杨梅叶片矿质营养及对土壤重金属的富集效应

以8年生的杨梅叶片为试材,采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定杨梅叶片矿质营养及土壤元素含量,探讨杨梅适宜营养指标,为杨梅合理施肥提供科学依据。结果表明, N、 Ca和K元素是杨梅叶片中的主要营养元素,含量均高于7.048 g·kg-1;杨梅叶片中B的含量(35.82 mg·kg-1)显著高于土壤中B的含量(18.4 mg·kg-1),为满足杨梅对B的需求,栽培过程中需补充B肥;杨梅叶片中含有丰富的Fe、 Mn和Zn等微量元素, B含量与Fe含量呈显著正相关, Mn含量与Fe、 Zn含量均呈负相关。杨梅对土壤中Zn、 Cu、 Cr和Ni等重金属元素有一定的富集效应。     

补碳对设施杨梅果实生长和品质的影响

以"丁岙"杨梅(Myrica rubra Sieb cv.‘Dingao’)为试材,于杨梅幼果期至成熟期控制设施大棚内CO2浓度在1 000μL/L左右,研究补碳对设施杨梅果实发育进程、相对发育速率及品质的影响。结果表明,补碳可以加快设施杨梅果实的发育进程,设施补碳杨梅的成熟期比设施不补碳提前7 d;设施补碳杨梅的果实相对发育速率加快,成熟期时补碳杨梅果实的相对发育速率为不补碳的1.12倍;设施补碳杨梅果实的平均直径比设施不补碳杨梅增大10.5%、含酸量降低11.5%、含糖量增加13.1%。对设施杨梅进行碳肥补充,可以促进杨梅果实的发育进程和果径的生长,改善设施栽培带来的杨梅品质下降问题。     

广东杨梅品种资源及其生态地理分布概况

广东气候特征适宜杨梅的生长,品种资源十分丰富,在查阅有关果树资料和广泛野外调查的基础上,发现目前广东省11个市41个县(区)有杨梅成片栽培、野生或半野生分布,依照果实色泽大致可分为乌杨梅、红杨梅和白杨梅3个品种群;通过对广东目前主栽杨梅品种(系)的特征和经济性状进行初步分析,发现有7个杨梅品种(系)表现较好,可以推广种植.     

乌紫杨梅果实发育和主要品质成分积累特性研究

以乌紫杨梅和东魁杨梅品种为试材，测定了杨梅果实发育进程中干鲜重、糖、可滴定酸和花色苷含量的变化动态。结果表明，乌紫杨梅果实干鲜重的快速增长、糖和花色苷含量的快速积累和酸含量的快速下降均发生在果实转色至成熟这段时期，即果实成熟前2周左右。乌紫杨梅果实以积累蔗糖为主。乌紫杨梅果实的糖含量、花色苷含量均高于东魁杨梅，而酸含量低于东魁杨梅。采前2周至果实成熟是杨梅果实品质形成的关键时期。     

东魁杨梅罗幔(网室)避雨栽培的研究与应用

杨梅是浙江省仅次于柑橘的重要水果,东魁杨梅又是浙江杨梅的主栽品种,占全省杨梅栽培面积50%以上。东魁杨梅因成熟期较晚,深受杨梅果蝇严重为害,加上采收期又逢梅雨季节,东魁杨梅产量损失严重。通过观察杨梅果蝇的发生规律,在成虫大量迁入果园之前采用单株(或数株)全树覆盖防虫网技术,构建物理隔离屏障,能有效减少杨梅果蝇带来的危害;再在杨梅采前10 d(入梅初期)用相应大小的塑料避雨膜或白色防雨布覆盖罗幔杨梅顶部(简称罗幔避雨栽培),可有效减轻连续阴雨对杨梅果实产量和品质的影响。本研究通过比较杨梅在露地栽培、罗幔栽培、罗幔避雨栽培等不同状态下,果蝇对杨梅果实为害率、果实腐烂率、坐果率、果实纵横径、优质果率、果实成熟时间、采收期长短、果实内在品质以及新技术投资回报等各方面进行了研究,研究发现,罗幔栽培、罗幔避雨栽培技术可以明显提高杨梅产量、品质和优质果率,经济效益明显,具有显著的生态效益和社会效益。技术操作简便、见效明显,深受广大梅农喜爱,黄岩区罗幔杨梅从2011年开始示范600株已经发展到2017年的60 000株。随着杨梅罗幔避雨栽培技术的推广应用,将促进浙江省乃至我国杨梅产业的可持续发展。     

