杉休眠枝扦插试验

青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）系扦插难生根性树种,为解决扦插枝条生根难、成活率不高的问题,采用不同生长调节剂对青海云杉1年生休眠枝条处理后进行扦插试验,结果表明,处理8（50mg·kg^-1的GGR6号浸泡2h）为最佳组合,1年生青海云杉扦插苗愈伤组织形成时间、成活率、顶梢生长量、顶梢粗度等方面与其他处理差异显著,成活率为81．33％,顶梢生长量3．46cm,顶梢粗度为1．47cm。     

The Effect of Mineral Nutrients on Growth, Flushing, Apical Dominance and Branching in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl

The supply of mineral nutrients had a significant effect onthe growth and form of seedling Quercus petraea. Plants receivinglarge amounts of fertilizer were more vigorous producing longershoots with more buds and branches on interwhorl sections ofshoot and in whorls than those given smaller quantities. Foreach flush there was a significant relationship between budnumber and length of shoot produced. Qualitative effects werealso apparent, high N plants flushed more frequently and producedmore branches per bud. The number of buds on interwhorl sectionsof shoot was greater than in corresponding whorls but whorlbuds had a greater tendency to form branches. Application ofNPK to 10-year-old trees in the field increased the number ofbranches produced during the lammas flush of growth. These resultsare related to growth habit and apical dominance.     

三台核桃的芽生物学特性观察

本文对三台核桃进行动态和定态观测，结果表明：牙于3月下旬开始分化，先后顺序是叶芽、雄花芽、混合芽；品种不同，顶（侧牙的抽生情况不同，其中结果母枝粗是影响顶（侧）芽抽生数的主要性状；雄花芽的抽生数大于混合芽的抽生数，雄花序开放至脱落历时16d左右。     

Participation of ascorbic acid in the dormancy establishment of poplar lateral branch buds

This work studied the participation of ascorbic acid (AA) in the dormancy establishment of apical buds of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall cv. Catfish 2) lateral branches. AA content was highest during the active growth period and decreased to the lowest content during bud dormancy. The accumulation of the oxidised form, dehydroascorbate, was similar in either growth or dormant bud stages. The supplementation of buds with AA at the end of the summer delayed bud set. Similarly, the supplementation of buds with gibberellic acid extended the growth period and kept a high AA content in the apoplast. These results suggest that a decrease in the accumulation of reduced AA might be needed for the dormancy establishment in apical buds of poplar lateral branches.     

Shoot and root sensitivity of containerized black spruce,white spruce and jack pine seedlings to late fall freezing

Damage to containerized forest seedlings due to freezing can occur in the fall or early winter in Canadian forest nurseries. The following spring, damage to shoots and impairment of growth is observed. The objectives of this experiment were to measure the impact of late fall low temperatures (0° to --30°C) on whole seedlings of the three most common species used for reforestation in Quebec: black spruce (BS), white spruce (WS) and jack pine (JP). Impacts of freezing temperatures on (i) whole seedling and apical bud mortality, (ii) shoot growth and root mortality, (iii) stem electrical resistance, (iv) shoot and root water relations, (v) concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and total sugars in shoots were assessed. JP showed the highest rate of whole seedling mortality while WS showed the highest rate of apical bud mortality. JP was the most severely affected: destruction of the root system at low temperatures as well as a reduction of shoot growth and stem diameter and a decrease (more negative) in shoot and root water potential. WS showed a reduction of shoot growth despite no apparent damage to the root system at low temperatures. BS was not affected by temperatures as low as --30°C. Nutrient and sugar concentrations were not affected by low temperature treatments.     

Hormonal control of second flushing in Douglas-fir shoots

Spring-flushing, over-wintered buds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) produce new buds that may follow various developmental pathways. These include second flushing in early summer or dormancy before flushing during the following spring. Second flushing usually entails an initial release of apical dominance as some of the current-season upper lateral buds grow out. Four hypotheses concerning control of current bud outgrowth in spring-flushing shoots were tested: (1) apically derived auxin in the terminal spring-flushing shoot suppresses lateral bud outgrowth (second flushing); (2) cytokinin (0.5 mM benzyladenine) spray treatments given midway through the spring flush period induce bud formation; (3) similar cytokinin spray treatments induce the outgrowth of existing current lateral buds; and (4) defoliation of the terminal spring-flushing shoot promotes second flushing. Hypothesis 1 was supported by data demonstrating that decapitation-released apical dominance was completely restored by treatment with exogenous auxin (22.5 or 45 mM naphthalene acetic acid) (Thimann-Skoog test). Hypothesis 2 was marginally supported by a small, but significant increase in bud number; and Hypothesis 3 was strongly supported by a large increase in the number of outgrowing buds following cytokinin applications. Defoliation produced similar results to cytokinin application. We conclude that auxin and cytokinin play important repressive and promotive roles, respectively, in the control of second flushing in the terminal spring-flushing Douglas-fir shoot.     

