转Bar基因抗除草剂两系杂交早稻恢复系Bar 68-1的培育研究

通过基因枪转化方法将抗除草剂基因Bar转入早籼稻两系恢复系D68中,育成了转基因抗除草剂恢复系Bar 68-1和杂交早稻组合香125S/Bar 68-1;Southern杂交检测和除草剂抗性鉴定结果显示,它们具有抗除草剂特性并能稳定遗传。转基因抗除草剂杂交稻组合香125S/Bar 68-1和对照香两优68(香125S/D68)相比,株高显著降低,直链淀粉含量极显著降低,其它农艺、品质和产量性状没有明显变化。     

香两优68保纯高产制种技术

针对香两优68制种“高产易，保纯难”的特点，根据2000年夏秋两季制种实践，提出了相应的保纯和高产技术措施。并分析了在桂林市绍水镇扩大制种的可行性。     

长江中下游地区主要优质稻品种简介

由于从200O年起南方早税稻品种将退出保护价收购范围，优质水稻品种在长江中下游地区得到了较大推广。各地确定的优质稻品种，湖南高档的为湘晚舢2号、3号、5号、9号、10号、11号、中香五号，中档的为中化早5号、中化早81、中鉴IOO、香两代68、培两优288；江西早稻为嘉育948、金优4O2、优14O2、嘉早935、赣早舢37号、香两代68、安两代早25、中鉴IOO，晚稻为中香1号、赣晚讪19号、赣晚税923、江西丝苗、鹰代晚、赣晚舢14号、65002、金优桂99、博优752；湖北优质的有扬稻6号、嘉育948、舟903、金优桂99、常化63、荆优928、金优158、香两优…     

两系杂交早稻香两优68制种技术总结

香两优68亲本特性是异交性状好，花期集中，但母本对“九二0”十分敏感，花期相遇较难控制，在制种上应根据亲本特性，采取趋利避害的技术措施，才能达到高产优质的目的。     

香两优68高产保纯制种技术

通过 2 a制种实践和研究 ,初步摸清了新组合香两优 68双亲特性和制种特点 ,提出了高产保纯制种的相应技术措施。     

抗除草剂两系杂交水稻香125S/Bar68-1栽培试验初报

2002-2003年对转bar基因抗除草剂两系杂交水稻香125S/Bar68-1进行了栽培应用初步试验,结果表明,香125S/Bar68-1去杂提纯靠专用除草剂,苗期喷施1次Basta对保证其纯度和提高产量是至关重要的;各种育秧方式上均可喷施,喷药质量与环境条件是关键,旱育软盘秧有利于喷施Basta操作和秧苗均匀受药,其喷施效果最好.此外,对转bar基因两系法杂交水稻应进一步研究的问题进行了讨论.     

香两优68抛栽高产技术

两系杂交早稻香两优 68抛栽具有早生快发、穗大粒多、产量高的特点。其抛栽高产技术要点为 :培育壮秧、提高抛栽质量、合理管理肥水等。     

保得生物肥在杂交水稻上的应用效果研究

以优质两系杂交早稻香两优68为供试组合，对保得生物肥在杂交水稻上的应用效果进行了试验，试验所用保得生物肥分为土壤接种 叶面增效剂两种，设计了5种施用方法，结果表明：施用保得生物肥能使杂交水稻增产，增产幅度为3．4％－16．4％，其中以秧苗期喷施叶面增效剂配合返青期追施土壤接种剂的效果最佳。用叶面增效剂浸种能提高种子的发芽率，在秧苗期喷施则能显著提高秧苗素质。     