发根农杆菌介导的杨梅遗传转化研究初报

为了建立发根农杆菌Agrobacterium rhizogenes介导的杨梅Myrica rubra遗传转化体系,利用携带拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana LEAFYcDNA片段的发根农杆菌R15834感染东魁杨梅M. rubra‘Dongkui’和荸荠杨梅M. rubra‘Boji’的子叶、叶片和茎段。结果表明,只从东魁杨梅子叶上诱导出毛状根,而且产生毛状根的东魁杨梅子叶数在10%以下。杨梅子叶产生毛状根受多种因素影响,新种子比旧种子容易产生毛状根,在1/2 MS(Murashige and Skoog)培养基培养较在MS培养基上培养好。东魁杨梅子叶上的毛状根经聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测和Southern杂交检测,证实已将拟南芥的LEAFYcDNA片段成功导入并整合到东魁杨梅子叶中。图2参10     

杨梅栽植技术要点

<正> 杨梅是我国南方著名的特产果树。近年来,杨梅生产发展迅速,栽培面积不断扩大,据统计全国栽培面积已超过210万亩。然而在大多数新植地区,杨梅栽植成活率偏低,严重影响杨梅基地的建立和发展。为此,笔者总结浙江黄岩栽植杨梅的技术,以供参考。     

杨梅的综合利用关键技术与产品分析

杨梅作为一种优质的农产品资源,其综合利用具有非常大的市场价值。介绍了杨梅在储藏保鲜、杨梅制品以及工业化提取加工等方面的利用,综述了杨梅果汁、果肉、果核以及杨梅加工下脚料等加工利用的现状,并对杨梅产业的发展进行了展望,以推动杨梅产业快速发展。     

杨梅的综合利用关键技术与产品分析

杨梅作为一种优质的农产品资源,其综合利用具有非常大的市场价值。介绍了杨梅在储藏保鲜、杨梅制品以及工业化提取加工等方面的利用,综述了杨梅果汁、果肉、果核以及杨梅加工下脚料等加工利用的现状,并对杨梅产业的发展进行了展望,以推动杨梅产业快速发展。     

施用不同沼液对杨梅土壤及果实品质的影响

为实现沼液的还田利用及杨梅的精准施肥，本研究以杨梅为对象，研究沼液不同施用配比对杨梅园土壤及杨梅果实产量、品质的影响。共设7个不同沼液施用配比的处理，重复3次。结果表明，相较常规施肥，沼液施用后土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和全氮含量显著提高(P<0.05),土壤镉、铬、砷、铜、铅含量在不同处理间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);沼液施用提高了比叶重，在一定程度上提高了杨梅产量和果实品质。因此，杨梅沼液水肥一体化不仅实现了沼液的轻简化、精准化施用，并且显著提高了杨梅产量及品质，可在杨梅产区推广应用。     

Theory of spontaneous vesicle formation in surfactant mixtures

The curvature elastic energy of bilayer vesicles formed by a mixture of two surfactants, which individually form either micelles or lamellar bilayer phases is described theoretically. In the limit of large bending elastic modulus K being much greater than the temperature T, the free energy is minimized by vesicles with different concentrations of the two surfactants in each monolayer of the bilayer. Vesicles are more stable than lameliar structures only when interactions or complexing of the two surfactants is taken into account.     

稻瘟病菌粗毒素的制备及其对水稻毒性的测定

PO_9稻瘟病原菌的菌丝悬浮液和孢子悬浮液,经无菌滤取和高压灭菌制备成稻瘟病菌粗毒素。采用浸根处理、心叶注射、叶肉注射、穗苞注射和叶面喷布5种方法,测定所制备的2种粗毒素对水稻的毒性。结果表明,本试验制备的粗毒素对水稻的根、叶、穗的幼嫩组织有较强的毒性;粗毒素经高温高压后,毒性略有减低;不同材料制备的粗毒素对水稻的毒性以菌丝悬浮液的较强。文中还讨论了稻瘟病菌毒素的毒性、制备及应用等。     

Bedform alignment in directionally varying flows

Many kinds of sediment bedforms are presumed to trend either normal or parallel to the direction of sediment transport. For this reason, the trend of bedforms observed by remote sensing or by field observations is commonly used as an indicator of the direction of sediment transport. Such presumptions regarding bedform trend were tested experimentally in bidirectional flows by rotating a sand-covered board in steady winds. Transverse, oblique, and longitudinal bedforms were created by changing only two parameters: the angle between the two winds and the proportions of sand transported in the two directions. Regardless of whether the experimental bedforms were transverse, oblique, or longitudinal (as defined by the bedform trend relative to the resultant transport direction), they all had trends that yielded the maximum gross transport across the bedforms. The fact that many of the experimental bedforms were neither transverse nor parallel to the resultant transport direction suggests that transport directions cannot be accurately determined by presuming such alignment.     

