刺激隐核虫感染卵形鲳鲹血细胞及血清生化指标的影响

在实验室条件下,用刺激隐核虫(Cryptocaryon irritans)人工感染健康卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus),然后观察卵形鲳鲹血细胞及血清生化指标的变化。结果表明,卵形鲳鲹感染后血红细胞数量极显著降低(P0.01),白细胞数量显著增加(P0.05),红细胞长径显著增加(P0.05),而其余白细胞的长径和短径略有增加,但差异不显著(P0.05);感染后血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量显著降低(P0.01);谷草比谷丙(AST/ALT)升高,甘油三酯(TG)、钠Na、磷P和钾K极显著增加(P0.01);总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLB)显著升高(P0.05);而白蛋白/球蛋白(ALB/GLO)、总胆固醇(TCH)和钙Ca略有增加,但不显著(P0.05)。可见卵形鲳鲹感染刺激隐核虫后血细胞数量和血清生化指标发生不同程度的变化。     

坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡早期生长发育与开产性能分析

为了研究坝上长尾鸡与绿壳蛋鸡早期体质量、胫长与开产性能之间的关系,建立基于体质量、胫长指标与开产性能的最优回归方程。随机选取1日龄坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡各200只,测定5周龄体质量(X₁)、6周龄体质量(X₂)、7周龄体质量(X₃)、5周龄胫长(X₄)、6周龄胫长(X₅)、7周龄胫长(X₆)、开产日龄(Y₁)、开产蛋重(Y₂)、开产体质量(Y₃),并进行相关与回归分析。结果表明：绿壳蛋鸡开产日龄极显著早于坝上长尾鸡(p<0.01),坝上长尾鸡开产体质量、开产蛋重极显著高于绿壳蛋鸡(p<0.01);坝上长尾鸡与绿壳蛋鸡5～7周龄体质量、胫长与开产蛋重、开产体质量均呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与开产日龄呈不显著负相关(p>0.05)并得出坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡最优回归方程。说明可以通过坝上长尾鸡和绿壳蛋鸡生长性状指标预测评估开产性能。     

二次补铁对哺乳仔猪生长发育的影响

实验选取同一日龄出生的24头初生仔猪分为试验组和对照组,每组各12头仔猪;其中对照组在3日龄注射铁血龙2mL;试验组分别在3日龄及17日龄各注射铁血龙2mL;28日龄断奶时逐头称重并采血测定血红蛋白含量,全程统计发病及死亡头数。经t检验,哺乳仔猪28日龄断奶时,增重、平均血红蛋白含量试验组与对照组相比,差异均达到极显著水平(p<0.01);发病率和死亡率试验组与对照组相比,差异未达到显著水平(p>0.05)。因此,二次补铁与一次补铁相比能显著提高哺乳仔猪个体增重和提升仔猪血液中血红蛋白含量,增加经济收入。     

高能复合酶蛋白饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验探讨高能复合酶蛋白饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、脂肪酸组成的影响。试验采用60头生长育肥猪,分为4个处理,每个处理3组,每组5头猪。研究表明:第Ⅳ组平均日增重、平均日采食量下降,与其它3组相比差异极显著(p<0.01);第四组的料重比高于其它3组,并且与第一组、第二组之间差异显著(p<0.05)。各组之间棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸的含量差异均极显著(p<0.01)。结论:高能复合酶蛋白饲料的适宜添加量为5%￣10%。     

低温胁迫对罗非鱼血液生化、免疫及抗氧化指标的影响

研究4个温度T20(20℃)、T16(16℃)、T12(12℃)和T10(10℃)对90日龄尼罗罗非鱼生化、免疫及抗氧化指标的影响。结果显示,水温降至16℃时,与对照组(T20)比较,罗非鱼血清总蛋白、总胆固醇、白蛋白含量极显著降低(P0.01),血清球蛋白含量和脾脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05),脾脏过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P0.05)。水温降至12℃时,与对照组(T20)比较,血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量与脾脏总抗氧化力极显著降低(P0.01),血清球蛋白、总胆固醇含量与脾脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05),血清尿素含量显著上升(P0.05),血糖含量极显著上升(P0.01)。水温降至10℃时,与对照组(T20)比较,罗非鱼血清中白蛋白、总胆固醇含量和脾脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性极显著降低(P0.01),血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯含量和脾脏过氧化氢酶活性水平显著降低(P0.05),血清中尿素含量极显著上升(P0.01),血糖含量极显著上升(P0.01),脾脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P0.05)。试验结果表明,罗非鱼的生化、免疫及抗氧化指标均随着温度的降低发生改变,与低温胁迫致罗非鱼昏迷及死亡有关。     

