不同日龄海兰种鸡血液生理指标的测定

[目的]研究不同日龄海兰种鸡血液生理指标的变化情况。[方法]采用计数板法、血涂片法、血液全自动分析仪测定法等,分别测定了11组不同日龄的海兰种鸡的18项血液生理指标：出血时间、凝血时间、红细胞沉降率、白细胞计数、白细胞分类（嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞,淋巴细胞、单核细胞）、红细胞计数、红细胞压积容量、平均红细胞体积、红细胞平均分布宽度、血色素、平均红细胞血色素、平均细胞血色素浓度、血小板计数、平均血小板体积,然后对测定值进行组间Duncan比较,并对组间差异进行了统计学分析。[结果]在所测定的18项血液生理指标中,只有平均红细胞体积与平均血小板体积2项指标,各组之间差异不显著,其余各项测定指标。各组之间均差异显著或者差异极显著。[结论]海兰种鸡大多数血液生理指标随日龄不同而存在差异。     

Fluctuation tests with antibody-forming spleen cell populations

Shortly after immunization of mice, cells forming specific antibodies to one antigen, for example, sheep red blood cells, are nonrandomly distributed throughout the spleen. If the spleen donor has been immunized with two different antigens, for example, sheep red blood cells and chicken red blood cells, the nonrandom distribution of spleen cells forming antibody to one antigen differs significantly from that of cells forming antibody to the other antigen. These findings are in accord with a clonal distribution of antibody-forming cells.     

A "D"-like antigen in rhesus red blood cells and in Rh-positive and Rh-negative red cells

A "D"-like antigen has been demonstrated in human and rhesus red cells. These red cells, as well as heat extracts of human blood (Rh-positive or Rh-negative), induce formation of "D"-like antibodies in guinea pigs. These antibodies, when exposed to rhesus red cells or to Rh-positive or Rh-negative red cells, yield eluates of "D"-like specificity.     

Blood Group Studies with Turtles

Groups and individuals of diverse species of turtles have been distinguished by selective agglutinations of their washed red blood cells when undiluted normal serums or plant extracts are used as agglutinins. During these studies, production of hemagglutinins and precipitins has been induced in turtles and certain other poikilotherms.     

BLOOD GROUPS IN ANTHROPOID APES AND BABOONS

Tests on chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons, baboons, and a gorilla, with blood grouping reagents prepared for human red cells, have disclosed patterns of reactions characteristic of each primate species. Determinations have been made of A-B-O groups and subgroups, M-N types, Rh-Hr types, secretor status, and Lewis types. Immunization experiments with ape and monkey blood are in progress.     

Oxygen-hemoglobulin dissociation curves: effect of inherited enzyme defects of the red cell

The blood of a patient with a deficiency of hexokinase in the red cells and a decreased concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cells showed an increased affinity for oxygen, whereas a patient with a deficiency of pyruvate kinase and an elevated concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cells had blood with a decreased affinity for oxygen. Defects in red cell glycolysis may alter the oxygen affinity of blood by virtue of their effect on 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in red cells.     

犬细小病毒的分离与鉴定

从临床表现体温升高、呕吐、血样腹泻、脱水等疑似细小病毒 (Canine Parvovirus,CPV)感染的病犬中 ,采取粪样 8份。应用狗肾传代细胞 (MDCK)增毒 ,其中 6号病料 (CPV6 )在 MDCK细胞上产生脱落、变形、游离等细胞病变 ,且细胞感染性试验发现 ,CPV6对 MDCK的感染性强于对猫肾传代细胞 (CRFK )的感染性 ;核酸型试验证明 ,CPV6毒株的代谢可被 5 -溴脱氧尿核苷 (FUDR)所抑制 ,其核酸属于 DNA型 ;所分离的病毒培养物能凝集猪、猴、马、猫的红细胞 ,凝集效价达 2 6 ～ 2 8,并能被已知犬细小病毒阳性血清所抑制 ,但不能凝集牛、犬、绵羊、兔、小鼠和鸡的红细胞 ;电镜观察病毒粒子外观呈圆形或六边形 ,直径约 2 0～ 2 3nm ;该病毒耐酸、耐热、耐乙醚 ;动物致病性试验表明 ,经口服 1m L ,试验组幼犬第 7天发病 ,采集病犬粪样做 HA试验为阳性反应 ,其凝集猪红细胞的特性能被犬细小病毒阳性血清所抑制。     