香两优68夏制单产3.75t/hm~2配套技术

阐述了香两优 6 8亲本的主要特性 ;通过有关试验研究 ,结合高产制种生产实践 ,总结了香两优 6 8夏制单产超过 3.75t/hm2 的主要配套技术。     

第4届"袁隆平农业科技奖"获奖人简介

根据袁隆平农业科技奖励基金会理事会决定,第4届“袁隆平农业科技奖”授予尹华奇等10人,每人获得奖金3万元人民币。他们的主要贡献如下。尹华奇男,1943年8月生,湖南杂交水稻研究中心研究员。袁隆平院士最早的两名助手之一。40年来,积极参加了袁院士主持的三系、两系杂交稻育种攻关,取得了丰硕成果。特别是1998年选育出香型两系法不育系———香125S,选配出高产、优质、中熟的杂交早稻香两优68,先后在湖南、安徽、广西等省(区)通过审定并推广应用,取得了较大的经济效益与社会效益,为杂交水稻科研与生产做出了重要贡献。吕保智男,1938年10月…     

NR/ENR/SiO_2复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用机械混炼的方法制备不同ENR含量的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料,使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的动态力学性能和阻尼性能进行分析。结果表明:ENR对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼性能具有显著影响。动态热机械分析测试结果表明,随着ENR用量的增多,NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料在使用温度范围内的损耗因子积分面积增大,阻尼性能提高。橡胶加工分析频率扫描和应变扫描测试结果表明,在频率小于10 HZ不同应变时,加入了ENR的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼因子均高于NR/SiO2复合材料。扫描电镜分析结果证实,ENR的加入减少了SiO2的自聚,改善了填料在橡胶基体中的分散,从而使NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料力学性能得到提高。     

In VitroDigestion of Wheat Microstructure with Xylanase and Cellulase fromTrichoderma reesei

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.     

纳米TiO_2/天然橡胶复合材料的抗菌性研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯掺杂金属Ag制备纳米二氧化钛(Ag-TiO2)水溶胶,并与天然胶乳湿法共混制备得到纳米TiO2/天然橡胶复合材料。紫外可见光谱表明,金属Ag能提高TiO2的光催化性能;透射电子显微镜观察到TiO2颗粒粒径为50nm左右,并且均匀的吸附在胶粒表面。研究此复合材料的抗菌性能结果表明,其具有良好的抗细菌和抗霉菌效果,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率达到90%以上,特别是硫化过后的纳米TiO2/天然橡胶复合材料的抗细菌率更达98.5%。     

Physicochemical Studies on Resistant StarchIn VitroandIn Vivo

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.     

细旦涤麻棉针织物的纤维素酶整理

本文介绍了酶整理技术在细旦涤麻棉针织物上的应用，提出了现在主要三种纤维素酶处理细旦涤麻棉针织物的最佳工艺及效果。     

Polymorphism of Low Mr Glutenin Subunits in Triticum tauschii

A collection of 173 Triticum tauschii accessions was analysed to evaluate the variability of low molecular weight (M_r) glutenin subunits. These proteins were analysed by one-step one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and were divided into B-, C- and D-subunits in accordance with their electrophoretic mobility. Extensive polymorphism, both in the number and electrophoretic mobility, was detected in lowM_r glutenin subunits present in T. tauschii. Thirty different patterns for B-subunits and forty-three for C-subunits were identified, some of which were with identical electrophoretic mobility than those observed in hexaploid wheat. Glutenin subunits with the same electrophoretic mobilities of low M_r D-glutenin subunits as well as subunits encoded at the Glu-D4 and Glu-D5 loci, were also detected in accessions of T. tauschii. These results provide new basic knowledge regarding the genetics variability of the low M_r glutenin subunits, as well as their potential to create novel germplasm for the improvement of wheat quality in breeding programs.     