MITFa及TYR基因在红色锦鲤体色发生不同阶段的表达分析

本研究描述了红色锦鲤从出膜到体色形成的过程,总结和归纳不同发育阶段体色变化异同点,筛选出6个体色变化较显著时期,分别为1、2、3、4、12、48日龄。利用荧光定量PCR分析MITFa及TYR基因在红色锦鲤6个体色变化时期的表达情况。结果显示,MITFa基因在1日龄时表达量最高,显著高于48日龄时(P0.05),极显著高于其他4个时期(P0.01)。48日龄时表达量次之,亦极显著高于2、3、4、12日龄4个时期(P0.01)。2、3、4、12日龄4个时期MITFa基因表达量较低且不存在显著差异(P0.05)。TYR基因在1日龄时表达量最高(P0.01),4日龄时表达量显著高于12、48日龄(P0.05),与2、3日龄不存在显著差异(P0.05)。TYR基因表达量在2、3、12、48日龄4个时期差异不显著(P0.05)。MITFa和TYR基因在红色锦鲤体色形成过程中,表达水平整体呈现降低的趋势,其中MITFa基因表达量表现为先降后升,TYR基因则先降后升再降。以上结果显示MITFa、TYR基因与锦鲤体色形成具有一定相关性,但MITFa和TYR基因在体色发生中的相互作用还有待进一步研究证实。     

滨海氯化物型盐碱水池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹营养品质分析

为探究盐碱水养殖大规格中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的品质参数，以山东东营滨海氯化物型盐碱水池塘养殖的大规格中华绒螯蟹为研究对象，探究其可食率、色泽、脂肪酸、游离氨基酸和矿物质元素等品质参数。结果表明，雌雄个体间可食率及肥满度指标均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。雌性卵巢中水分含量极显著低于雄性性腺系统，而粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则极显著高于雄性性腺系统(P<0.01)。雌体肝胰腺中二十二碳六烯酸DHA、花生四烯酸ARA、总高不饱和脂肪酸∑HUFA和总ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸∑n-3 PUFA极显著低于雄体，卵巢中二十碳五烯酸EPA和ARA极显著低于雄体性腺系统(P<0.01)。雌性卵巢中12项游离氨基酸含量显著高于雄性性腺系统(P<0.05)。肝胰腺、性腺和肌肉组织中主要呈鲜味、甜味和苦味的氨基酸为谷氨酸Glu、丙氨酸Ala和精氨酸Arg。雌性卵巢中钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)和总矿物质元素∑TME含量极显著低于雄性性腺系统(P<0.01),钾(K)含量显著低于雄性性腺系统(P<0.05),而镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)和锌(Zn)含量则...     

糖萜素对中华鳖的生长性能及其血清生化指标的影响

选取相同生长阶段、体重均匀的中华鳖72只,随机分为6组,每组2个平行,每个平行6只。糖萜素的添加量为每公斤饲料0、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0 g。结果表明:试验2组中华鳖日增重最大,饲料系数最低,对照组日增重最小,饲料系数最高。试验5组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),其它组与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。试验组的饲料系数与对照组相比极显著降低(P<0.01)。试验5组中华鳖血清生化指标与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),其它各组与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,在一定范围内,糖萜素能促进中华鳖的生长,降低饲料系数,提高饲料利用率;同时可以显著(P<0.05)降低中华鳖血清中尿素氮、甘油三酯及胆固醇的含量,提高总蛋白和白蛋白的含量。     

“狂游症”中华鲟幼鱼血液生化指标初步研究

检测了"狂游症"中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼(体长(27.2±3.1)cm,体重(152.3±41.2)g)的血液生化指标。结果显示,患病中华鲟谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、尿素(UREA)、肌酐(CREA)等指标较健康中华鲟显著升高(P<0.05),其中ALT、AST、ALP、LDH、UREA差异极显著(P<0.01),患病鱼胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆固醇(CHOL)有所升高,但不显著;患病中华鲟α-淀粉酶(α-AMY)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、总胆红素(TBIL)、葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-CHOL)等指标较健康中华鲟显著降低(P<0.05),其中TBIL、GLU、HDLCHOL差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

