应用胚胎移植培育“U”系羊新类群的研究

本研究采用澳大利亚进口FSH、LH、PMSG、氟孕酮阴道海绵栓等激素 ,进行超数排卵、人工授精、手术采卵、同期发情、胚胎移植、B超妊娠检查等技术 ,处理优秀美利奴母羊 90只 ,获得可用胚 64 6枚 ,平均7.1 8枚 ( 64 6/90 ) ,移植受体 4 50只 ,产羔母羊 1 89只 ,受孕率 4 2 %( 1 89/4 50 ) ,产羔数 2 69只 ,产羔率1 42 .3 3 %( 2 69/1 89)。其中公羔 1 2 0只 ,母羔 1 49只。“U”系羊新类群初生重公羔平均 4 .84kg ,母羔平均4 .1 9kg。断奶重公羔平均 3 9.4 2kg,母羔平均 3 4 .69kg。 1 2月龄平均体重公羊 80 .3 1kg ,母羊 63 .1 8kg。周岁毛长公羊平均 1 1 .97cm ,剪毛量平均 1 3 .1 4kg,母羊毛长平均 1 1 .74cm ,剪毛量平均 1 0 .2 0kg。平均净毛率达 70 %以上     

中国美利奴羊“U”系新类群

新疆农垦科学院石国庆等,用胚胎移植技术,培育出“Ｕ”系羊新类群。该系羊公羔初生重平均４．８４ｋｇ,母羔平均４．９１ｋｇ;断奶重公羔平均３９．４２ｋｇ,母羔平均３４．６９ｋｇ;１２月龄体重:公羊平均８０．３１ｋｇ,母羊平均６３．１８ｋｇ。周岁公羊毛长平均１１．９７ｃｍ,剪毛量平均１３．１４ｋｇ,周岁母羊分别为１１．７４ｃｍ和１０．２０ｋｇ;平均净毛率为７０．０%以上。２周岁公羊体重平均１１６ｋｇ,毛长平均１１．５ｃｍ,剪毛量平均１４．５ｋｇ,净毛率７０．２０%。２周岁母羊各项指标分别为７８ｋｇ、１１．５ｃｍ、１…     

48～50支半细毛羊选育与提高研究

国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目“48～ 5 0支半细毛羊品种选育与提高”经过五年的实施 ,选育出特一级羊 6994只 ,等级羊 5 0 9万只 ,基础母羊 6 94万只 ,项目区内羊群规模达 13 3 6万只。成年公羊、成年母羊平均体重分别为 88 70kg和5 4 13kg ,剪毛量 6 81kg和 4 76kg ,羊毛长度 17 43cm和 14 95cm ,成年母羊产羔率 110 3 %～ 12 5 7% ,净毛率 71 8%。     

导入澳血公羊对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响研究

试验探讨了通过导入体大高产澳血公羊对甘肃高山细毛羊F1、F2代周岁母羊主要生产性能的影响。从体侧毛长、体重、剪毛量、纤维直径、净毛率等主要生产性能进行了分析比较,为培育甘肃高山细毛羊体大高产品系奠定基础。结果表明:(1)F1代周岁母羊与同龄甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系母羊相比,羊毛长度增长了0.398cm(P0.01),体重增加了3.7949kg(P0.01),剪毛量有所增加(P0.01),毛纤维变粗(P0.01),净毛率没有变化。(2)F2代周岁母羊羊毛细度变化不显明,与甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系母羊相比变粗了1.294μm(P0.01);毛长和剪毛量有所提高(P0.01);体重分别较甘肃高山细毛羊和甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系母羊增加了3.3051kg(P0.01)、1.0648kg(P0.05);净毛率没有变化(P0.05)。     

中国美利奴多胎肉用细毛羊羊毛品质分析

对正在培育的中国美利奴多胎肉用细毛羊的羊毛品质做了综合分析.在毛丛自然长度方面，断奶公羔为4.37cm，母羔为4.43cm，周岁公羊为12.60cm，周岁母羊为11.47cm；羊毛的伸直长度周岁公羊为15.01cm.周岁母羊为14.86cm；羊毛纤维直径周岁公羊为21.67μm.周岁母羊为20.36μm；羊毛密度周岁公羊为5212根/cm^2.周岁母羊为5430根/cm^2.比2002年中国美利奴羊周岁羊相比还有较大差距；羊毛净毛率周岁公羊为64.60％.周岁母羊为65.64％。由上可知.除羊毛密度外.中国美利奴多胎肉用细毛羊总体上符合品种培育的要求.在今后的选育中要注意羊毛密度的提高。     

