Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs:effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivativesOA

Background:Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR) is associated with severely impaired nutrient metabolism and intestinal development of pigs.Our previous study found that IUGR altered intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the colon.However,the consequences of IUGR on bile acid metabolism in pigs remained unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the bile acid metabolism in the liver and the profile of bile acid derivatives in the colon of growing pigs with IUGR using bile acid targeted m...     

Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk supplementation on ileal microbiota,transcriptomic profile,and mucosal immunity in weaned pigletsOA

Background:Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) participating in milk fermentation naturally release and enrich the fermented dairy product with a broad range of bioactive metabolites,which has numerous roles in the intestinal health-promoting of the consumer.However,information is lacking regarding the application prospect of LAB fermented milk in the animal industry.This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk(LFM) on the growth performance,intestinal immunity,microb...     

Maternal organic selenium supplementation during gestation enhances muscle fiber area and muscle fiber maturation of offspring in porcine modelOA

Background:Organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant status and reproductive performance of sows and increases the antioxidative capacity of the intestines of their offspring.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal basel diet(control) supplemented with an organic Se,2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid(HMSeBA),or inorganic sodium selenite(Na2SeO3) during gestation on the antioxidant status and development of muscle in newborn and weaned pi...     

Enterogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia migrates to the mammary gland to induce mastitis by activating the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathwayOA

Background Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland that has serious economic impacts on the dairy industry and endangers food safety. Our previous study found that the body has a gut/rumen-mammary gland axis and that disturbance of the gut/rumen microbiota could result in ‘gastroenterogenic mastitis’. However, the mechanism has not been fully clarified. Recently, we found that long-term feeding of a high-concentrate diet induced mastitis in dairy cows, and the abundance of Steno...     

Selenogenome and AMPK signal insight into the protective effect of dietary selenium on chronic heat stress-induced hepatic metabolic disorder in growing pigsOA

Background: Chronic heat stress(CHS) disrupts hepatic metabolic homeostasis and jeopardizes product quality of pigs. Selenium(Se) may regulate the metabolic state through affect selenoprotein. Thus, we investigate the protective effect of dietary hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid(HMSeBA) on CHS induced hepatic metabolic disorder in growing pigs, and the corresponding response of selenoprotein.Methods: Forty crossbreed growing pigs were randomly assigned to five groups: control group raised in ...     

DHA induces adipocyte lipolysis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a biologically active fatty acid that reduces the accumulation of lipids.However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process, particularly in fish, is not well understood.Recent studies show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers the activation of the unfolded protein response, which has been revealed to play an essential role in lipid metabolism. In this study, we explored the effect of DHA on ER stress and investigated the potential molecular mechani...     

Effect of micro-algae Schizochytrium sp.supplementation in plant diet on reproduction of female rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss): maternal programming impact of progenyOA

Background: The broodstock diet, and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet, is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish. A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). To address this problem, we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp...     

The glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 (GRM5) gene is associated with beef cattle home range and movement tortuosityOA

Background: The grazing behaviour of herbivores and their grazing personalities might in part be determined genetically, but there are few studies in beef cattle illustrating this. In this study, we investigated for first time the genetic variation within a candidate ‘grazing gene’, the glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 gene(GRM5), and tested associations between variation in that gene and variation in grazing personality behaviours(GP-behaviours) displayed by free-ranging cows during winter gra...     

Strategies to improve genomic predictions for 35 duck carcass traits in an F2 populationOA

Background Carcass traits are crucial for broiler ducks,but carcass traits can only be measured postmortem.Genomic selection(GS) is an effective approach in animal breeding to improve selection and reduce costs. However,the performance of genomic prediction in duck carcass traits remains largely unknown.Results In this study,we estimated the genetic parameters,performed GS using different models and marker densities,and compared the estimation performance between GS and conventional BLUP on 35 c...     

High-resolution leaf area index inversion based on the Kernel Ridge Regression algorithm and PROSAIL model北大核心CSCD

Accurate estimation of leaf area index（LAI）plays an important role in ecological，environmental and climate change research. Large-scale LAI estimates can be obtained from satellite remote sensing technology，but they rely on a large amount of ground-measured data with and they have low spatial resolution，which often does not meet the needs of high-precision and large-scale research. In this study，using surface reflectance data with a spatial resolution of 30 m，we tested an inversion method combining the Kernel Ridge Regression（KRR）algorithm and the PROSAIL physical model to invert LAI without a large number of ground measured data. First，the sensitivity analysis was performed on the input parameters of the PROSAIL model to determine the input parameters and generate the simulated data sets. Then，the KRR model inversion between the simulated reflectance and LAI was established. For comparison，we linked two other models，the Multilayer Perceptron（MLP）algorithm and the Random Forest Regression（RFR）algorithm，with the PROSAIL model，to perform high spatial resolution LAI inversion. Finally，we used ground measured data to compare the outputs and performance of the three inversion models. We found that the LAI inversion accuracy of the KRR-PROSAIL model was the highest with an R2 of 0. 8089 and root-mean-square error（RMSE）of 0. 2492. The inversion accuracies of the PROSAIL model linked with MLP and RFR were inferior with R2 values of 0. 7726 and 0. 7118，respectively and RMSE values of 0. 2781 and 0. 2432，respectively. Based on this study we recommend the combination of the Kernel Ridge Regression algorithm and PROSAIL models to invert satellite data to LAI for improved accuracy and high spatial resolution of the inverted LAI data. This methodology provides a method for rapid and accurate inversion of regional high-precision LAI information. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Insights into the architecture of human-induced polygenic selection in Duroc pigsOA

