孑遗植物沙冬青属的酯酶同工酶谱分析

沙冬青属的酯酶同工酶表明：新疆沙冬青和蒙古沙冬青亲缘关系很近，且为独立的种；新疆沙冬青比蒙古沙冬青更易趋于灭绝。本文也为濒危植物沙冬青属的生物多样性保护提供理论根据。     

稻瘟病菌生理小种酯酶同工酶特性的研究

 运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦法对来自江、浙两省经全国统一鉴别寄主鉴定的稻瘟病菌7群12个生理小种的16个菌株菌体酯酶同工酶进行了分析比较,结果表明:稻瘟菌菌体酯酶同工酶带有13-18条,等电点分布范围为3.00-7.20。在等电点4.15附近有各生理小种共同的酶带。同一生理小种群内不同生理小种间酯酶同工酶的相似系数一般大于0.50,不同生理小种群的生理小种间酶谱的相似系数一般为0.30-0.40,也存在少数不是同一生理小种群的小种间酶谱相似系数大于0.50的情况。供试各生理小种间酶谱均存在不同程度的差异,表现为酶带数目的多少和等电点分布的不同。来自不同省份经鉴别寄主鉴定为同一生理小种的菌株间酶谱的相似系数亦仅0.05-0.60。研究结果初步反映出供试大多数稻瘟菌菌株间菌体酯酶同工酶的相似性与致病性有关,但也受菌株来源地生态环境影响。本文还讨论了稻瘟病菌致病性容易变异但在许多情况下又具有相对稳定性的可能机制,探讨在一定范围内聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦技术用于稻瘟菌生理分化和致病性变异监测的可能性及尚待进一步研究解决的穗题等。     

对酯酶同工酶染色方法的一点改进

对酯酶同工酶染色方法的一点改进谭维嘉梁革梅（中国农业科学院植物保护研究所北京１０００９４）昆虫抗药性机理的研究是集昆虫毒理学和昆虫生物化学为一体的工作。在这项研究工作的过程中，取样的部位和时间、分析所使用的药品和分析方法对获得的结果有很大影响，尤其是...     

大麦感染黄花叶病毒后过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶的变化

大麦黄花叶病毒(BYMV)是一种多粘菌介体传播的土传病毒,筛选抗病品种及建立简便有效的检测方法是选育工作中急需解决的问题。利用等电聚焦凝胶电泳技术分析同工酶的变化,可为育种学家提供生化分析参考。     

不同抗瘟性甘薯品种酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶变化研究

 本研究旨在了解不同抗瘟性的甘薯品种酯酶同工酶酶谱型模式和不同抗性品种的特异酶谱型模式,及不同抗瘟性的甘薯品种染病后其过氧化物酶同工酶的变化,从而利用此变化特点,为鉴定甘薯品种抗瘟性提供新的生理生化指标。     

寄主植物对棉铃虫酯酶同功酶的影响

本实验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳法,分析了取食5种不同寄生植物的棉铃虫酯酶同功酶的变化。结果表明:在酶谱上,取食不同植物的棉铃虫体内的酯酶同功酶差异显著,酶带数和酶活性强弱均有不同;羧酸酯酶带数和酶活性高于胆碱酯酶。试验结果还证实了寄主植物中存在某种(待测)物质,诱导棉铃虫体内代谢发生变化。羧酸酯酶是参与这一代谢变化的主要水解酶之一。     

7种小蠹虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究

检疫性小蠹虫的鉴定,因其虫体小,种间形态特征难以准确把握,给木材的检疫工作带来较大困难。当遇到幼虫时还需饲养为成虫再进行鉴定,增加了工作难度。应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对俄罗斯进境木材7种小蠹虫幼虫、成虫的酯酶同工酶进行了比较分析。结果表明7种小蠹虫幼虫酶带数目均比成虫多,酶活性也较成虫强。幼虫和成虫之间有多条迁移率接近的酶带,酶带相似性及聚类分析均证明可以将这些酶带作为种的特征性谱带。研究表明,当形态特征作为鉴定标准较难准确掌握时,可用幼虫或成虫同工酶电泳图谱来鉴定其种类。     

十三株球孢白僵菌酯酶同工酶的初步研究

对13株球孢白僵菌的酯酶同工酶进行比较分析,结果表明,从不同寄主分离的白僵菌具有不同的酯酶图形,同一寄主分离的菌株,其酯酶同工酶也表现一定的异形性。球孢白僵菌对寄主的毒力有较大的专一性,并与酯酶同工酶有一定的相关性。     