南海鸢乌贼耳石微量元素研究

根据2012年9月~10月于南海采集的鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)样本,利用激光剥蚀电感等离子质谱法(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LA-ICP-MS)分析鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成及分布。结果显示,南海鸢乌贼耳石含量前10位的元素依次为钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钠(Na)、磷(P)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、铝(Al)、铜(Cu)和镍(Ni)。P方差分析发现,鸢乌贼耳石微量元素Ca(P=0.017)、Sr(P=0.016)、Na(P=0.042)种群差异显著(P0.05);中型群Ca(P=0.026)、Sr(P=0.021)、Na(P=0.025)性别差异显著(P0.05),微型群性别差异不显著(P0.05);中型群Cu(P=0.002)、Ni(P=0.001)日龄差异显著(P0.05),微型群P(P=0.000)、Mg(P=0.002)、Zn(P=0.023)、Al(P=0.000)、Cu(P=0.003)日龄差异显著(P0.05)。南海鸢乌贼Sr含量随纬度的降低而减少,且0日龄高于10日龄。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染后雏鸭血清生化指标变化的研究

利用生化自动分析仪对人工感染Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(含菌量3*109CFU)的20日龄天府肉鸭血清GLU、TC、LDH、ALT、AKP、AMS进行了测定。结果表明:GLU、TC、LDH、ALT在发病高峰期均显著升高(P≤0.01),AKP、AMS有升高,但与对照组相比无差异。     

Haematological and biochemical profile of harvest-size carp during harvest and post-harvest storage

Stress load on harvest‐size common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) just before harvest, during harvest and during the post‐harvest storage were assessed using haematological and biochemical indices. The study was carried out at the 60 ha Dřemliny pond for 28, 7 and 1 day before harvest, during 3‐day harvest and after a 28‐day post‐harvest period. Indices monitored included the relative spleen weight (SSI), erythrocyte count (Er), haemoglobin levels (Hb), haematocrit (PCV), MCV, MCH, MCHC, leucocrit (Bc), differential leucocyte count (leucogram), blood plasma cortisol, glucose, total proteins (TP), cholesterol and chloride. During harvest, a significant decrease of SSI (P<0.05; P<0.01), increase of PCV (P<0.01), decrease of Bc (P<0.01, P<0.05), lymphopenia (P<0.05) and neutrophilia (P<0.01) were observed. A significant increase in the levels of blood plasma cortisol was found 1 day before harvest (P<0.05) due to draining off the pond before harvest itself, hyperglycaemia was observed 1 day before harvest (P<0.05) and during harvest (P<0.01); a decrease, on the other hand, was found in cholesterol and chloride levels (P<0.01). The relationships between oxygen content in water and SSI and MCHC were positive (P>0.05) and between oxygen and glucose were negative (P>0.01). A 28‐day post‐harvest storage returned the indices investigated back to physiological interval of values. Persistently lower levels of Bc, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and lower TP concentrations are indicative of deepening immunosuppression during the post‐harvest storage period. Changes of haematological and biochemical indices during harvest in relation to hypoxia, fish handling and higher stocking rates are also discussed.     

Correlations between circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and thyroxine and cortisol hormone levels,and some biometrical traits in female brood stocks during the late stages of sex maturation and in juvenile Persian sturgeon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser persicus</Emphasis>)

Relationships between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and thyroxine (T4) and cortisol hormones were studied in female brood stocks of Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus; caught from both sea water (SW) and fresh water (FW)] during late stages of sex maturation. A number of biometrical traits were also studied that could represent the reproductive and/or growth states of brood stocks, and the possible relationship between IGF-I and growth was assessed in juvenile Persian sturgeons between 1 and 4 years of age. IGF-I, T4 and cortisol were measured in serum samples using commercially available kits. A four-parameter logistic model test was performed between the standard curves and the sample dilutions for each hormone. Parallelism, linearity and regression coefficients for the linearized standard curves and serial dilutions of samples were not significantly different (P < 0.05). Serum IGF-I levels in the juveniles were higher than those in the SW brood stocks, and cortisol levels in the former were lower than those in both brood stocks (P < 0.05). T4 levels in serum samples of juveniles were below the detectable level. IGF-I concentrations in juveniles were correlated with total weight, total length and fork length, but they did not increase significantly with increasing age from 1 to 4 years old (P < 0.05). Compared with SW brood stock, the FW brood stock was younger, had a smaller girth, smaller polarization index and higher ova diameter (P < 0.05). There were no differences between IGF-I and T4 levels in the two brood stocks, but cortisol levels were significantly higher in the FW brood stock. Percentage of fertilization was correlated with serum IGF-I in both brood stocks (P < 0.05). Our results support a role for IGF-I during the juvenile growth and reproductive physiology in female brood stocks of the Persian sturgeon.     

