镉对大鼠肝细胞基因甲基化的影响

采用已建立的镉损伤肝细胞体外模型（4 μmol/L醋酸镉处理3 h）,通过偏重亚硫酸氢盐测序法和结合偏重亚硫酸氢盐的限制性酶切分析,研究镉对p53、MT和LINE1基因DNA甲基化的影响.结果显示,p53、MT和LINE1基因DNA甲基化均未受镉的影响.     

镉对体外培养大鼠肝细胞自噬的影响

选用体外培养原代大鼠肝细胞为模型,醋酸镉处理之后,用Westernblot和免疫荧光法检测了自噬标记分子LC3的表达水平,在此基础上,利用自噬激活剂（雷帕霉素）诱导自噬水平的升高,用MTT法分析了镉对细胞存活率的影响。结果显示,原代大鼠肝细胞在体外培养过程中自噬水平具有缓慢上升的趋势,而镉处理延缓了这种趋势,降低了自噬的水平和细胞存活率;利用激活剂增强自噬后不能减弱镉的损伤,表明镉有可能通过抑制自噬的保护作用,造成对肝细胞的损伤。     

地方性鼻内腺瘤中DNMTs启动子甲基化状态及转录表达的研究

为研究山羊地方性鼻内腺瘤中DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs)启动子区甲基化状态及其对转录表达的影响,本研究采用甲基化特异性PCR和荧光定量RT-PCR法检测20例正常鼻内腺组织和24例鼻内腺瘤组织中DNMTs基因启动子甲基化状态及其转录表达水平,分析DNMTs基因甲基化对转录表达的影响。结果显示,24例鼻内腺瘤组织中DNMT1和DNMT3b基因启动子甲基化阳性率分别为20.8%(5/24)和41.7%(10/24),与正常鼻内腺组织(未检测到甲基化)均差异显著(p0.05)。20例正常鼻内腺组织中DNMT1和DNMT3b基因相对转录表达量分别为1(0.693~1.444)和0.382(0.503~1.840);5例甲基化和19例非甲基化鼻内腺瘤组织中DNMT1相对转录表达量分别为1.56(0.678~1.474)和1.248(0.820~1.905),两者差异不显著;10例甲基化和14例非甲基化鼻内腺瘤组织中DNMT3b相对转录表达量分别为1.165(0.646~1.548)和0.376(0.230~1.231),两者差异显著(p0.05)。而DNMT3a在两组间无差异。以上结果表明,鼻内腺瘤组织中DNMT3b基因甲基化与转录表达相关,推测其对鼻内腺瘤具有促进肿瘤相关基因甲基化的作用,导致肿瘤相关基因失活或激活,最终导致肿瘤发生。     

衰老对小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞DNA甲基化及氧化应激水平的影响

为了研究衰老对小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞基因组DNA甲基化及氧化应激水平的影响，试验选取6周龄(年轻组)、40周龄(衰老组)的健康雌性KM小鼠各50只，分别收集卵巢颗粒细胞进行体外培养，利用荧光探针法检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平，用总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性检测试剂盒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)检测试剂盒检测细胞内SOD及GSH-Px活性，采用qPCR扩增方法检测了氧化应激相关基因的表达水平，并检测了细胞内DNA甲基化水平。结果表明：与年轻组相比，衰老组细胞的ROS水平显著升高(P<0.05),颗粒细胞中GSH-Px、SOD基因的表达量及SOD、GSH-Px活性显著降低(P<0.05);年轻组与衰老组基因组DNA甲基化水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明衰老小鼠颗粒细胞的抗氧化能力降低，氧化应激水平升高，但基因组DNA甲基化水平并未发生变化。     

NaCl胁迫下黑麦草种子萌发过程中DNA甲基化与基因表达分析

为了解黑麦草（Lolium perenne）种子在正常条件与NaCl胁迫下萌发过程中DNA甲基化动态变化以及重要盐胁迫相关基因的表达。运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性技术分析对照和150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理下黑麦草种子萌发过程（0,1,2,4,7 d）的DNA甲基化水平及动态变化,并通过实时荧光定量 PCR（QRT-PCR）检测8个重要的盐胁迫相关基因的表达情况。结果表明：黑麦草种子萌发过程中甲基化水平呈下降趋势,以双链甲基化方式为主,甲基化变化同时发生在编码序列和非编码序列中。NaCl处理下DNA甲基化程度高于CK,而去甲基化程度低于CK,最终导致NaCl处理下基因组净的甲基化位点数目增加。黑麦草种子耐盐萌发过程中代谢增强,8个盐胁迫相关基因表达量呈上升趋势,而NaCl胁迫延缓了种子萌发进程,在大多数时间点的基因表达低于对照。     

MAPK信号通路在镉致大鼠肝细胞凋亡中的作用

探讨MAPK通路在镉诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡中的作用.采用两步灌流法获得大鼠肝细胞,经过24 h培养,用醋酸镉、醋酸镉与MAPK抑制剂(p38抑制剂SB202190、JNK抑制剂SP600125、ERK抑制剂U0126)共同处理肝细胞.用MTT法检测细胞存活率,倒置显微镜和荧光显微镜观察细胞形态和凋亡,免疫组织化学法检测p38蛋白表达.结果表明,镉可极显著提高肝细胞磷酸化p38的表达量(P＜0).01),而SB202190能极显著降低其表达(P＜0.01).SB202190可以显著或极显著提高镉处理组细胞的存活率(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),减少变形细胞和凋亡细胞数量,但SP600125和U0126作用相反.说明镉暴露导致肝细胞p38 MAPK途径激活而引起细胞凋亡.     

