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本文研究了氧化物对红壤、高岭土和合成无定形铝硅酸盐的电荷零点的影响,并讨论了土壤中水合氧化物型表面的区分。结果表明,水合氧化物型表面可进一步区分为电荷性质完全不同的两类亚表面。在所研究的土壤和粘土样本中,有高ZPC的氧化铁(Fe-OH)和氧化铝(Al-OH)表面,是带可变正电荷的亚表面,使样本的ZPC趋于上升;而有低ZPC的氧化硅(Si-OH)表面,是带可变负电荷的亚表面,使样本的ZPC趋于下降。合成无定形铝硅酸盐的电荷零点与样本的Al2O3/Si2,摩尔比呈显著的正相关。 相似文献
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铁氧化物与土壤表面电荷性质的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The relationship between iron oxides and surface charge characteristics in variable charge soils (latosol and red earth) was studied in following three ways.(1)Remove free iron oxides (Fed) and amorphous iron oxides (Feo) from the soils with sodium dithionite and acid ammonium oxalate solution respectively.(2) Add 2% glucose (on the basis of air-dry soil weight) to soils and incubate under submerged condition to activate iron oxides,and then the mixtures are dehydrated and air-dried to age iron oxides.(3) Precipitate various crystalline forms of iron oxides onto kaolinite.The results showed that free iron oxides (Fed) were the chief carrier of variable positive charges.Of which crystalline iron oxides (Fed-Feo) presented mainly as discrete particles in the soils and could only play a role of the carrier of positive charges,and did little influence on negative charges.Whereas the amorphous iron oxides (Feo),which presented mainly fas a coating with a large specific surface area,not only had positive charges,but also blocked the negative charge sites in soils.Submerged incubation activated iron oxides in the soils,and increased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide,which resulted in the increase of positive and negative charges of soils.Dehydration and air-dry aged iron oxides in soils and decreased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide,and also led to the decrease of positive and negative charges.Both the submerged incubation and the dehydration and air-dry had no significant influence on net charges.Precipitation of iron oxides onto kaolinite markedly increased positive charges and decreased negative charges.Amorphous iron oxide having a larger surface area contributed more positive charge sites and blocked more negative charge sites in kaolinite than crystalline goethite. 相似文献
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热带亚热带土壤中存在着性质活跃且含量较高的氧化铁和氧化铝,其对土壤的物理、化学及肥力性质等有着深刻的影响,由于它们带有大量的可变电荷而使其行为在土壤表面电荷性质的研究中倍受关注[1~6]。就氧化铁对土壤表面电荷性质的影响,一些学者采用DCB处理脱去土壤中游离铁的方法,将处理后土壤表面电荷性质的变化归结为游离铁的作用[1~3]。事实上,DCB对土壤的提取液中,存在着一定数量的氧化铝,因此,"DCB提取的游离铁"对土壤表面电荷的影响应视为"DCB提取的游离铁和部分氧化铝"的共同作用。本研究在比较我国中南地区几种土壤的电荷零点和永久负电荷量测定方法、探讨土壤表面电荷特性及其与土壤固相组成关系的基础上[7~9],用DCB溶液处理土壤,观察其正负电荷、电荷零点(PZC)和净电荷零点(PZNC)的变化,以进一步明确氧化铁铝对土壤表面电荷性质的作用。 相似文献
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恒电荷土壤和可变电荷土壤动电性质的研究 Ⅰ.阳离子吸附和pH的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本工作研究了阳离子和吸附和PH对恒电荷土壤和可变电荷土壤动电动性质的影响。研究结果表明,砖红 不同溶液中的ζ电位随PH升高由正值变为负值,均有一个等电点:PH〉5时,在不同溶液之间砖红壤ζ电位的变化顺序为:MnCl2〉ZnCl2≥CaCl2〉NaCl。 相似文献
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研究了中南地区3种土壤的电荷量、电荷零点(PZC)和净电荷零点(PZNC)等表面电荷性质及其与土壤矿质组成的关系.结果表明:(1)从赤红壤、红壤到黄棕壤,永久负电荷量(CECp)趋于增大,主要与土壤的粘土矿物组成和粘粒含量有关;可变负电荷量(CECv)变异趋势不明显,主要与土壤氧化铁铝的组成及含量有关;可变负电荷量占负电荷总量的比例趋于降低;正电荷量趋于减小.(2)供试赤红壤、红壤和黄棕壤的PZC分别为3.90、3.35~3.50和2.96~3.12;赤红壤和红壤的PZNC分别为3.85和2.15~2.84,黄棕壤不存在PZNC.(3)初步提出可变电荷土壤表面电荷性质的指标为:PZC>3.0、PZNC>2.0、PZC朠ZNC<1.0和CECv/CEC8.2>0.4. 相似文献
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CrO42-对两种可变电荷土壤表面电荷的影响 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
对两种可变电荷土壤的研究结果表明,加入铬酸根(CrO42-)能增加土壤的表面负电荷,减小土壤的表面正电荷的量。CrO42-对表面正电荷的影响程度随体系pH的增加而减小,对负电荷的影响呈相反的趋势。CrO42-对表面电荷的影响程度也随其加入量的增加而增加。CrO42-主要通过自身的吸附来影响土壤的表面电荷,因为伴随着土壤表面电荷的变化,CrO42-在土壤中发生明显的吸附。而且土壤对CrO42-的吸附量随其加入量的增加而增加,随pH的升高而减小,与土壤电荷的变化趋势基本一致。 相似文献
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我国几种地带性土壤无机胶体的表面电荷特性 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
研究了用返滴定法测定我国七个不同地带土壤无机胶体的表面电荷特性。结果表明 :( 1 )返滴定法测定的供试土壤无机胶体可变电荷量随纬度升高而逐渐上升。这主要与供试土壤粘土矿物、铁铝氧化物组成及含量有关。一般来说 ,土壤层状硅酸盐粘土含量越多 ,永久负电荷量和其可变负电荷量越大 ;铁铝氧化物含量越高 ,可变负电荷量越低。( 2 )七个地带性土壤无机胶体的Qv pH曲线上在pH5左右有一峰值 ,这可能与供试土壤胶体中铁铝氧化物的ZPC及供试土样层状硅酸盐的边面Si OH基吸附H 及Al OH基离解H 有关 相似文献
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本工作研究了阳离子吸附和pH对恒电荷土壤(黄棕壤、棕壤、暗棕壤和黑土)和可变电荷土壤(砖红壤)动电性质的影响。研究结果表明,砖红壤在不同溶液中的ζ电位随pH升高由正值变为负值,均有一个等电点(IEP);pH>5时,在不同溶液之间砖红壤ζ电位的变化顺序为MnCl 相似文献
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我国长江以南地区的土壤富含铁铝氧化物,其土壤胶体表面电荷具有可变性,显著不同于温带地区的恒电荷土壤,因而称之为可变电荷土壤。开展可变电荷土壤的表面特性研究对农业可持续发展、土壤资源保护等均具有重要的现实意义。电位滴定法是开展可变电荷土壤表面特性研究最直接有效的方法。本文首先总结了电位滴定法的实验条件设置对可变电荷土壤表观电荷零点的影响,在此基础上,归纳了应用电位滴定法结合表面络合模型开展可变电荷土壤酸碱特性的研究进展,分类讨论了黏土矿物组成、氧化物、有机质等相关影响因子对可变电荷土壤酸碱缓冲能力的影响,并展望可变电荷土壤表面酸碱缓冲能力的未来研究。本文将有助于初学者理解可变电荷土壤,呼吁更多学者关注可变电荷土壤的酸碱缓冲特性研究及其在土壤资源可持续利用中所起的重要作用。 相似文献
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ZHU Hao-Wen WANG Yu-Jun ZHOU Jun JIANG Jun LI Cheng-Bao ZHOU Dong-Mei S. P. FRIEDMAN 《土壤圈》2009,19(5):545-553
To investigate the interactions of oppositely charged sites on the surfaces of variable-charge soil particles with cations and anions, and to evaluate the mean Gibbs free binding and adsorption energies of various cations on particles of red soil and latosol, clay fractions smaller than 2 μm were separated from samples of the two variable-charge soils. Ferric oxides were removed from part of the clay fractions, which were then saturated with various chlorides (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CdCl2 or LaCl3). Electrical conductivities (EC) of dilute suspensions of the original and of the iron oxides-free clay fractions in deionized water were measured with the SHP-2 short high-voltage pulse apparatus, which enables measurement of the Wien effect at field strengths (E) from 14 to 250 kV cm-1. The Wien effect (EC-E) curves revealed EC increases of red soil suspensions between 14 to 200 kV cm-1, of 8.3, 8.4, 12.1, 5.9, and 1.2 μS cm-1 for NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CdCl2, and LaCl3, respectively, reflecting the differing interactions with the various cations and chloride. The EC increments with the iron-free red soil suspensions were higher, being 29.7, 17.2, and 15.3 μS cm-1 for NaCl, CaCl2, and CdCl2, respectively. In the natural latosol suspensions the EC increments were practically zero, whereas in the iron-free fractions there were significant EC increments of 10.3, 5.7, 5.0, and 1.6 μS cm-1 for NaCl, CaCl2, CdCl2, and LaCl3, respectively. 相似文献
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应用Multi-Langmuir模型评价土壤的表面电荷特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
用返滴定技术测定土壤的可变电荷量(Qv),应用Muti-Langmuir模型评价土壤的表面电荷特性。结果表明,黄壤和黄棕壤可变电荷量的变化范围在0~45cmolkg-1,红壤为0~21cmolkg-1,砖红壤和赤红壤为0~14cmolkg-1。可变电荷量(Qv)依赖土壤悬液的pH,3点位模型能很好地描述6种土壤的可变电荷量随pH的变化关系;黄壤、黄棕壤、湖南红壤、江西红壤、赤红壤和砖红壤的pK1分别为4.45、4.46、4.76、4.62、4.66和4.74,可变电荷量Qv1分别为11.7、9.64、9.31、7.14、4.86和5.95cmolkg-1。黄壤和黄棕壤pK1较红壤、砖红壤和赤红壤约低0.3。pK1与ZPC呈现极显著的线性关系,可变电荷量(Qv(i))与有机质含量呈极显著的正相关。 相似文献
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在假定土壤对酸碱的缓冲作用全由表面基团反应所控制的基础上,建立了一个描述可变电荷土壤酸碱滴定曲线的模型,并在计算机上对实验结果进行了模拟。结果表明,本模型可以较好地描述土壤酸碱滴定曲线,提供土壤的酸强度(Ka)和酸容量(St),并可进一步提供土壤的酸缓冲容量曲线。本模型对了解和认识土壤酸化和吸附等过程具有一定的意义。 相似文献