性诱剂和诱捕器诱杀害虫效果简报

通过进行性诱剂和诱捕器诱杀害虫的对比试验,试验结果表明,从诱捕器的诱虫效果来看,不管是单放还是混放性诱剂均以用UMT—B诱捕器的诱蛾量较多。从性诱剂诱芯的诱虫效果来看.不管是用UMT—B诱捕器还是可乐瓶诱捕器,单放甜菜夜蛾性诱剂诱蛾量较多。从诱蛾持效期来看,中科院甜菜夜蛾诱芯诱蛾持效期较长,达30 d左右。     

斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱杀成虫的效果

进行了斜纹夜蛾性诱剂和诱捕器诱杀斜纹夜蛾成虫效果对比试验.试验结果表明,从诱杀斜纹夜蛾效果来看,以放置宁波斜纹夜蛾性诱剂和UMT-B诱捕器诱蛾效果最好;从放置斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的个数来看,则以UMT-B诱捕器放置诱芯3枚的效果最好,其次是2枚、1枚.     

斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱杀成虫的效果

进行了斜纹夜蛾性诱剂和诱捕器诱杀斜纹夜蛾成虫效果对比试验。试验结果表明,从诱杀斜纹夜蛾效果来看,以放置宁波斜纹夜蛾性诱剂和UMT-B诱捕器诱蛾效果最好;从放置斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的个数来看,则以UMT-B诱捕器放置诱芯3枚的效果最好,其次是2枚、1枚。     

斜纹夜蛾性诱剂不同使用方法对诱蛾量的影响

通过对性诱剂及诱捕器不同悬挂使用方法对诱蛾量的影响进行应用观察研究,以期明确性诱剂诱捕器摆放高度、间距等较为合理的使用方法。试验结果表明,诱捕器在时间、气候条件等相同情况下,放置在作物顶端上方30~50 cm,诱蛾量最大;从节本和诱蛾效果来看,放置间距以50~80 m为宜;诱芯以单放为宜。     

3种甜菜夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器田间诱捕效果的比较及盆式诱捕器的改进

2010年9月对目前国内生产中应用较多的3种甜菜夜蛾诱捕器进行了田间诱捕效果的比较。试验结果表明,盆式诱捕器与干式诱捕器在9月上中旬平均诱蛾量差异不明显,但前者在试验后期的诱捕效果显著优于后者;船式诱捕器的诱捕效果最差。针对盆式诱捕器诱捕效率受液面与诱芯距离影响大、部分溺水死虫不易收集、支撑式安装不适宜高架作物等缺点,研制出一种浮萍盆式昆虫诱捕器,并申请了国家实用新型发明专利。     

性信息素在甜菜夜蛾监测与防控中的应用

为了探索有效监测和防控甜菜夜蛾的产品,结合性信息素在甜菜夜蛾监测和防控中的应用,利用性诱捕技术监测秋茬露地花椰菜田甜菜夜蛾发生规律,对比甜菜夜蛾性诱捕技术和信息素智能监测系统的监测情况、甜菜夜蛾迷向丝的应用效果和不同诱捕器诱芯载体的效果等。结果表明：2017—2019年秋茬露地花椰菜田甜菜夜蛾发生的高峰期为秋茬露地花椰菜定植到结球初期;信息素智能监测系统较人工调查性诱捕器诱蛾量更加准确、高效;甜菜夜蛾迷向应用的迷向率达100%;甜菜夜蛾不同载体诱芯中聚乙烯管材质较橡皮头材质诱集效果更好,单日诱蛾量高,诱蛾谱更清晰。     

4种性诱剂对甜菜夜蛾诱集效果及种群动态分析

甜菜夜蛾是危害蔬菜的主要害虫之一,为了推广甜菜夜蛾绿色防控技术,在北京市大兴区开展了4种性诱剂及杀虫灯对甜菜夜蛾诱捕效果比较的田间试验,并分析甜菜夜蛾在本地区的发生动态。结果表明,性诱剂诱捕器对甜菜夜蛾成虫的诱杀数量是杀虫灯的3.59倍,且虫峰明显,诱集效果明显好于杀虫灯;北京中捷四方有限公司生产的PVC性诱剂诱芯及中国科学院动物研究所生产的橡胶性诱剂诱芯诱集成虫总量分别为368.67、337.33头,单日最大诱虫量为23.67、19.67头,显著高于宁波纽康性诱剂,且在虫峰期起峰早、峰值高,更适合在本地田间生产中应用于甜菜夜蛾的田间监测及防治;通过周年监测甜菜夜蛾成虫发生动态,甜菜夜蛾在本地区始现期为4月中下旬,终现期为9月下旬至10月中旬,最高虫峰期散状分布在6月下旬至9月,极易造成秋茬十字花科作物田间危害。     

三种不同材质小菜蛾性诱剂诱芯田间诱蛾效果比较

利用挂胶型诱捕器比较了常规长效诱芯、双孔扁垫柱型诱芯和圆锥柱型诱芯3种不同材质和形状的性诱芯诱捕小菜蛾的效果。结果表明:双孔扁垫柱型诱芯诱蛾效果为最佳,是圆锥柱型诱芯诱蛾量的1.61倍,是常规长效诱芯诱蛾量的1.16倍。在持效期方面,双孔扁垫柱型诱芯同常规长效诱芯相同,好于圆锥柱型诱芯。     

斜纹夜蛾性诱剂和诱捕器的使用技巧

斜纹夜蛾是云南腾冲县蔬菜生产上的一种主要害虫,应用宁波钮康生物技术有限公司生产的性诱剂和诱捕器在无公害蔬菜生产上,诱捕斜纹夜蛾效果极为显著,每个诱捕器平均日诱蛾量为76只,最高日诱蛾量达378头。正确掌握斜纹夜蛾性诱剂和诱捕器的使用方法,才能达到节本增效的目的。腾冲县斜纹夜蛾的发生期为3～11月,在此阶段应连续使用,     

斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾性诱剂在芦笋生产中的应用

性诱剂是人工合成的性外激素,具有强大的引诱力,引诱异性同种昆虫,具有种族的特异性.在斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾成虫盛发期,在田间放置诱捕器,在其中放置含人工合成的斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾雌性性外激素(性诱剂)的诱芯,诱芯缓释雌性性外激素,吸引成熟的雄性成虫前来交配,结合诱捕器予以捕杀,减少田间雌雄成虫交配次数,从而达到降低田间虫量的目的.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。