无角美利奴细毛羊选育研究

自1996年以来，以强毛型澳洲美利奴无角系公羊为父本，康拜克、邦德等品种母羊为母本进行杂交育种，培育无角美利奴细毛羊。几年来共培育出无角美利奴细毛羊16987只，存栏5250只，核心群羊达3250只，其中特一级羊占83．18％；成年公、母羊剪毛后体重分别为107.9kg和57.48kg，毛长分别为12.35cm和11．02cm，净毛量分别为10.91kg和5.2kg。选育的无角美利奴细毛羊具有体格大、毛长、产毛量高、产肉多、净化率高和羊毛品质好等特点，各项生产性能和体型外貌接近澳洲美利奴羊水平。应用无角美利奴细毛羊改良低产细毛羊，取得了明显效果。     

澳洲美利奴公羊对鄂尔多斯细毛羊羔羊初生重影响的研究

为了探讨利用澳洲美利奴公羊导血改良鄂尔多斯细毛羊对羔羊初生重的影响。选择300只饲养管理水平相近,体重、胎次基本相同的鄂尔多斯细毛羊基础母羊,随机分为两组,分别用澳美公羊和鄂尔多斯细毛羊种公羊进行人工授精,记录羔羊初生重。结果表明：澳美杂交后代单羔公羔和母羔平均初生重分别为4．62kg±0．77kg和4．40kg±0．78kg;鄂尔多斯细毛羊单羔公羔和母羔平均初生重分别3．56kg±0．62kg和3．38kg±0．38kg;澳美杂交后代双羔公羔和母羔平均初生重分别为3．66kg±0．74kg和3．86kg±0．58kg;鄂尔多斯细毛羊双羔公羔和母羔的平均初生重分别为3．22kg±0．67kg和2．98kg±0．61kg。澳美杂交后代羔羊的初生重极显著高于鄂尔多斯细毛羊羔羊（P〈0．01）。     

甘肃高山细毛羊育种现状及发展前景

甘肃高山细毛羊是以新疆细毛羊和高加索细毛羊为父本、以当地藏羊和蒙古羊为母本,经过杂交改良(1943～1957年)、横交固定(1958～1965年)和选育提高(1966～1980)三个阶段培育而成的我国第一个高原型细毛羊品种。从育成至今经过了30年的选育提高,为了改善和提高品种质量,先后10次从国内外引进澳洲美利奴、中国美利奴、新西兰美利奴、超细型中国美利奴、超细型澳洲美利奴等外血对品种进行换血改造。目前该品种质量发生了很大变化。2009年种公羊平均体重达到95.77kg,比1980年品种育成时提高了20.77kg,成年母羊平均体重达到49.55kg,比1980年育成时提高了9.55kg。种公羊平均毛长达到10.79cm,比1980年育成时提高了2.59cm,母羊平均毛长达到9.39cm,比1980年育成时提高了1.8cm。公羊平均剪毛量达到10.32kg,比1980年育成时提高了2.8kg,母羊平均剪毛量达到4.56kg,比1980年育成时提高了0.46kg。羊毛细度从1980年的以64支为主体发展为目前的以66支和70支为主体。以甘肃高山细毛羊为遗传基础,先后育成中国美利奴高山型新类群、甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系、甘肃高山细毛羊肉用类群、甘肃高山细毛羊超细品系。     

天祝县南非美利奴与高山细毛羊杂交试验研究

<正>1材料方法1.1试验动物及品种公羊为南非肉用美利奴10只。南非美利奴肉羊原产于南非,后国内引进纯繁,是肉毛兼用品种。早熟,羔羊生长发育快,产肉多,繁殖力高;被毛品质好,羊毛细度以64~68支为主,成年公羊剪毛量5.6~8.2kg,净毛率50%以上,体重115~145kg。母羊为甘肃高山细毛羊1 000只。甘细羊属毛肉兼用品种,成年母羊产毛量达4.6kg,净毛率达44%,体重达55kg,羊毛细度以64支为主,经产母     

48～50支半细毛羊选育与提高研究

国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目“48－50支半细毛羊品种选育与提高”经五年的实施，选育出特一级羊6994只，等级羊5．09万只，基础母羊6．94万只，项目区内羊群规模达13．36万只。成年公羊，成年母羊平均体重分别为88.7kg和54.13kg，剪毛量6.81kg和4.76kg，羊毛长度17.43cm和14.95cm，成年母羊产羔率110．3％－125．7％，净毛率71．8％。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -