共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A. F. de Faria V. V. de Rosso A. Z. Mercadante 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):108-115
Carotenoids are pigments responsible for the yellow-reddish color of many foods and are related to important functions and
physiological actions, preventing several chronic-degenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to confirm the carotenoid
composition of jackfruit by high-performance liquid chromatography connected to photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors
(HPLC-PDA-MS/MS). The main carotenoids were all-trans-lutein (24–44%), all-trans-β-carotene (24–30%), all-trans-neoxanthin (4–19%), 9-cis-neoxanthin (4–9%) and 9-cis-violaxanthin (4–10%). Either qualitative or quantitative differences, mainly related to the lutein proportion, were found
among three batches of jackfruit. Since the fruits from batch A showed significantly lower contents for almost all carotenoids,
it also had the lowest total carotenoid content (34.1 μg/100 g) and provitamin A value, whereas the total carotenoid ranged
from 129.0 to 150.3 μg/100 g in the other batches. The provitamin A values from batches B and C were 3.3 and 4.3 μg RAE/100 g,
respectively. The carotenoid composition of jackfruit was successfully determined, where 14 of the 18 identified carotenoids
were reported for first time. Differences among batches may be due to genetic and/or agricultural factors. 相似文献
2.
To identify the potential of green leafy vegetables (GLV) as antioxidants, methanolic extracts of Amaranthus sp., Centella asiatica, Murraya koenigii and Trigonella foenum graecum were studied for their antioxidant activity in different systems at multiple concentrations. Total antioxidant activity assessed
by phosphomolybdenum method, free radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenly-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and
ferrous ion chelating activity were determined. The GLV were analyzed for ascorbic acid, total and β-carotene and total polyphenol
contents. The ascorbic acid, total carotene, β-carotene and total phenolic content (tannic acid equivalents) of the GLV ranged
between 15.18–101.36, 34.78–64.51, 4.23–8.84 and 150.0–387.50 mg/100 g GLV, respectively. The extracts were found to have
significantly different levels of antioxidant activities in the systems tested. The total antioxidant activity was highest
in Murraya koenigii (2,691.78 μmol of ascorbic acid/g sample) and least in Centella asiatica (623.78 μmol of ascorbic acid/g sample). The extract concentration causing 50% inhibition of DPPH (IC50) was determined (M. koenigii < C.asiatica < Amaranthus sp. < T. graecum). The maximum DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power was exhibited by Murraya koenigii. Multiple regression analysis showed that the relationship of total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity,
and reducing power with polyphenol and total and β-carotene was highly significant.
Paper awarded the Young Scientist Award in Experimental Nutrition at the Young Scientist Award Session of the 39th Annual
Meet of the Nutrition Society of India, Hyderabad, India on 15–16th Dec 2007. 相似文献
3.
Jalal Pourahmad Mohammad Reza Eskandari Rashin Shakibaei Mohammad Kamalinejad 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(1):83-89
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and their components are commonly used in folk medicine for many curative effects. The protective
effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. fruit (Mango Extract) (20, 50 and 100 μg/ml)
and also gallic acid (100 μM) as a pure compound in the extract were examined against oxidative stress toxicity induced by
cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in isolated rat hepatocytes. The extracts and gallic acid (100 μM) protected the hepatocyte against
all oxidative stress markers including cell lysis, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial
membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Mango Extracts (20, 50 and 100 μg/ml)
were more effective than gallic acid (100 μM) in protecting hepatocytes against CHP induced lipid peroxidation. On the other
hand gallic acid (100 μM) acted more effective than Mango Extracts (20, 50 and 100 μg/ml) at preventing lysosomal membrane
damage. In addition H2O2 scavenging effect of all extracts were determined in hepatocytes and compared with gallic acid (100 μM). There were no significance
differences (P<0.05) between all plant extracts and gallic acid (100 μM) in H2O2 scavenging activity. These results suggest a hepatoprotective role for Mango Extract against liver injury associated with
oxidative stress. 相似文献
4.
