A Comparative Study of Confined Concrete Models under Cyclic Loading

In this paper,four models are selected as the representatives and applied to nonlinear dynamic analysis program for space frames which is based on the beam-column elements using the finite element flexibility method and the fiber model.Park's test on combined axial and bending columns under cyclic loading are taken as the calibrations,comparisons to material and structural member level are drawn and the analytical results of various models are discussed.     

An “Orphan” Creative Industry: Exploring the Institutional Factors Constraining the Canadian Fashion Industry

In recent years, tier‐two fashion countries have been making gains in the global fashion industry, with hip young brands, buzz‐worthy fashion weeks and export‐oriented designers. The Canadian fashion industry, on the other hand, continues to fall behind and instead has experienced recent high‐profile closures of leading domestic fashion names. This paper explores why this is the case by considering a wide range of factors from a historical and institutional perspective. We argue that Canadian fashion is facing a number of systemic problems relating to wider institutional and policy weaknesses, rather than a lack of talent and know‐how within the entrepreneurs and businesses in the sector. While the fashion industry is indeed global, we argue that it is in fact national and local level factors—political, economic, and cultural—that structure and constrain the Canadian fashion industry for independent designers. Through exploring the experiences of this group of actors—entrepreneurial fashion designers—in this particular context, we not only learn about Canada as an economy but also what is needed in order to develop the fashion industry more broadly. We provide a framework for analysing the range of socio‐economic, historical, and political factors at the national level which affect the performance of the fashion sector and the operation of fashion designers as the entrepreneurial actors at the heart of the industry.     

Inelastic Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Reinforced with HRB500 Steel Bars

To achieve sustainable development of construction industry, the application of HRB500 reinforcement with high strength and high ductility in RC structures is being promoted in civil and structural engineering in China. But few studies focus on seismic behaviors of RC structures reinforced with HRB500 bars. In this analysis, three RC frame structures on the Zone of Fortification Intensity 8 (0.3g) in China reinforced with HRB500, HRB400 and HRB335 bars respectively, are designed confirming to the latest draft of the revising Code for the Design of Concrete Structures. Then inelastic seismic response analyses of the three frames with multiple inputs of ground motions are conducted. The seismic response rules and seismic performances of the RC frame reinforced with HRB500 bars are compared with those frames reinforced with HRB400 and HRB335 bars. The analytical results indicate that under ground motions in rare earthquake level, the maximum displacements of the frame reinforced with HRB500 bars are roughly the same as those of the frames reinforced with HRB400 and HRB335 bars, while the rotation ductility demand of elements in the former structure is smaller than those of elements in the latter structures. It is also found that the frame reinforced with HRB500 bars develops a plastic energy dissipation mechanism that is dominated by beam hinges under major earthquake, and the maximum inter storey drift of the frame can satisfy the requirement in the Code for the RC Frame Structures.     

Inelastic Seismic Response of Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Regular Frames

With an inelastic dynamic analysis program developed by the authors, seismic response analysis of regular RC frames designed to Chinese codes in different earthquake fortification zones are carried out. The results indicate that the displacement responses of structures are improved due to the more rigorous limitation on the inter-story drift under frequent earthquakes in the revised codes. The frames in seismic-intensity-9 zone designed to the former codes and the revised codes form plastic energy-dissipated mechanisms mostly With beam hinges, which can satisfy the requirement of seismic performance expectably. The frame in seismic-intensity-8 zone designed to the former code forms a plastic energy- dissipated mechanisms mostly with column hinges and shows a risk of occurrence of story-sway mechanism, while the frame in seismic-intensity-8 zone designed to the revised codes exhibits a relatively improved seismic performance but still with excessive column hinges, which suggests a need to further increase the column moment amplification measures for this kind of frames. The frame in seismic-intensity-7 zone shows a somewhat improved seismic performance than the frames in seismic-intensity-8 zone, but the protection to columns by the seismic measures is sill insufficient, which indicates that the column moment amplification measures for this kind of frames should be enhanced further.     