Background: As one of the most utilized commercial composite boar lines, Duroc pigs have been introduced to China and undergone strongly human-induced selection over the past decades. However, the efficiencies and limitations of previous breeding of Chinese Duroc pigs are largely understudied. The objective of this study was to uncover directional polygenic selection in the Duroc pig genome, and investigate points overlooked in the past breeding process.Results: Here, we utilized the Generation ...     

Insights into the role of major bioactive dietary nutrients in lamb meat quality: a reviewOA

Feed supplementation with α-linolenic acid(ALA) and linoleic acid(LA) increases their content in muscle, ALA increases n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and decrease n-6/n-3 ratio in muscle, and LA increases rumenic acid.However, high LA supplementation may have negative effects on lambs’ lipid oxidative stability of meat. When the sources of ALA and LA are fed as fresh forage, the negative effects are counterbalanced by the presence of other bioactive compounds, as vitamin E(mainly α-tocopherol) ...     

Effect of the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood and grape pomace on performance and jejunum response in female and male broiler chickens at different agesOA

Background: Recently, interest in the use of herbs and phytogenic compounds has grown because of their potential role in the production and health of livestock animals. Among these compounds, several tannins have been tested in poultry, but those from chestnut wood and grape-industry byproducts have attracted remarkable interest. Thus, the present study aimed to gain further insights into the mechanisms involved in the response to the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood or gra...     

Chronic heat stress induces renal fib osis and mitochondrial dysfunction in laying hensOA

Background Heat stress in laying hens negatively affects egg production and shell quality by disrupting the homeo-stasis of plasma calcium and phosphorus levels. Although the kidney plays an important role in calcium and phos-phorus homeostasis, evidence regarding the effect of heat stress on renal injury in laying hens is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic heat stress on renal damage in hens during laying periods.Methods A total of 16 w...     

Cinnamicaldehyde regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells

Background: Cinnamicaldehyde(CA) is a key flavor compound in cinnamon essential oil possessing various bioactivities. Tight junction(TJ) proteins are vital for the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function,transport, absorption and utilization of dietary amino acids and other nutrients. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CA may regulate the expression of TJ proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells(IPEC-1) isolated from neonatal pigs.Results: Compared with the control, cells incubated with 25 μmol/L CA had increased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and decreased paracellular intestinal permeability. The beneficial effect of CA on mucosal barrier function was associated with enhanced protein abundance for claudin-4, zonula occludens(ZO)-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3. Immunofluorescence staining showed that 25 μmol/L CA promoted the localization of claudin-1 and claudin-3 to the plasma membrane without affecting the localization of other TJ proteins, including claudin-4, occludin,ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3, compared with the control cells. Moreover, protein abundances for rBAT, xCT and LAT2 in IPEC-1 cells were enhanced by 25 μmol/L CA, while that for EAAT3 was not affected.Conclusions: CA improves intestinal mucosal barrier function by regulating the distribution of claudin-1 and claudin-3 in enterocytes, as well as enhancing protein abundance for amino acid transporters rBAT, xCT and LAT2 in enterocytes. Supplementation with CA may provide an effective nutritional strategy to improve intestinal integrity and amino acid transport and absorption in piglets.     

Enzymatically prepared alginate oligosaccharides improve broiler chicken growth performance by modulating the gut microbiota and growth hormone signalsOA

Background Alginate oligosaccharide(AOS) holds great potential as a novel feed supplement in farm animals. However,the effects of AOS on chicken health and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic preparation of AOS by using bacterial alginate lyases expressed in yeast, investigate the effects of the prepared AOS on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens, and reveal the underlying mechanisms.Results Five alginate lyases fro...     

Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens via reshaping gut microbiotaOA

Background Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) is evidenced to be effective in the prevention and alleviation of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. However, the role of GBE in alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS) in laying hens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of GBE on relieving FLHS with an emphasis on the modulatory role of GBE in chicken gut microbiota.Results The results showed that GBE treat...     

Dietary oregano aqueous extract improves growth performance and intestinal health of broilers through modulating gut microbial compositionsOA

Background Intestinal health plays a pivotal role in broiler chicken growth. Oregano aqueous extract(OAE) effectively exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the protective effects of OAE on intestinal health in broilers and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OAE on growth performance, the gut microbiota and intestinal health. A total of 840 1-d-old male and female broilers(Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated in...