Korekar G Stobdan T Arora R Yadav A Singh SB 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):376-383
Fourteen apricot genotypes grown under similar cultural practices in Trans-Himalayan Ladakh region were studied to find out
the influence of genotype on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content (TPC) of apricot kernel. The kernels were found
to be rich in TPC ranging from 92.2 to 162.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g. The free radical-scavenging activity in terms
of inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 43.8 to 123.4 mg/ml and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) from 154.1 to 243.6 FeSO4.7H2O μg/ml. A variation of 1–1.7 fold in total phenolic content, 1–2.8 fold in IC50 by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 1–1.6 fold in ferric reducing antioxidant potential among the examined
kernels underlines the important role played by genetic background for determining the phenolic content and antioxidant potential
of apricot kernel. A positive significant correlation between TPC and FRAP (r = 0.671) was found. No significant correlation was found between TPC and IC50; FRAP and IC50; TPC and physical properties of kernel. Principal component analysis demonstrated that genotypic effect is more pronounced
towards TPC and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) content in apricot kernel while the contribution of seed and kernel physical
properties are not highly significant. 相似文献
5.
Apostolidis E Karayannakidis PD Kwon YI Lee CM Seeram NP 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):313-319
Ascophyllum nodosum is a brown seaweed that grows abundantly in the US Northeast coastal region. This study examined the seasonal variation of
A. nodosum in phenolic contents and subsequent antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. A. nodosum was harvested monthly and extracted in hot water and the resulting extracts were spray-dried. The results indicate a clear
seasonal variation in terms of phenolic content, with June and July being the highest (36.4 and 37 mg/g, respectively) and
May the lowest (21.8 mg/g). The antioxidant activities, in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging
activity, correlated with the phenolic contents observed (r = 0.81), with the month of July being the highest (58%) and April the lowest (26%). Similarly in terms of Trolox equivalent,
July had the highest activity (15.53 μM) and April and May the lowest (8.40 and 8.27 μM, respectively). α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity exhibited a pattern similar to the phenolic contents observed with July having the highest inhibitory activity (IC70 2.23 μg) and April the lowest (IC70 26.13 μg), resulting in an inverse correlation between IC70 values and total phenolic content (r = −0.89). Such seasonal variation is believed to be caused by temperature-related stress considering that A. nodosum is a cold water species. 相似文献
6.
Eustolia Rodríguez-Muñoz Gilberto Herrera-Ruiz Gustavo Pedraza-Aboytes Guadalupe Loarca-Piña 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(1):46-51
Natural oleoresins rich in lycopene were obtained from two varieties of tomato (Zedona and Gironda) and their nutraceutical
potential (antioxidant and antimutagenic capacity) was evaluated. Both oleoresins had a high content of lycopene, 58.33 ± 1.67 mg/g
(Zedona) and 63.97 ± 0.80 mg/g (Gironda). The antioxidant activity (AA) of the oleoresins by β-carotene method were 56.4–74.5%
(Zedona) and 51–72.8% (Gironda), while when using the free radical stable 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method, the
antiradical activity (ARA) was determined to be 18.2–32.7% (Zedona) and 16.6–26.7% (Gironda) for the concentrations tested
that of 200–400 μM equivalents of lycopene. The antimutagenic activity of the oleoresins was tested against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using the microsuspension assay, both varieties had a very high antimutagenic potential against AFB1 (60–66%).These results suggest the NCRT can be taken advantage to obtaining rich oleoresin in lycopene with a nutraceutical
value. 相似文献
7.
Seven years of performance data from a free surface flow constructed wetland system receiving agricultural runoff were used
to determine treatment performance and to develop regression and wetland design models. Removal rates by the wetland were
21–43.6% for 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 49.0–58.1% for total phosphorous (TP), 24.1–46.0% for total nitrogen (TN), and 57.6–77.8% for total suspended solids (TSS).
First-order area-based rate constant (k
20) values for BOD5 were 15.48 m/year in the early stage of observation and decreased to 12.00 m/year for the stable period. Similar results
were found for TP, for which k
20 values were 18.72 m/year in the early stage and 14.92 m/year for the stable period. For TN, k
20 values in the early stage (21.32 m/year) were slightly lower than those for the stable period (38.02 m/year). Finally, TSS
had values of 132.4 and 172.6 m/year in the early and stable periods, respectively. The low k
20 for BOD5 was not important for nonpoint source pollution control in the constructed wetland because these kinds of wetlands mainly
focus on nitrogen and phosphorus retention. The wetland area and outlet concentration could be approximately predicted using
the first-order kinetic model, but the maturity and hydraulic loading rate should be considered for more accurate prediction. 相似文献
8.