Dietary choline, betaine and lecithin mitigates endosulfan-induced stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings

A five-week experiment was conducted to delineate stress-mitigating effects of three different methyl donors in Labeo rohita fingerlings subjected to endosulfan toxicity. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric feed were prepared with and without supplementation of methyl donors. The feed were basal or control diet (i.e., without methyl donor supplementation), feed supplemented with choline, feed supplemented with betaine and feed supplemented with lecithin. Two hundred and twenty-five fishes were distributed randomly in five treatment groups each with three replicates. The experimental setup were normal water (without endosulfan) and fed with control diet (control group), endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (T?), endosulfan-treated water and fed with choline supplemented feed (T?), endosulfan-treated water and fed with betaine supplemented feed (T?) and endosulfan-treated water and fed with lecithin-supplemented feed (T?). The level of endosulfan in endosulfan treated water was maintained at the level of 1/10 of LC??, that is, 0.2 ppb. During the experiment, growth performances, metabolic enzyme activity and histological examination were done to assess the effect of treatments. The growth performance (percentage weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio) and nutrient digestibility were significantly different (P<0.01) in lecithin, betaine and choline fed group when compared to endosulfan-exposed group fed with basal diet. The liver LDH and MDH activity were significantly (P<0.01) improved in the groups fed with methyl donor supplemented diet. The liver AST and ALT, brain AChE and muscle ALT did not change with supplementation in the diet, but muscle ALT and G6PDH significantly (P<0.01) changed with supplementation. The gill and liver ATPase and intestinal ALP were significantly (P<0.01) noticeably changed in supplemented group. After endosulfan exposure, histopathology alter like slight large vacuolation in hepatocyte and lipoid vacuole were observed and with supplementation normal appearance of liver were observed. The chromosome aberration (karyotype) was observed in endosulfan-exposed group. The result obtained in present study concluded that inclusion of methyl donors, particularly lecithin and betaine, in feed as nutritional supplements has a potential stress-mitigating effect in L. rohita fingerlings.     

Substitution of soybean meal with fermented <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha</Emphasis> kernel meal: effect on growth performance,body composition,and metabolic enzyme activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis>

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg^?1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg^?1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg^?1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05?±?0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P?>?0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P?<?0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.     

水解单宁对暗纹东方鲀摄食偏好、消化代谢和抗氧化能力的效应

为了解菜粕替代鱼粉后单宁的作用,配制4组等氮等能饲料饲喂初重(39.84±3.09) g的暗纹东方鲀8周。以含43%鱼粉的实用基础饲料T0为对照;另设置3个不同的鱼粉用量组,用酪蛋白平衡蛋白质含量,并添加0.25%(T1)、0.75%(T2)和1.25%(T3)的水解单宁,使酪蛋白:水解单宁≈菜粕中蛋白含量:菜粕中单宁含量=16.8∶1。结果显示,随饲料中水解单宁添加量的增加,增重率呈上升趋势,饲料系数显著下降;肌肉粗脂肪含量T2组显著高于T0及T1组,对照组氨基酸水平显著高于其他组。肝脏抗氧化指标中,T0组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著低于其他组,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)则显著高于其他组,T3组丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其他组。血清抗氧化指标中,3个单宁组MDA含量均显著高于对照组,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著下降。随饲料中水解单宁添加量的增加,血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性先升后降,与肝脏中趋势一致;T1组白蛋白(ALB)含量高于T0及T3组,显著高于T2组,T1组总蛋白(TP)含量高于T0组,显著高于T2及T3组。T1及T2组肠道淀粉酶活性显著高于T0组,胃和肠道中的蛋白酶活性随水解单宁添加量的增加显著上升,胃脂肪酶活性显著下降。T3组苦味受体T2R1表达量在舌尖和肠道均显著高于对照组;肝脏热休克蛋白HSP70表达量T0组显著高于T3;摄食偏好实验中,驯化前暗纹东方鲀摄食偏好随水解单宁添加量的增加显著下降,驯化8周后,4组实验鱼对T2饲料的偏好程度均显著高于T0,T0饲料高于T1和T3组。研究表明,添加1.25%及以下水解单宁对暗纹东方鲀生长无负面影响,一定程度上对饲料有节约作用;添加水解单宁会改变鱼体对蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的消化及蛋白质合成代谢,添加量在1.25%时会损伤抗氧化能力和抗应激能力;用含有水解单宁的饲料驯化暗纹东方鲀可显著提高其对水解单宁添加量为0.75%的饲料的偏好程度,并提高对苦味的接受能力。     