The Effect of Axial Compression on the Prestressed Concrete Frame under Vertical load

For prestressed frames, the axial compression ratio will affect not only the ductility of structures but also the structural internal force.Based on the computer-calculation for four groups of 24 prestressed frames combined with the references, in this paper, the effects of axial compression ratio on the prestressed frames are studied and discussed through three aspects: the second-order effect, the axial deformation of frame-columns and the comparison with ordinary concrete frames.The study results show that the effects of axial compression ratio on the prestressed frames and the ordinary concrete frames are basically consistent, but there are some self-born characteristics.As a whole, the effect of axial compression ratio on the prestressed frames is more notable than that on the ordinary concrete frames, but under common situation the effect is small.     

Engineering Calculation Mode Based on Reformative B/S Architecture

Engineering designed mode has entered a new stage because of the development of network. New calculating system based on network appeared. By analyzing the common B/S architecture, this paper brings forward an reformative architecture based on Web services and ASP. NET in order to build the new mode of engineering calculation. It can fully implement the sharing of the resources and provide the engineering designers a wonderful calculating environment, and the working eifficiency of designers can be enhanced.     

Microstructures, Reaction Kinetics and Properties of Reaction Between Magnesium and Silica Glass

In earlier calculation models,the stiffness centers in frame-shear wall structures have been located by the structural torsion stiffness.However,the results are illogical owing to the difference between the distortion character and the shears distribute mechanism of the frames and shear walls.In this paper,a new formula for calculating story stiffness is introduced,which can consider the stiffness of the frames and shear walls at the same time.The structural stiffness centers,the torsion eccentric distances and torsion effect are calculated,and the stiffness of elements is considered also.It is shown that the concept of the presented stiffness model is clear and the results are reasonable,which can be used to calculate the appreciative torsion effect.     

Assessment System for Green Building from the Angle of Ecological Design ---Taking the CASBEE, LEED and GOBAS as Example

In this paper,first,three assessment systems for green building,namely the LEED(USA) and GOBAS(China) are compared with CASBEE(Japan) in respect of central concepts,mark of evaluation and result of assessment.It is expected that this research of assessment systems could be helpful to designers of architecture in different specialties.Secondly,in this paper these three assessment systems are analyzed from the position of design work.In the end,it is pointed out that to compile a design-oriented handbook for green building design is the new domain of the assessment system for green building.     

Experimental Investigation of "Column with Weaker Beam" Frame and "Column with Equally Strong Beam" Frame

By the way of experiment and analysis of two "one story and one bay" reinforced concrete frames, namely a "beam with weaker column" frame and a "column with equally strong beam" frame, the features of internal force redistribution are investigated and an elementary comparison about bending moment redistribution of three kinds of frames namely the "column with weaker beam", "beam with weaker column" and "column with equally strong beam" is given. Through this comparison, the objective existence of such "three kinds of frame" is proven, the moment redistribution is different for each frame and for the moment modulation, the elastic moment diagram and the difference of the internal force redistribution in different frames should be considered together.     

Nonlinear Analysis Technique of Refined Plastic-hinge Method for Steel Frame Structures

The refined plastic-hinge method is one of the simplified advanced analysis methods. The second order effects of the whole structure and its members, geometric imperfections and residual stress as well as the feature of semi-rigid connections can be taken into account in this method. The refined plastic-hinge method can be used in advanced analysis and design of planar steel frames, while its use in the advanced analysis of space frames needs to be developed. The technique associated with the dealing of different inelastic factors in advanced analysis of both the planar and space steel frames with practical refined plastic-hinge method and the available way to extend planar frame analysis to space frame analysis are reviewed in detail. The problems of the refined plastic-hinge method for advanced analysis are discussed in this paper.     

Woody Climbing Plants and Their Landscaping Application in Chongqing City

There are a variety of woody climbing plants distributed widely in Chongqing City, and they are loved by landscape designers due to their special form and saving space. In respect of actual application,there is a big difference between various species of woody climbing plants in terms of proportion. In this paper, woody climbing plants in Chongqing City were investigated. The results show that there are74 species of woody climbing plants suitable for landscape in Chongqing City. The research can provide reference for the application of woody climbing plants in landscape greening in Chongqing City in future.     

Key Links and Solutions for the Relationshipsabout Reconstruction of Old Buildings

Following the rapid development of the revolutions in housing system,reconstruction of old buildings is rising.In order to make the reconstruction proceed smoothly,in this paper the author studies the secondary parts,reinforcing foundation,dismantlement of some parts of an old building,linkage of new and old frames,solutions for the four relationships,and others.     