This paper describes the impact of rice hydraulic loading (percentage area under rice crop) on groundwater levels and salinity
in the Murrumbidgee irrigation area (MIA), Australia using a MODFLOW-based modelling approach. The model simulations show
that the groundwater levels will be in equilibrium after a fall of approximately 1 m under most of the areas, however, the
groundwater salinity levels will rise by more than 1,000 μs/cm in most parts of irrigation area. If the rice growing area
is reduced by 50 and 75%, there can be a net decline in groundwater levels during the first 2 years and then a new quasi-equilibrium
will be established. To downscale these results at the farm level, SWAGMAN Farm model in conjunction with groundwater outflow
rates obtained from a three-dimensional MODFLOW model was applied for determining net recharge rates under rice for different
areas within the MIA. The highest net recharge during 2005–2006 season was 0.84 ML/ha (84 mm) in parts of the irrigation system,
whereas the average net recharge due to rice hydraulic loading for the whole MIA during 2005–2006 season was estimated as
0.34 ML/ha (34 mm). 相似文献
9.
Xiao JX Huang GQ Geng X Qiu HW 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):122-128
Isoflavones are among the major bioactive compounds found in a wide variety of plant-derived foods, especially in soybeans
and soy-based foods. In this study, the effect of a soy-derived isoflavone mixture (designated as SI-I, containing 71% daidzein,
14.3% genistein and 14.7% glycitein) on HeLa cells and its mechanism were investigated. SI-I in concentration range 5–80 μg/ml
significantly reduced the survival rate of HeLa cells by MTT assay, whereas showed no side effect on that of L929 cells. After
HeLa cells were exposed to 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml SI-I for 4 days, typical apoptotic morphological changes, including nuclear
fragmentation, cytoplasm shrinkage and decrease of cell volume, were observed by fluorescence microscope and CLSM, respectively.
FCM analysis revealed that the percentages of early apoptotic cells with lost Δψm increased by 2.27, 2.74 and 4.05 folds respectively,
compared with control. The results showed that SI-I inhibited HeLa cell growth through inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial
pathway and comparisons with reported data indicated that synergistic effect existed between the isoflavone species contained
in SI-I. It is proposed that natural soy-derived isoflavones are potential candidates as chemoterapeutic agents against human
cervical cancer. 相似文献
10.
Michael S Robeson II Elizabeth K Costello Kristen R Freeman Jeremy Whiting Byron Adams Andrew P Martin Steve K Schmidt 《BMC ecology》2009,9(1):25-10
Background
The time it takes to isolate individuals from environmental samples and then extract DNA from each individual is one of the problems with generating molecular data from meiofauna such as eutardigrades and bdelloid rotifers. The lack of consistent morphological information and the extreme abundance of these classes makes morphological identification of rare, or even common cryptic taxa a large and unwieldy task. This limits the ability to perform large-scale surveys of the diversity of these organisms. 相似文献11.
B. Dave Oomah Nathalie Tiger Mark Olson Parthiba Balasubramanian 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):86-92
Eight lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genotypes grown at four locations in south central Alberta in 2004 were evaluated for variability in phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity measured by a photochemiluminescence assay. Genotype was the main source of variation for content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds in genotypes varied minimally from 11.9 to 14.7 mg catechin equivalent and 4.15 to 4.95 mg rutin equivalent g−1 lupin for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Lupin genotypes exhibited weak antioxidant activity based on water–soluble substances (ACW) of 0.54 to 1.07 μmole Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC)/g with lag time ranging from 70 to 153 s and an antioxidant index of 6.7 to 14.5 and 1.9 to 3.3 μmole TEAC/g based on measurements of lipid-soluble substances (ACL). Antioxidant activity of lupin genotypes was not related to phenolic contents of seeds. 相似文献
12.