三种糖代谢调控剂对异育银鲫生长、血液生化指标和糖原代谢的影响

在高糖基础日粮中分别添加10 mg/kg罗格列酮、10 mg/kg格列本脲、4 g/kg 1,6-二磷酸果糖,饲喂初始重量为(4.87±0.12)g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio),对照组喂基础日粮,饲喂56 d后测定了这三种糖代谢调控剂对异育银鲫生长、血液生化指标和糖原代谢的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲料中添加罗格列酮后饵料系数显著降低(P<0.05),添加罗格列酮和格列本脲后,肝体比显著增大(P<0.01);与对照组相比,罗格列酮能提高血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05)、球蛋白含量(P<0.01),降低血糖的浓度(P<0.01);1,6-二磷酸果糖能提高血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05),提高血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白的含量(P<0.01);格列本脲能提高血清谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05),提高总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白的含量(P<0.01)、降低血糖的浓度(P<0.01);③与对照组相比,罗格列酮能提高肌糖原的含量(P<0.05),格列本脲组肌糖原也有提高的趋势。     

Climate‐induced environmental conditions influencing interannual variability of Mediterranean bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larval growth

Daily growth variability of bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larvae sampled in their Balearic Sea spawning grounds during the 2003–2005 spawning seasons was examined. Multi‐factorial ANOVA was applied to study the effects of environmental variables, such as temperature at 10 m depth (T10), microzooplankton dry weight (MDW) and protein/dry weight ratio (PROT/MDW) on larval growth. The 2003 bluefin tuna (BFT) larval cohort showed the fastest growth, recognizable from enhanced otolith and somatic mass increment compared to the 2004–2005 larval cohorts. The 2003 BFT larvae showed greater recent growth than the 2004–2005 BFT cohorts, which decreased in the last stages of development. Growth differences between the 2004 and 2005 larval cohorts were not significant. The environmental conditions between 2003 and 2004–2005 were highly contrasting as a result of the 2003 warming anomaly. Somatic and otolith growth rates (OGR) were significantly related to T10 and MDW, as well as to the PROT/MDW ratios. Nonetheless, the effect of T10 on OGR depended on the relative high (H) or low (L) levels of MDW and PROT/DW. Higher OGR was observed when T10 was high, MDW was low and PROT/DW was high. This environmental scenario conditions were met during 2003, which recorded the highest surface temperature and low planktonic biomass. Somatic growth, expressed as larval DW growth increase (DWGR), showed three‐factor significant interactions with T10*MDW*PROT/MDW, in which the two‐way interactions of MDW*PROT/MDW showed differences in the function of T10 levels.     

多种环境因子对克氏原螯虾蜕壳死亡的影响及对策研究

为探究克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)蜕壳死亡原因及预防对策,该研究以不同环境因子饲养和胁迫不同规格的克氏原螯虾,初步探讨其蜕壳死亡原因及预防对策。结果表明,水体中钙(Ca2+)质量浓度为30 mg·L^?1、镁(Mg^2+)质量浓度为15 mg·L^?1时,克氏原螯虾的成活率和蜕壳率最高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而蜕壳死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);水体中pH为9.23,或者溶解氧质量浓度为4.5 mg·L^?1时,虾的成活率和蜕壳率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而蜕壳死亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);盐度为21时的蜕壳死亡率最高(P<0.05)。环境因子等诸多因素是造成克氏原螯虾蜕壳死亡的重要原因,而蜕壳死亡现象时有发生,需采取预防对策方可提高产量。     

滇南亚种原鸡与家鸡蛋品质及体型指数分析研究

主要研究比较滇南亚种原鸡与家鸡品种的蛋品质和分析体尺及体型指数差异,为开发利用原鸡与家鸡品种改良奠定基础。结果显示,原鸡新鲜蛋黄比例显著高于绿耳乌骨鸡、茶花鸡及傣族鸡等地方品种(P<0.05),极显著高于海兰褐(P<0.01);蛋白比例显著低于地方品种(P<0.05),极显著低于海兰褐(P<0.01);蛋重也极显著低于家鸡品种(P<0.01)。随蛋存放时间延长,蛋比重、蛋白比例呈下降趋势,蛋黄比例呈增加趋势、原鸡表现尤为明显。家鸡品种体尺、体型指数与原鸡差异明显,其中原鸡体斜长与胸宽显著低于傣族鸡、绿耳乌骨鸡(P<0.05),与茶花鸡差异不显著(P>0.05);胸深、胸围、髋宽及胫长显著低于茶花鸡、傣族鸡及绿耳乌骨鸡等家鸡品种(P<0.05);胸骨长显著仅低于绿耳乌骨鸡、茶花鸡(P<0.05),与傣族鸡差异不显著(P>0.05)。体型指数较家鸡而言,第一胸指数、第二胸指数和髋胸指数略高,其它指数均低于家鸡。