流式细胞仪检测CD55与CD59诊断阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症

目的 :探讨 CD55、CD59对阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症 (PNH)的临床诊断意义。方法 :应用流式细胞仪 (FCM)检测人体外周血红细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞的表面抗原 CD55、CD59的表达水平。结果 :PNH患者 CD55、CD59表面抗原在红细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞上均有不同程度的缺乏 ,尤以红细胞、粒细胞较明显。再生障碍性贫血患者的红细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞 CD55、CD59表面抗原标记阳性率与正常对照组比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论 :流式细胞仪检测 PNH患者外周血红细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞 CD55、CD59表面抗原具有重要的临床诊断意义。     

Tolerance to sheep red cells: breakage with thymocytes and horse red cells

Mice rendered tolerant to sheep red cells and then given normal thymocytes, made no antibody when immunized with these cells. When immunized with horse red blood cells, however, they made significant amounts of noncross-reacting antibody to sheep red blood cells. This suggests that antibody-making precursor cells (B cells) which are nontolerant but nonactivatable by specific antigen, may exist in tolerant hosts.     

Autologous red cell agglutination assay for HIV-1 antibodies: simplified test with whole blood

An antibody detection procedure based on agglutination of autologous red cells has been developed for samples of whole blood. A nonagglutinating monoclonal antibody to human red blood cells conjugated to a synthetic peptide antigen (in this case residues 579 to 601 of the HIV-1 envelope precursor, Arg-Ile-Leu-Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp- Gly-Cys - Ser-Gly-Lys) permitted the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 10 microliters of whole blood within 2 minutes. Agglutination was specifically inhibited by addition of synthetic peptide antigen but not by unrelated peptides. The frequency of false positive results was 0.1% with HIV-1 seronegative blood donors (n = 874). The false negative results were approximately 1% (n = 81). The autologous red cell agglutination test is potentially suitable for simple, rapid, qualitative screening for antibodies to a variety of antigens of medical and veterinary diagnostic significance.     

犬贫血性疾病输血疗法的疗效观察

输血疗法是救治动物的一项重要措施。为了验证输血疗法的作用,对数十例贫血病病犬进行输血疗法治疗,通过血常规检查、血液生化学检查等发现患犬均患有不同程度的贫血,红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积均明显低于正常值,在治疗原发病的同时配合了输血疗法。经过一段时间的治疗,发现应用输血疗法治疗的患犬痊愈快,患犬的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积均逐渐升高接近正常值。由此可见,输血疗法对犬贫血病的治疗效果较好。     

Deformation of red blood cells in capillaries

The shapes of red blood cells in capillary blood vessels are reinterpreted from observations of human red cells. The parachute or umbrella shape often observed is not an axisymmetric shape as formerly assumed, but is the basic biconcave disk shape of the red cell with the upstream end flattened by the pressure gradient.     

犬免疫介导溶血性贫血的诊治

免疫介导溶血性贫血是一种与自身红细胞抗体有关的溶血性贫血。患犬高度贫血和溶血,死亡率高达40%以上,多为再生性贫血。可采取支持疗法,缓解贫血、脱水和继发并发症。同时结合药物治疗抑制免疫系统,使红细胞免受攻击并促使骨髓产生新的红细胞。     

Chains of particles in shear flow

Interesting physical models of threads, rouleaux of red blood cells, and other flexible structures (including macromolecules) have been prepared with chains of spheres and discs. When suspended in a viscous liquid undergoing shear flow, the aggregates rotate as nearly rigid bodies, even though they have no tensile strength or stiffness until shear rates high enough to cause bending and then breaking are reached. By adding a second liquid phase which causes a meniscus to bridge adjacent particles, sufficient tensile strength can be provided to cause bending without breakage.     