S. E. Obalum J. C. Nwite J. Oppong C. A. Igwe T. Wakatsuki 《Paddy and Water Environment》2011,9(3):291-299
Although the West African inland valleys are characteristically wet all-year-round, their hydrological conditions are known
to be site-specific and may differ markedly between the rainy and the dry seasons. Information on their physical properties
would be useful for proper water management under the sawah rice culture and for planning dry season cropping. Representative inland valleys at four locations (Gadza, Nasarafu, Shaba-Maliki
and Ejeti) around Bida in the Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria were selected for the study. Apart from Ejeti where the soil
is clay loam, the predominant texture is sandy loam. The total and classified water-stable aggregates (WSA) were lowest at
Ejeti, followed by Nasarafu. On the average, over 82% of the WSA were below 1.0 mm. Variations among the locations progressively
decreased from the largest to the smallest aggregate-size class. Aggregate stability, as evaluated by both sand-corrected
WSA and the mean weight diameter (MWD), followed similar trend as the WSA. Values were generally low for soil organic matter
(SOM) (0.8–2.2%), but moderate for bulk density (0.98–1.55 Mg m−3) and total porosity (40.6–62.6%). Overall, Ejeti maintained the most favourable values of these three parameters, followed
by Shaba-Maliki, Nasarafu and Gadza in the order listed. Micropores constituted over 87% of the soils’ pore system. Saturated
hydraulic conductivities were, however, highly variable; indicating lowest rates at Ejeti. Clay fraction correlated positively
with the unstable (<0.25 mm) aggregates and porosity parameters, but negatively with other structural indices. The SOM correlated
negatively and positively with MWD and total porosity, respectively. Soil–water management implications of these results are
discussed. 相似文献
13.
Monika Okulicz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):217-224
Sinigrin (SIN) and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) are compounds found in high concentrations in Brassica family vegetables, especially
in Brussels sprouts. Recently, they have been used as a nutrition supplement for their preventive and medicinal effect on
some types of cancer and other diseases. In this research, nutritional significance of parent glucosinolate sinigrin 50 μmol/kg
b. w./day and its degradation product allyl isothiocyanate 25 μmol/kg b. w./day and 50 μmol/kg b. w./day was studied by the
evaluation of their influence on some parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in an animal rat model in vivo after their single (4 h) and 2 weeks oral administration. Additionally, the aim of this trial was to evaluate the direct
action of AITC on basal and epinephrine-induced lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes at concentration 1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM
in vitro. Sole AITC after 4 h of its ingestion caused liver triacylglycerols increment at both doses and glycaemia only at the higher
dose. Multiple SIN treatment showed its putative bioconversion into AITC. It was found that SIN and AITC multiple administration
in the same way strongly disturbed lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, increasing esterified and total cholesterol, free fatty
acids and lowering tracylglycerols in the blood serum. Additionally, AITC at both doses elevated insulinaemia and liver glycogen
enhancement. The in vitro experiment revealed that AITC potentiated basal lipolysis process at 10 μM, and had stimulatory effect on epinephrine action
at 1 μM and 10 μM. The results of this study demonstrated that the effect of SIN and AITC is multidirectional, indicating
its impact on many organs like liver as well as pancreas, intestine in vivo action and rat adipocytes in vitro. Whilst consumption of cruciferous vegetables at levels currently considered “normal” seems to be beneficial to human health,
this data suggest that any large increase in intake could conceivably lead to undesirable effect. This effect is potentiated
with time of action of the examined compounds, whose influence is rather adverse for the majority of metabolic pathways (liver
steatosis at short duration and insulinaemia, cholesterolaemia at long time treatment). Beneficial action of AITC concerned
intensified hydrolysis of TG in the blood serum with a simultaneous lipolysis in adipocytes. 相似文献
14.