不同地区小菜蛾种群的抗药性及酯酶同工酶的研究

用淀粉凝胶电泳对中国 3个不同地理区域的小菜蛾种群和台湾敏感品系的抗性水平及酯酶同工酶进行了研究 ,结果发现 :生物测定显示 3个小菜蛾种群对杀虫双均没有明显的抗性 ;对阿维菌素的抗性分别为 1.2 1倍、4 .51倍和 1.2 5倍。在 Estα和 Estβ基因位点 ,北京种群中存在 11种同工酶 ,其中 4种为 α同工酶 ,7种 β/i>同工酶 ;河北种群中存在 3种 α同工酶 ,5种 β同工酶 ;云南种群中存在 3种 α同工酶 ,3种 β同工酶。 3个种群酯酶基因多态性的产生可能是携带不同抗性酯酶基因的小菜蛾被动运输的结果 ;杀虫双对于能引起酯酶活性升高的杀虫药剂可能无交互抗性。     

用酯酶同工酶技术检测球孢白僵菌株型

对40个不同来源的球孢白僵菌分离株的酯酶同工酶图谱进行了测定,根据图谱对林间放菌前和放菌后发生的白僵菌菌株类型进行分析,进而评价了冬前放菌防治马尾松毛虫的效果。结果表明,酯酶同工酶图谱可以用来鉴别白僵菌菌株的株型。根据图谱将所试菌株归为10个类型。菌株类型与其采集地点、寄主具有相关性。采自同一试验区不同小生境的18个分离株属于同一酯酶型。冬前所放菌株在次年春季4月底前未能检出,导致春季马尾松毛虫种群白僵病的仍是当地菌源。     

新疆伊犁野生阿魏菇的生长发育规律及生境分析

为了更好地保护和利用伊犁野生阿魏菇资源,于2017-2019年采用踏查及实地样方取样和实验室数据测定相结合的方法,对伊犁野生阿魏菇资源的生长发育规律和生境特征进行了研究.结果 表明:伊犁野生阿魏菇是一种分布在伊宁县新疆阿魏原生境保护区内的中低温型食、药兼用菌.生长最适温度为15℃-20℃.发生区土壤偏碱性,且含水率只有...     

平菇蛋白粗提液诱导烟草对TMV的抗性与细胞中防御酶活性的关系

用200 μg/mL的平菇蛋白粗提液处理枯斑三生烟后接种烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV）,在不同时间测定了烟草植株叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonialyas, PAL）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）的活性。结果表明,平菇蛋白粗提液处理枯斑三生烟后,TMV的侵染率下降了70.16%;接种TMV后,平菇蛋白粗提液处理的烟草叶片中的PAL、SOD、CAT和POD活性要明显高于清水对照植株,接种后12 h PAL活性最高,平菇蛋白粗提液处理为清水对照的1.57倍;接种后24 h SOD和POD活性最高,平菇蛋白粗提液处理分别为清水对照的1.55倍和1.51倍;接种后36 h CAT活性最高,平菇蛋白粗提液处理为清水对照的1.6倍。以上研究结果表明,平菇蛋白粗提液诱导烟草抗TMV的活性与烟草叶片内防御酶活性的提高有关。     

木霉可溶性蛋白电泳分析

本文对绿色木霉、黄绿木霉、桔绿木霉、哈茨木霉、钩状木霉、长枝木霉等６种木霉,共２６株菌株菌体可溶性蛋白进行聚丙烯酰胺平板凝胶电泳分析,并进一步系统聚类分析。结果表明,种间蛋白质电泳图谱差异显著,种内菌株间基本一致     

Trichoderma species associated with green mould disease of Pleurotus ostreatus and their sensitivity to prochloraz

Green mould disease causes serious economic losses in Pleurotus ostreatus crops worldwide, including in Italy, where prochloraz is the only chemical fungicide allowed to control the disease. The effectiveness of the doses 0.01, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 μL L⁻¹ (field dose) of prochloraz (Sponix Flow, 450 g L⁻¹), against colony growth rate and spore germination of Trichoderma pleuroti, T. pleuroticola and T. guizhouense strains on wheat straw extract agar plates were evaluated. Complete inhibition of Trichoderma pleuroti and T. pleuroticola growth was shown by the field dose of prochloraz, and also by the 0.25 μL L⁻¹ dose for T. pleuroti. Complete inhibition of spore germination occurred for all Trichoderma strains at field dose, and at 0.25 μL L⁻¹ for T. pleuroti strains. In in vivo assays, the effect of prochloraz doses 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 μL L⁻¹ on colonization of straw substrate by T. pleuroti, T. pleuroticola and T. guizhouense inoculated at two spore densities (10² and 10⁵ spores mL⁻¹) immediately after P. ostreatus spawn was studied. Trichoderma pleuroti and T. pleuroticola were both responsible for green mould disease, whereas T. guizhouense was not pathogenic. Trichoderma pleuroti was more aggressive than T. pleuroticola. Prochloraz was effective against T. pleuroti at the field dose, and against T. pleuroticola at 0.25 and 1.25 μL L⁻¹. The study on Trichoderma × Pleurotus interaction type showed that Trichoderma species were active against the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus by competition for space and nutrients, and neither hyphal interaction nor effect by volatile or nonvolatile metabolites occurred.     

Strain Level Identification of Pseudomonads Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of 16S-23S Spacer Region rDNA

Specific Pseudomonas strains were detected by PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to generate DNA banding profiles. In initial studies, two diverse sequence areas within the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region were located in five closely related Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida strains. DNA banding profiles of 16 different pseudomonads were generated using PCR primers flanking this region, followed by DGGE of the PCR products. Distinct banding profiles were observed for each strain, and specificity could be increased by designing additional primers within the spacer region. A specific primer (513-1) was used to selectively amplify and detect a plant-disease suppressive bacterium, P. fluorescens strain 513, in soil. Six field soils from different locations were used with the 513-1 primer to test the specificity of this technique. Five soils did not yield any gel bands, but one soil led to a faint 250-bp band, similar in size to that of P. fluorescens 513. Resolution of strain 513 from the indigenous strain in this soil was achieved by DGGE of the amplified DNA fragments. The results therefore demonstrate the utility of PCR-DGGE analysis for strain-specific identification of pseudomonads in environmental samples. Received 17 January 2000/ Accepted in revised form 10 May 2000     

苔藓植物生态学研究的数量分析方法

植被数量分析方法在苔藓植被中的应用起步较晚，仅有20多年的研究历史，但发展却十分迅速。这里介绍了目前苔藓植物生态学研究中应用较为普遍的数量分析方法，并探讨了各自的优缺点。     

Gene Flow Analysis of Phytophthora porri Reveals a New Species: Phytophthora brassicae Sp. Nov.

Isozyme analysis and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the 5.8S subunit of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat were used to examine whether isolates of Phytophthora porri from Allium and Brassica represent a single homogeneous species. Twenty-six strains of P. porri, 16 strains isolated from the genus Allium, and 10 strains isolated from the genus Brassica, were analyzed using malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), represented altogether by four putative loci (Mdh-2, Idh-1, Idh-2, and Ldh-2). Isozyme analysis revealed that strains isolated from Allium contained five private alleles at three isozyme loci (Ldh-2 ⁸³, Ldh-2 ¹⁰⁴, Idh-1 ¹⁰⁸, Idh-1 ¹¹², and Idh-2 ⁹⁸), whereas six different alleles were observed at four isozyme loci (Ldh-2 ⁸⁵, Ldh-2 ¹⁰⁰, Ldh-2 ¹¹⁴, Idh-1 ¹⁰⁰, Idh-2 ¹⁰⁰, and Mdh-2 ¹¹¹) in strains obtained from Brassica. The heterozygosity at the Ldh-2 locus, differing in allele composition, however, between strains from Allium and Brassica, was present in all strains, indicating that it is probably fixed. Sequence analysis of the ITS regions and the 5.8S subunit showed consistent differences between isolates from Allium and isolates from Brassica. Based on isozyme data, ITS sequence analysis and formerly published differences in restriction enzyme patterns of mitochondrial DNA, morphology and pathogenicity, it was concluded that the isolates of P. porri Foister did not represent a homogeneous species. Isolates from Brassica constitute a distinct species which is described here as P. brassicae sp. nov. It was inferred from isozyme patterns, which were in no case intermediate between the two species, that P. porri and P. brassicae do not hybridize and are reproductively isolated by barriers to gene flow.     

新疆千里光族植物区系及其地理成份分析

千里光族在新疆有４属２８种,即橐吾属１１种、千里光属１３种,多榔菊属３种和款冬属１种。该族植物区系的各种特征在一定程度上反映了新疆植物区系的特点。     

塔里木盆地北缘植被生活型组成的分析

塔里木盆地北缘地区共记录野生植物123种,在其生活型组成中,地面芽植物居首位,达35.6%,次为一年生植物占22.7%,表现本区植被具有温带荒漠的特殊属性。塔里木盆地为我国最干旱的内陆盆地。这一区域的环境及生物群的特点曾引起有关学者的广泛兴趣。上世纪末至本世纪初,普热瓦尔斯基、别夫佐夫、罗布拉夫斯基等曾先后在新疆进行考察,斯文赫定和斯坦因曾对胡杨作过描述,谢彬曾论及胡杨的分布。1957至1958年间,中国科学院新疆综考队对塔里木盆地的环境和植被进行了大量的工作。此后     

土地整理项目效益的多目标分析研究

土地整理对实现耕地总量动态平衡 ,提高土地生产力 ,改善生态环境起着重要的作用 ,目前已成为社会关注的焦点。本文探讨了土地整理项目多目标分析的模式 ,并且在分析土地整理项目的经济效益、生态效益、社会效益和协调这些效益目标的约束条件的基础上 ,建立了土地整理项目经济目标、生态目标和社会目标优化组合的多目标决策模型 ,它不仅为土地整理项目的效益分析提供定量方法 ,而且为土地整理项目的立项、实施和验收提供了决策支持。