Application of Fractals in Architectural Shape Design

A computer aided method for architectural shape design was developed based on the L systems algorithm, the shape grammar and the space surface equation theory. Various 3D entities such as building grounds, building walls and building domes with fractal characteristics could be generated in a short time by using the computer program. These generative 3D entities were saved in a component database which could help to accumulate design knowledge through continuous expansion. A building could successfully be formed by the designers through selecting proper building grounds, walls and domes from this database. The effectiveness of the proposed method was approved with a case study.     

Discussion on Passivhaus Technology System and Its Engineering Application

Passivh aus technology is gradually applied in kinds of projects around the world because of excellent energy-saving effect since it was invented. It is becoming a new tendency of the development of building energy efficiency. In this paper, the concept, contents, and evaluation criteria of Passivhaus technology system are introduced, and the latest domestic and foreign cases using Passivhaus technology system are analyzed. It is concluded that building designers should focus on their profession in the Passivhaus technology system in order to achieve the goal of improving indoor environment quality and building energy efficiency.     

Factors Affecting the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Cold-Formed Steel Portal Frames

The FEM simulation analysis method was studied to identify the ultimate bearing capacity of cold-formed steel portal frames.In this study,the beam-spring system was used to simulate the performance of joints.The initial imperfection of frame components was considered.The deformation performance and failure features of portal frame structures under vertical loads also were studied.The analytic results of the FEM simulation analysis method are close to the values obtained by experimentation.The ultimate bearing capacity of portal frames were computed by changing parameters such as the web plate thickness,the flange width,the plate thickness of brackets,the portal frame roof inclination,and the column footing stiffness.The analytic results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity may be improved when the parameters mentioned above are increased.     

Production System Changes in the Korean Consumer Electronics Sector

This paper establishes the concept of production system as an analytical framework to embrace recent industrial changes. Five dimensions of production system changes are posited. A case study of the Korean consumer electronics sector shows that the companies have experienced diverse patterns of changes, but these changes are generally related to plant location, ownership, export orientation, and company size.     

Study on the Sand Duct Pressure and Energy Dissipation for Tongkou Hydro Power Station

Tongkou power station is an all-round hydro project,where the mixed exploitation mode is adopted with mainly for power generation.Integrated with the model test result,the duct discharge capacity and flow coefficient in various discharge hole are discussed,the influence of duct shape on inlet pressure,energy dissipation and tail water is analyzed,the improvement measures on conveyer way pressure and energy dissipation are put forward too.The achievements of this study have been adopted by the designers.     

Enlightenment from Chaos Theory for Urban Planning: Seeking Order out of Chaos

As a new discipline, Chaos theory was ushered in the revolution in physics of the 20th century, which is of jistoric significance. Chaos theory is concerned with the objects in our tangible world (macro world) with the measure of human beings. In this paper, a brief analysis of chaos theory and fractals is given and then the enlightenment and new perspective for urban planning from chaos and chaos theory are illustrated. The author hopes that!this paper could draw the concerns of designers regarding the application of chaos in urban planning.     

Horizontal Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of Multi-story Multi-span Steel Plate Shear Wails system

The effectiveness of equivalent strip model calculating the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of multi-story steel plate shear walls(SPSW)by using the software SAP2000 to make Pushover analysis was demonstrated by comparing the simulated values with results from experimental studies performed by different researchers.The effect of different slenderness ratios on the ultimate bearing capacity of four-story single-span SPSW and four-story three-span dual steel shear walls system subjected to the inverse triangular load was obtained by the verified analytical model,which was compared with the performance of corresponding bare frames.The slenderness ratio of 250~300 is suggested for the design of SPSW.     

STUDY OF SOLUTION METHODS FOR SEPARATOR EQUATIONS OF HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION

In this paper, an analytical solution,approximate solution of initial retention, steady-state solution and numerical solution of separator equations of high gradient magnetic separation are discussed. A backward-vave method used to improve the steady-state solution and Treanor-four order Taylor numerical method are suggested for magnetic separator equations and are compared with experimental results.