The presence of arsenic in irrigation water and in paddy field soil were investigated to assess the accumulation of arsenic
and its distribution in the various parts (root, straw, husk, and grain) of rice plant from an arsenic effected area of West
Bengal. Results showed that the level of arsenic in irrigation water (0.05–0.70 mg l−1) was much above the WHO recommended arsenic limit of 0.01 mg l−1 for drinking water. The paddy soil gets contaminated from the irrigation water and thus enhancing the bioaccumulation of
arsenic in rice plants. The total soil arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.34 to 14.09 mg kg−1. Soil organic carbon showed positive correlation with arsenic accumulation in rice plant, while soil pH showed strong negative
correlation. Higher accumulation of arsenic was noticed in the root (6.92 ± 0.241–28.63 ± 0.225 mg kg−1) as compared to the straw (1.18 ± 0.002–2.13 ± 0.009 mg kg−1), husk (0.40 ± 0.004–1.05 ± 0.006 mg kg−1), and grain (0.16 ± 0.001–0.58 ± 0.003 mg kg−1) parts of the rice plant. However, the accumulation of arsenic in the rice grain of all the studied samples was found to
be between 0.16 ± 0.001 and 0.58 ± 0.003 mg kg−1 dry weights of arsenic, which did not exceed the permissible limit in rice (1.0 mg kg−1 according to WHO recommendation). Two rice plant varieties, one high yielding (Red Minikit) and another local (Megi) had been chosen for the study of arsenic translocation. Higher translocation of arsenic was seen in the high yielding variety
(0.194–0.393) compared to that by the local rice variety (0.099–0.161). An appreciable high efficiency in translocation of
arsenic from shoot to grain (0.099–0.393) was observed in both the rice varieties compared to the translocation from root
to shoot (0.040–0.108). 相似文献
15.
Insufficient puddling with inappropriate implements or imprecise time/intensity may alter saturated water flow in paddy soil
spatially or temporary due to change in aggregate size distribution, dry bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and
percolation rate of the soil. In this study, spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K
s), a key parameter of the saturated water flow, in Fuchu Honmachi paddy plot (100 m × 28 m) was characterized based on dielectric
or ADR dry bulk density (ρb-ADR) with help of non-similar media concept (NSMC) and geostatistics model to meet its correlation to subsurface percolation.
A 100 cc core and an ADR data were sampled from each sub-plot (7 m × 7.5 m), and then were used for measuring and predicting
ρb and K
s. The predicted data agreed with the measured ones, in which they fitted well the x = y line with RMSE of 0.029 cm3 cm−3 (R
2 = 0.68), 0.027 g cm−3 (R
2 = 0.71) (ρb), and 0.098 cm d−1 (R
2 = 0.45) for θ, ρb, and K
s, respectively. The predicted ρb and K
s had similar trend in spatial variability to the measured ones particularly within the distance of 46.3–51.9 m and 26.2–27.9 m,
respectively. The spatial variability of the predicted K
s coincided to that of the subsurface percolation rate, in which they had similar distance of dependence. The results indicated
that the presenting method can be reasonably accepted. 相似文献
16.
Supradip Saha Gyanendra Singh V. Mahajan H. S. Gupta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):174-180
Screening of natural biodiversity for the better quality traits are of prime importance for quality breeding programs. The
objective of this investigation was to select candidate accession of bean having high concentrations of protein as well as
macro and micro minerals with good cooking quality for use as parents in breeding programme for these compounds. Thirty-five
accessions of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were field grown and their seeds were analyzed for their cooking quality and nutritional composition. Wide variations
were observed in most of the measurements e.g. protein (18.7–26.2%), iron (79.4–137.6 ppm) and hardness after cooking (4.65–9.88 Kg)
suggesting that there are considerable levels of genetic diversity. Across all accessions the concentration of potassium was
negatively correlated with protein (r = −0.43, P < 0.05). Concentrations of protein was significantly greater in accessions VIII, XIII and XIX compared to other accessions
analyzed. Iron concentrations were greatest (137 ppm) in XIX and lowest (79 ppm) in XXVII. Lines with less cooking time were
line III, X, XXVI, XXX and XXXI. Bean line XIX contains high protein (24.9%) with high zinc (33.3 ppm) and highest iron (137.6 ppm),
but it has high hardness after cooking (7.32 kg). Four clusters were computed by cluster analysis that explained quite a good
variation in the traits. The great variability for these attributes suggests that these selected accessions may be useful
as parents in hybridization programs to produce bean with value-added traits. This information was also potentially useful
for pulse breeders working on the development of new varieties. 相似文献
17.