肉牛泰勒虫病继发弓形虫病的诊断与治疗

对临床自然病例进行颈静脉采血,按常规制作血液涂片,Giemsa氏染色,油镜下观察和研究,结果表明：许多红细胞感染有1～3个数量不等的环形泰勒虫,以1个的为最多,含有2个虫体的红细胞较少,偶尔可见到含有3个虫体的红细胞。同时,在红细胞之间可看到弓形虫的速殖体,细胞外的柯赫氏蓝体。在一些单核细胞的胞质中,可看到由许多速殖体聚集在一起所形成的假囊。通过临床症状、剖检变化和实验室检查能够对该病及时做出确切诊断,为有效治疗和预防该病的发生提供了科学依据。     

Role of CD47 as a marker of self on red blood cells

The immune system recognizes invaders as foreign because they express determinants that are absent on host cells or because they lack "markers of self" that are normally present. Here we show that CD47 (integrin-associated protein) functions as a marker of self on murine red blood cells. Red blood cells that lacked CD47 were rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by splenic red pulp macrophages. CD47 on normal red blood cells prevented this elimination by binding to the inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha). Thus, macrophages may use a number of nonspecific activating receptors and rely on the presence or absence of CD47 to distinguish self from foreign. CD47-SIRPalpha may represent a potential pathway for the control of hemolytic anemia.     

复方中药仔猪抗寒促壮散的毒性试验研究

为了对复方中药仔猪抗寒促壮散安全性作出科学评价,进行了白鼠的毒性试验,为其在畜牧生产中安全合理的应用提供理论依据。急性毒性试验和蓄积性毒性试验结果表明,该复方为实际无毒物质。亚慢性毒性试验结果表明大剂量应用抗寒促壮散可显著降低红细胞数、淋巴细胞数、血小板数和血红蛋白含量,具有一定的血细胞毒性作用。试验结果说明抗寒促壮散可在畜牧生产安全应用。     

Tolerance to heterologous erythrocytes

Injection of a water-soluble nonantigenic fraction obtained from lysed sheep red blood cells virtually abolishes the subsequent immune response to the red cells. The suppression is systemic and appears to be serum mediated.     

笼养原鸡滇南亚种血液生理指标测定及血细胞形态观察

以笼养不同原产地雄性原鸡滇南亚种为研究对象,利用生物显微技术观察分析血液中各种细胞形态,采用常规方法测定其早、中、晚3个时段的红细胞、血小板、白细胞等血液生理指标。结果表明：晚上时段,不同原产地原鸡血液中红细胞总数差异不显著（P〉0．05）,其余各时段差异均显著（P〈0．05）;白细胞总数各时段均有显著差异（P〈0．05）;嗜酸性粒细胞数量和血小板计数仅晚上时段出现显著差异（P〈0．05）,其余时段差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。就血细胞显微形态而言,不同原产地原鸡各时段血细胞形态较为一致,表明前期原产地生活习性差异不会导致原鸡血细胞的显微形态变化。     

唇?成鱼脾和肾的解剖学与组织学特征

采用解剖、石蜡切片及HE染色技术研究了唇?脾脏、头肾及中肾的解剖学与组织学特征。结果显示,唇?脾脏单个,暗红色,呈扁平椭圆形,脾实质被起自被膜的结缔组织隔膜分隔成许多小叶,小叶内红髓与白髓界限不明显,含红细胞、淋巴细胞及黑色素巨噬细胞等,血管丰富。肾脏可明显的分为头肾和中肾。头肾位于体腔前端的心腹隔膜上方,分左右两叶,对称分布。头肾实质部分无肾单位,主要由淋巴组织构成,分红细胞聚集区和白细胞聚集区,内含丰富的红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞及一定数量的黑色素巨噬细胞,在细胞组成上与脾脏有类似特征。中肾位于鱼体的胸腹段,紧贴体腔背部脊椎两侧,实质部分主要由肾单位、集合管及淋巴组织等构成;淋巴组织在细胞组成上与头肾有相似之处,含红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞及黑色素巨噬细胞。研究结果表明,唇?脾脏、头肾是机体重要的免疫和造血器官,中肾除了泌尿功能外,在免疫及造血中也发挥重要作用。