巴西橡胶树AnnHb1基因的克隆及表达分析

根据一个从巴西橡树胶乳cDNA文库中获得的EST片段的序列设计引物,通过RACE的方法获得了橡胶树编码annexin的cDNA,命名为AnnHb1。序列分析表明,AnnHb1长为1 198 bp,含有945 bp的阅读框,62 bp的5'-UTR和191 bp的3'-UTR,编码314个氨基酸,分子量为35.99 ku,等电点为8.18。该氨基酸序列与蓖麻、麻疯树、棉花、苜蓿、烟草和拟南芥中的annexin的同源性分别为82%、72%、72%、64%、60%和60%。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明AnnHb1基因在愈伤、花、树皮、叶、胶乳中均有表达,其中在愈伤组织中表达量最低,树皮中表达量最高。     

Mating rhythms of Drosophila: rescue of tim01 mutants by D. ananassae timeless

Background  

It is reported that the circadian rhythms of female mating activity differ among Drosophila species and are controlled by an endogenous circadian clock. Here, we found that the mating rhythm of D. ananassae differed from that of D. melanogaster. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of clock gene products on mating activities, we examined the mating activity of D. melanogaster timeless (tim ⁰¹) transgenic fly harboring heat-shock promotor driven-D. ananassae timeless (tim) gene (hs-AT tim ⁰¹).     

Comparative Enzyme Kinetics of Two Allelic Forms of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Beta -amylase

The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties, Franklin and Schooner, contain two different allelic forms of beta -amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) encoded on chromosome 4H by the Bmy 1-Sd1 and Bmy 1-Sd2L alleles, respectively. The corresponding enzymes, referred to as Sd1 and Sd2L, were purified from both mature barley grain and germinated barley (green malt), and their physical and kinetic properties studied. Approximately 4 kDa were cleaved from both Sd1 and Sd2Lbeta -amylases after germination. The K_mvalue for green malt beta -amylase was less than that of mature grain beta -amylase for both varieties when potato starch was used as a substrate, although V_maxwas similar. This indicated that proteolysis after germination increased the affinity of beta -amylase for potato starch. No significant kinetic differences were observed between beta -amylase from mature grain and green malt of the two barley varieties when amylose (degree of polymerisation 100 and 18) and maltopentaose were used as substrates. Kinetic differences were also observed between the two allelic forms of beta -amylase. Sd1 beta -amylase from green malt exhibited a lower K_mvalue for potato starch than Sd2L beta -amylase, demonstrating that at non-saturating starch concentrations Sd1 beta -amylase is better able to hydrolyse starch than Sd2L beta -amylase. As the degree of polymerisation of the substrates decreased from approximately 740 (potato starch) to 5 (maltopentaose), the K_mvalues for beta -amylase increased, whereas V_maxvalues decreased. Maltose, the hydrolytic product of beta -amylase, was found to be a weak competitive inhibitor of both Sd1 and Sd2L green malt beta -amylases with respect to potato starch and amylose. Taken together the kinetic observations for bet a-amylase suggest that the allelic differences and C-terminal proteolysis might be exploited to improve the efficiency of starch hydrolysis during the mashing stage of the brewing process.     

Protein Inhibitors ofAlpha-amylase in Mature and Germinating Grain of Rye (Secale cereale)

The activities of endogenous (R-type) and exogenous acting (D-type) protein inhibitors ofalpha-amylase and the activities ofalpha- and total amylase were determined in milling fractions of rye. High D-type amylase inhibitor activities were detected in the embryo (255 IU/g) and in the endosperm fraction (64·9 IU/g), low inhibitor activities were found in the aleurone layer fraction (25·9 IU/g). The highest R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activity was found in the aleurone layer fraction (32·6 IU/g), and the lowest value in the epidermis containing fraction (5·0 IU/g). The D- and R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities varied with growing conditions. D-type amylase inhibitor activities were found to be high in those samples which grew under drought conditions and low in samples cultivated under wet and cool weather. Higher R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities were found in rye genotypes cultivated under wet conditions and lower values under dry weather. There were small variations inalpha-amylase inhibitor activities between sprout-stable and sprout-sensitive rye genotypes. The D- and R-typealpha-amylase inhibitor activities of all varieties were stable during 72 h of germination. Similar soil conditions will therefore lead to differentialalpha-amylase inhibitor activities depending on weather conditions during growth.