槲皮素对Aroclor1254诱导的孕鼠肝细胞CYP450表达的影响

采用胶原酶二步灌流法获取怀孕大鼠的原代肝细胞,以Aroclor1254诱导肝细胞损伤,用不同剂量的槲皮素分别处理损伤的肝细胞24～72h,RT—PCR及Western—blot法检测肝细胞中细胞色素酶P450（CYP450）的表达。结果显示,槲皮素处理损伤的肝细胞后,肝细胞CYPIAl、CYP281及CYP2E1的表达随槲皮素浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而呈先升高后降低的趋势。10mg／LAroclor1254是诱导体外培养的原代肝细胞损伤的最适质量浓度,10μmol／L槲皮素是对损伤的怀孕大鼠肝细胞的最佳保护浓度。结果表明,槲皮素对损伤的怀孕大鼠肝细胞具有保护作用。     

槲皮素对Aroclor1254诱导的孕鼠肝细胞CYP450表达的影响

采用胶原酶二步灌流法获取怀孕大鼠的原代肝细胞,以Aroclor1254诱导肝细胞损伤,用不同剂量的槲皮素分别处理损伤的肝细胞24⁷2h,RT-PCR及Western-blot法检测肝细胞中细胞色素酶P450(CYP450)的表达。结果显示,槲皮素处理损伤的肝细胞后,肝细胞CYP1A1、CYP2B1及CYP2E1的表达随槲皮素浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而呈先升高后降低的趋势。10mg/L Aroclor1254是诱导体外培养的原代肝细胞损伤的最适质量浓度,10μmol/L槲皮素是对损伤的怀孕大鼠肝细胞的最佳保护浓度。结果表明,槲皮素对损伤的怀孕大鼠肝细胞具有保护作用。     

17α-甲基睾酮对稀有鮈鲫精巢DNA甲基转移酶基因表达的影响

[目的] 以稀有鮈鲫雄鱼为研究对象,探讨17α-甲基睾酮（17α-methyltestosterone,MT）对稀有鮈鲫精巢甲基转移酶（DNMT）基因相对表达量的影响。[方法] 采用不同浓度MT（25、50和100 ng/L）处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼7、14和21 d,处理结束时,每组随机解剖10条鱼,取精巢组织,Trizol一步法提取总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测DNA甲基转移酶基因（dnmts）相对表达量。[结果] MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼7 d,25 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.05）、50 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.01）和100 ng/L MT处理组（P<0.05）精巢dnmt3基因相对表达量显著（或极显著）降低;25 ng/L MT处理组和50 ng/L MT处理组精巢dnmt5基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）降低;50 ng/L MT处理组精巢dnmt7基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）降低。MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼14 d,100 ng/L的MT处理组dnmt3、dnmt5、dnmt6、dnmt7基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高;50 ng/L的MT处理组dnmt1基因相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高。MT处理稀有鮈鲫雄鱼21 d,50 ng/L MT处理组和100 ng/L MT处理组dnmt1基因相对表达量显著（P<0.05）升高;100 ng/L MT处理组dnmt8基因相对表达量极显著（P<0.01）升高。[结论] MT可以干扰稀有鮈鲫精巢DNA甲基转移酶基因dmmts的mRNA表达。MT对DNMTs酶活性的影响以及是否可以通过改变DNA甲基化水平对稀有鮈鲫精子的发生产生影响有待研究。     

丙酸钠和丙酮酸钠对体外培养牛肝细胞内丙酮酸羟化酶基因mRNA水平的影响

在成功构建牛肝细胞培养模型和PC基因DNA竞争模板的基础上，采用竞争RT—PCR方法检测了丙酸钠和丙酮酸钠对体外培养新生牛单层肝细胞PC基因mRNA丰度的影响。结果，随着丙酸钠浓度的升高，PC基因mRNA水平呈上升趋势，PC基因mRNA对丙酸钠的耐受范围较广；随着丙酮酸钠浓度的升高PC基因mRNA水平呈先上升后下降的趋势。结果表明，肝细胞内PC基因mRNA的表达水平受丙酮酸钠浓度的调控，在一定范围内丙酮酸钠对PC基因mRNA的转录具有促进作用，而浓度过高时则起抑制作用。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.