Growth and branching habit of rooted cuttings collected from epicormic shoots of Betula pendula Roth

Patterns of shoot growth and branching were studied over two growing seasons in rooted cuttings collected from both epicormic shoots and seedlings of Betula pendula Roth. Epicormic shoots were induced to sprout on stumps and small logs of 5-, 10- and 30-year-old trees. The use of epicormic shoots enhanced the rooting capacity of stem cuttings collected from these shoots but did not appear to reverse the process of maturation. In this study, maturation was based on characteristics typical of mature trees but not necessarily those of the mother plant, because it was not possible to root cuttings, for comparison, from 5-, 10- and 30-year-old ortets, other than from epicormic shoots. There was evidence of the persistence of mature characteristics through an increase in shoot plagiotropism with increasing ortet age. Rooted cuttings from both seedlings and epicormic shoots, however, assumed an increasingly orthotropic habit with a smaller shoot angle at the end of the first growing season than at the beginning and this continued into the second growing season. Other indications of maturation, such as delayed bud flushing and the incidence of flowering with increasing ortet age, were also evident in rooted cuttings from epicormic shoots. There was a clear difference in branching habit depending on cutting source. Rooted cuttings derived from epicormic shoots produced nearly twice as many lateral branches compared with rooted cuttings collected from seedlings, but this was not an effect of maturation. There was some evidence that rooted cuttings derived from seedlings grew taller than rooted cuttings from epicormic shoots.     

Promotion of cone production in potted black-spruce grafts, using gibberellins, heat-treatment and root-pruning

Potted 3-year-old grafts of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] at different stages of lateral shoot elongation were sprayed with different concentrations of gibberellin A_4/7 for a total of six weeks in a heated greenhouse to enhance seed-cone production. Grafts sprayed during the period of lateral shoot elongation produced significantly more seed cones but not pollen cones, while spraying initiated after the elongation did not promote any cone production. Increasing gibberellin did not increase production, but increased graft mortality when spraying was done during the period of rapid shoot elongation. Cone production was highest and mortality lowest with 200 mg l⁻¹ gibberellin A_4/7 spraying that was initiated in the middle of rapid shoot elongation. In a second experiment, potted 5-year-old grafts with or without root pruning were placed either outdoors or in a heated greenhouse during the period of lateral shoot elongation. Heat-treatment during the period of late show shoot elongation had a positive effect on pollen- and seed-cone production in 5-year-old grafts without root-pruning. A combination of heat-treatment and root-pruning appeared to have an adverse effect on cone production. Pollen viability was not affected by the treatments.     

不同断根处理对云南拟单性木兰苗木生长影响的研究

不同断根处理对云南拟单性木兰苗木生长影响的研究结果表明:切断苗木的侧根会对苗龄为5年生的云南拟单性木兰苗木地上部分的生长产生负效应而有利于促进新侧根的萌发,其影响程度与断根的强度有关。其苗木经断根处理后新根萌发较快,50天左右有新的侧根生出,其中以切断云南拟单性木兰大苗的全部侧根于切口喷200 mg.L-1的ABT生根粉的A处理的生根效果最好。断根3个月后每株苗木萌发的新侧根平均数为138.8根,根长≥5 cm的侧根平均数为38.4根,侧根深度达32 cm,最长侧根长度14.4 cm,其苗木的新根萌发已经较为充分,可以出圃种植而能保证有高的成活率。     

薄壳红杂交榛修剪反应规律研究

薄壳红杂交榛具有果个大、果壳薄、抗寒力强的特点.一些山区栽培量较多,但存在因整形修剪不当而造成树形紊乱、结实不多等问题.通过对1年生枝不同程度的短截、长放与拉枝,对多年生枝放任与回缩试验观察,结果表明,1年生枝中截、重截比长放、拉枝在萌芽率、成枝率、雌花芽数和雌花芽率方面明显多,长放、拉枝其萌芽率、成枝率、雌花芽量等方...