Antioxidant Protection of Edible Oils 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Cheung SC Szeto YT Benzie IF 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(1):39-42
The ability of different cooking oils to withstand oxidation was investigated in relation to their native antioxidant capacity
[measured as the Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) value]. The antiperoxidation effect of the presence of the Chinese
herbs, du-zhong (Cortex Eucommia ulmoides) and ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) in corn oil was also investigated over 26 days’ storage at 55°C. Results showed that sesame oil had the highest FRAP value
(803 μM), followed by canola oil (400 μM), and sunflower, peanut, corn and olive oils (100–153 μM). Oils with higher intrinsic
antioxidant content showed higher resistance to oxidation, although this was not statistically significant. Corn oil to which
was added the herbs du-zhong, ginseng or both had increased resistance to oxidation (conjugated diene level and lipid peroxide
formation) over 26 days. FRAP values of the oil/herb mixtures decreased during this time, implying utilisation of herbal antioxidants.
Results have implications for increasing the shelf-life and usage time of cooking oils by addition of herbs which can increase
resistance of the oil to oxidation. Results have implications also for health, as it is possible that ingestion of these herbs
could increase resistance of polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes and lipoproteins to oxidation within the body. 相似文献
18.
Barbara J. Daniels-Lake 《Potato Research》2012,55(2):157-173
Previous short-term trials (9-week duration) have shown that the fry colour of stored potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be negatively affected by simultaneous exposure to elevated CO2 plus a trace concentration of ethylene gas. In the present study, trials were conducted during each of two storage seasons (2008–2009 and 2009–2010), to examine the effects of long-term exposure to these two gases during the entire November to June storage season. In each year, 0 or 2 kPa CO2 and 0 or 0.5 μl l−1 ethylene were applied in a factorial design to tubers of four processing cultivars (Russet Burbank, Shepody, Innovator and Dakota Pearl). Processing colour of the tubers was evaluated at the start of each trial and at intervals of 4 weeks thereafter. In the three French fry cultivars (i.e. Russet Burbank, Shepody and Innovator), the fry colour of tubers exposed to CO2 + ethylene together was darker than the controls. In the chipping cultivar Dakota Pearl, the gas treatments had only a small effect on chip colour. Fry colour darkening due to an interaction of CO2 × ethylene × time was significant only in Innovator. Processing colour of all cultivars was darkened by these gases, but the magnitude and timing of the responses varied widely between gases, among cultivars and from the start to the end of the season. 相似文献
19.
Rudy Darmawan Neal A. Bringe Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):233-240
Soy protein hydrolysates are considered a potential dietary source of natural antioxidants with important biological activities.
This study was conducted to compare the effect of two conventional and seven low glycinin soybean cultivars on the antioxidant
capacity (AC) of soy hydrolysates. Nine cultivars were grown in Bloomington, IL, Findlay, OH and Huxley, IA. The hydrolysates
were produced enzymatically using alcalase and analyzed for AC using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and soluble
protein. Statistical differences were observed in the protein profiles and AC among the different cultivars tested (P < 0.05). The hydrolysate from low glycinin cultivar 3 enriched in β-conglycinin, grown in Bloomington, exhibited the highest
AC, compared to the other cultivars across all locations. On average, soy cultivars rich in BC and purified BC hydrolysates
(36.2 and 31.8 μM Trolox equivalents (TE)/μg soluble protein, respectively) (P > 0.05) had higher AC than purified glycinin (GL) hydrolysate (28.5 μM TE/μg soluble protein) (P < 0.05). It was possible to select a soybean cultivar that produced a higher antioxidant capacity upon alcalase hydrolysis. 相似文献
20.
Cyanobacteria are important components of the lowland rice ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of
herbicides (commonly used against weeds of rice crop) on the performance of cyanobacteria. We studied the toxic effects of
three herbicides often used in rice field, viz. propanil, pretilachlor and glyphosate, on the performance traits of Anabaena fertilissima C.B. Rao. Pretilachlor [0–40 active ingredient (ai) mg/L] and glyphosate (0–80 ai mg/L) exhibited toxicity to A. fertilissima at higher doses than propanil (0–1.5 mg/L). Propanil had severe damaging effects on cellular characteristics of A. fertilissima when compared to pretilachlor or glyphosate. Propanil treatment of A. fertilissima resulted in the leakage of protoplast from the heterocyst due to the breakage of the plasma membrane and surrounding wall.
Our study shows that photosystem II herbicides such as propanil could have deleterious effects on phototrophic (cyanobacterial)
communities, which are an integral part of the rice ecosystem. 相似文献