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低温冻害、雨涝、冰雹等极端灾害天气影响蔬菜生产。棚室增温、叶面喷施氨基酸+
腐殖酸等措施可有效缓解作物冻害;采用土壤深松、深翻技术,棚膜深埋弯曲压膜等措施可
有效减轻作物涝害;提前架设防雹网,雹灾后根据不同受灾情况采取相应措施,可最大程度
地降低灾害损失。 相似文献
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正导读:天气与蔬菜生产息息相关,灾害性天气会给蔬菜生产带来不同程度的影响。详细介绍了不同类型的灾害性天气对蔬菜生产造成损失的例子,分析其原因,并提出了相应的避灾、防灾和抗灾措施,以期减轻损失程度。浙中地区自然灾害多发,灾害性天气主要有洪涝灾害、高温干旱、暴风、龙卷风、热带风暴、冰雹、雪灾、倒春寒、低温、持续阴雨等。暴风、龙卷风、热带风暴、冻雪等天气不仅对钢架大棚等设施的破坏 相似文献
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春寒是农业气象灾害之一,它对春季蔬菜生产影响很大,造成的危害十分严重。从气象特征区别,春寒又分低温冷害和晚春霜冻两种灾害,常见的低温冷害主要是在3、4月份出现的持续低温并伴随着连阴雨、光照不足的天气。它对春季蔬菜育苗、保护地果菜类蔬菜生产以及露地早熟... 相似文献
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蔬菜的损失与浪费不仅造成了巨大的经济损失,同时对环境也造成了诸多负面影响。为了减少蔬菜全产业链的损失与浪费,助力食物系统可持续发展,对蔬菜的生产、产后处理、贮存、加工、流通、消费等环节的损失与浪费情况进行梳理,总结了全产业链损失和浪费率高、产后处理环节损失严重、减损潜力巨大等蔬菜损失与浪费的特征,分析了自然灾害、相关基础设施不足、供需信息不对称、非标准化操作、消费者偏好、不合理的消费行为等造成蔬菜损失与浪费的主要成因,阐述了蔬菜损失与浪费对资源和环境的影响,在梳理目前我国减少食物损失与浪费所采用的主要举措的基础上,提出了促进全产业链可持续发展的管理策略,包括多方合力制定减少食物减损行动方案、强化监管推进全链条减损标准建设、总结试点经验形成示范推广、加强教育引导文明健康消费理念等。 相似文献
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持续大到暴雨导致蔬菜田块遭受水淹,易造成涝灾、渍害,田间湿度大,病害多发,落花、落果较多,出现沤根、烂根、死棵、绝收现象。为搞好生产救灾,将灾害损失降至最低,针对洪涝灾害影响、灾后田间管理、灾后恢复生产等方面阐述了蔬菜灾后生产技术措施,对不同受灾程度的田块提出了清沟沥水、及时追肥、抢收抢种和加强病虫害防治等田间管理技术对策。 相似文献
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采后热处理在果蔬贮藏保鲜应用中的最新研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着消费者对食品安全和环境保护的重视,寻找安全的处理方法来保持果蔬采后品质和控制病虫害引起人们的广泛兴趣。采后热处理技术作为无毒的物理处理方法,能够应用于果蔬的病虫害防治,改变对逆境的反应,保持水果品质。在进入21世纪后,热处理受到世界范围内的广泛重视,研究和应用发展迅猛,出现了新的技术和理论。综述了近年来热处理领域的最新研究进展,包括热水喷淋(Hot water brushing,HWB)处理、射频(Radio frequencies,RF)加热处理法以及复合热处理法等对果蔬生理、品质和营养价值的影响及其作用机理。 相似文献
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采后热处理对苹果贮藏性影响及病虫害控制的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采后热处理作为近年快速发展的贮藏保鲜技术,已经应用于多种水果的采后品质与病虫害控制方面。苹果是当今世界上重要的水果之一,热处理在苹果贮藏保鲜方面已得到较为深入的研究。介绍了采后热处理的各种方法及其组合,着重阐明了采后热处理对果实贮藏期间病虫害的控制。此外还探讨了热处理对苹果化学成分、外观品质、成熟衰老、耐热性等方面的影响以及相关作用机制。最后对热处理不当有可能产生的热伤害作了论述。 相似文献
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A. Natalini V. Martinez-Diaz A. Ferrante A. Pardossi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(6):591-597
Tomatoes are important sources of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive molecules. The fresh cut industry is interested in including tomatoes among the fresh cut vegetables. The wounds usually induce tissue degradation and release of juice, which can negatively affect quality during storage. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of ethylene in the processed vegetables using the never ripe (Nr) mutant and wild type tomatoes. The ethylene accumulation affected shelf life and quality based on the differential sensitivity of the genotypes to ethylene. Physiological and biochemical parameters related to membrane stability, phospholipases activities, ethylene and carbon dioxide accumulation were investigated in Nr mutant and wild type tomatoes as processed products and whole fruits. Results indicate that ethylene biosynthesis significantly regulates membrane breakdown. Nr tomatoes showed higher membrane stability, higher tolerance to wounding, and lower variability of physiological and biochemical parameters. Hence, this genotype can represent a genetic source of traits that can be exploited in fresh-cut tomato breeding programmes. 相似文献
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J.W. Buxton J.N. Walker Larry Collins D. Knavel J.R. Hartman 《Scientia Horticulturae》1979,11(1):19-30
Use of deep-mine air to heat or cool a greenhouse has the potential to reduce significantly the energy required for environmental control. The environment is also potentially well suited for growth of many greenhouse crops. Temperatures within the greenhouse were generally maintained at 10–13°C during the night and 16–24°C during the day when solar energy was available. The relative humidity remained at 100% day and night during cloudy weather and fell as low as 40–50% on days of high solar intensity. In addition, the carbon dioxide concentration was near 2400 mg 1?1 throughout the year.Flowering bedding-plants and vegetable transplants of high quality were produced during the spring season. High - quality lettuce was produced throughout most of the year. The production time of all crops was equal to that of crops grown commercially in the area. 相似文献