Adaptation of fruit morphology to dispersal agents in a neotropical forest

Two-thirds of 258 fruit species from Peruvian tropical forest belong to one of two classes: large orange, yellow, brown, or green fruits with a husk; or small red, black, white, blue, purple, or mixed-color fruits without a husk. The characteristics of the two fruit classes match the size, visual ability, and jaw morphology of mammals and birds, respectively, and the animals also prefer to eat one class of fruits. Thus, most plants in this forest seem to be adapted to seed dispersal by either of two distinct broad arrays of animal taxa.     

微量元素加脱钙骨基质复合释放系统对修复大鼠颌骨缺损的影响

目的 :研究微量元素加复合释放系统对修复大鼠颌骨缺损的影响。方法 :72只 SD大鼠随机分为 3组 ,左侧下颌骨体部造成全层骨缺损。缺损被脱骨基质 (DBM)或脱钙骨基质复合释放系统 (DBM± DS)充填。术后 ,微量元素行二组灌胃。术后 2、4、8周 ,通过组织学及 X线分析评价骨缺损修复效果。结果 :双因素应用组 (微量元素液及释放系统联合应用 )其骨痂出现和骨形成早于两单因素组 ,且在三时段新骨形成较多。结论 :复合微量元素脱钙骨基质释放系统能促进颌骨缺损新骨的形成     

Pattern perception: integrating information presented in two modalities

Subjects were required to organize and identify temporal patterns composed of either (i) two stimuli in one modality; (ii) two stimuli in each of two modalities, with the pattern alternately presented in the two modalities; or (iii) one stimulus in each of two modalities. Patterns (i) and (iii) are organized as structured patterns, but (ii) is organized by modality, not by pattern structure. When elements of a pattern appear in two modalities, the auditory-tactual combination produces the poorest performance.     

ABA上调水稻叶片中OsHsf基因的表达

运用半定量PCR方法研究了ABA和H_2O_2诱导水稻热激转录因子基因OsHsfA4a和OsHsfA2的表达情况。结果表明:ABA和H_2O_2均能上调水稻OsHsfA4a和OsHsfA2基因的表达,分别在4 h处理时间内产生2个表达高峰;H_2O_2清除剂和抑制剂预处理试验证明,ABA对水稻OsHsf基因的诱导作用是通过ABA诱导产生的H_2O_2而实现的。     

汉语兼语句和英语SVOC句型互译时的句式对应

汉语兼语句[（N1）＋V1＋N2＋V2]或英语SVOC句型的构成主要取决于动词V1或V的意义。通过对兼语句和SVOC句型互译实例的对比分析,探讨兼语句和SVOC句型进行英汉互译时的句式对应,以期加深对英汉中的这两种语言现象的认识。     

Regeneration of symmetrical hindlimbs in larval salamanders

The complete circle rule of the polar coordinate model of pattern regulation was tested for regenerating hindlimbs of Ambystoma larvae. The hindlimbs were made symmetrical in the circumference of either the thigh or the shank, and their ability to regenerate from both levels was observed. Thighs composed of two anterior halves failed to regenerate, whereas thighs composed of two posterior halves often regenerated distally complete, correspondingly symmetrical limbs; shanks composed of either two anterior or two posterior halves regenerated distally complete, correspondingly symmetrical limbs. These results are in contrast to what is predicted by the complete circle rule and suggest a modification of this rule.     

绵羊卵母细胞孤雌激活及其随后体外发育的初步研究

对绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养和孤雌激活的影响因素作了初步研究.卵母细胞在TCM199培养液中培养24 h后,采用1.3 kV/cm、60 μs、0.1 mmol Ca2+和1.4 kV/cm、40 μs、0.1 mmol Ca2+2种处理对成熟卵母细胞进行电激活,卵裂率分别为76.1%和77.0%,2种处理差异不显著(P＞0.05).发生卵裂的卵母细胞在SOFaaBSA培养液中培养(分换液和不换液2种处理)至7～8 d统计囊胚率,换液的囊胚率为12.2%,不换液的囊胚率为22.8%,二者差异显著(P＜0.05).