大鼠表皮干细胞的分离及鉴定

在试验中采用组织块法分离培养大鼠表皮干细胞,观察所培养的细胞形态,免疫组织化学方法检测CK15、P63、α6-integrin表达情况并用α6-integrin标记表皮干细胞经流式细胞仪检测其标记率,同时对1~6代表皮干细胞在不同培养时间计数。结果表明,采用组织块法能分离得到大鼠表皮干细胞,且获得的细胞生长良好;干细胞标记物CK15、α6-integrin、P63呈阳性。经流式细胞仪检测得知,黏附细胞被α6-integrin标记的几率为80%,而未黏附细胞被α6-integrin标记的几率仅为2%,二者相差较大。     

羊驼毛囊干细胞分离、培养与鉴定

采用0.2%中性蛋白酶Ⅱ和0.25%胰酶∶0.02%EDTA(1∶1)"两步酶"消化法从羊驼背部皮肤分离得到羊驼毛囊干细胞。用无血清角质细胞培养基(K-SFM)培养进行形态学观察、细胞生长曲线克隆形成率及免疫组化染色检测。结果显示,细胞生长曲线表明,不同代次毛囊干细胞接种前3d生长缓慢,4⁶d进入倍增期,有无限增殖的趋势,所分离的羊驼毛囊干细胞具备毛囊干细胞特征(体积小、立体感强),呈现未分化特征;CK19、CK15、β1-integrin和CD34免疫组化染色阳性;第3、5、7、9代克隆形成率分别为(32.7±2.27)%、(47.0±3.46)%、(46.3±3.18)%和(43.3±3.76)%。结果表明,用"两步酶"消化法成功分离获得羊驼毛囊干细胞,无血清角质细胞培养基(K-SFM)可使羊驼毛囊干细胞体外维持未分化状态并传代至12代。     

山羊毛囊干细胞分离培养方法研究

分别采用组织块法和酶消化法分离培养山羊毛囊干细胞,并通过形态学观察、免疫组化染色以及克隆形成率来比较2种方法体外分离培养毛囊干细胞的效率。组织块法获得的细胞第1、3、7代K19阳性率分别为52.0%±1.62%6、8.4%±1.82%、72.0%±2.42%,integrin-β1分别为52.5%±2.12%、66.3%±1.98%、73.0%±2.16%,而消化法获得的细胞第1、3、7代K19阳性率分别为56.2%±3.12%、61.7%±1.17%、64.0%±3.02%,integrin-β1分别为56.0%±1.12%、63.0%±1.12%、68.0%±2.32%;组织块法获得的细胞第1、3、7代克隆形成率分别为18.4%±0.77%、31.3%±0.88%、44.7%±1.03%,而消化法获得细胞第1、3、7代克隆形成率为22.6%±2.30%、26.9%±0.86%、32.8%±1.05%;在同样培养条件下,组织块法获得的细胞可体外传19代,而消化法可传12代。结果表明两种方法均能分离得到毛囊干细胞并进行传代,但随着传代次数的增加,组织块法获得的细胞免疫组化染色阳性率、克隆形成率以及传代能力均显著高于酶消化法获得的细胞(P<0.01)。     

羊驼毛囊干细胞分离、培养与鉴定

采用0．2％中性蛋白酶Ⅱ和0．25％胰酶：0．02％EDTA（1：1）“两步酶”消化法从羊驼背部皮肤分离得到羊驼毛囊干细胞。用无血清角质细胞培养基（K-SFM）培养进行形态学观察、细胞生长曲线克隆形成率及免疫组化染色检测。结果显示，细胞生长曲线表明，不同代次毛囊干细胞接种前3d生长缓慢，4～6d进入倍增期，有无限增殖的趋势，所分离的羊驼毛囊干细胞具备毛囊干细胞特征（体积小、立体感强），呈现未分化特征；CK19、CK15、81-integrin和CD34免疫组化染色阳性；第3、5、7、9代克隆形成率分别为（32．7±2．27）％、（47．0±3．46）％、（46．3±3．18）％和（43．3±3．76）％。结果表明，用“两步酶”消化法成功分离获得羊驼毛囊干细胞，无血清角质细胞培养基（K—SFM）可使羊驼毛囊干细胞体外维持未分化状态并传代至12代。     

山羊毛囊干细胞分离、培养及鉴定

采用2．4U／mLDispase酶消化和机械切割法分离毛囊隆突部,经胰酶（0．5mg／mL胰酶＋0．2mg／mLEDTA）消化从山羊耳部皮肤分离得到毛囊干细胞,用自制无血清培养基培养,并用形态学观察、细胞生长曲线、克隆形成率及免疫组化染色检测,探讨毛囊干细胞体外分离培养方法及生物学特性。结果表明,所分离细胞具备毛囊干细胞特征：体积较小、表面光滑、立体感强,呈现未分化细胞特征;K19、integrin-β1以及p63免疫组化染色阳性;第3、5、7代干细胞克隆形成率分别为25．6％&#177;2．6％、31．8％&#177;1．9％和27．0％&#177;3．9％,极显著高于对照组角质细胞克隆形成率（P〈0．01）。采用配制的无血清条件培养液可使山羊毛囊干细胞体外维持未分化状态并传代至19代。     

毛囊干细胞的分离方法及其应用

毛囊干细胞是皮肤组织工程理想的种子细胞,分离纯化是其研究的基础手段。毛囊干细胞能分化成毛囊、皮脂腺、表皮,在组织维持与更新及某些临床疾病的治疗中均起到重要的作用。作者介绍了近年来毛囊干细胞几种常用的分离纯化方法,包括组织块法和酶消化法等,为进一步研究毛囊干细胞的特性和应用提供参考。     

西门塔尔牛表皮干细胞的分离培养与生物学特性研究

旨在建立西门塔尔牛表皮干细胞(epidermal stem cell, EpSCs)分离培养体系,探究其生物学特性,为西门塔尔牛种质资源保存提供新方法,为干细胞治疗研究提供种子细胞。采用3～4月龄西门塔尔牛背部表皮,通过酶消化法和组织贴壁法两种方法分离培养西门塔尔牛EpSCs,绘制EpSCs生长曲线探讨其增殖能力。通过免疫荧光鉴定EpSCs表面标记物(ITG β1、P63和CD71),通过RT-PCR分析EpSCs特异性基因(ITG β1、KRT19和ITG α6)表达情况。通过体外诱导EpSCs分化为脂肪细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞检测其分化潜能。结果显示,组织块贴壁法获得的EpSCs纯度较低,酶消法获得的EpSCs纯度较高,细胞传代至P28代时开始逐渐老化。EpSCs细胞生长曲线呈“S”型。免疫荧光结果显示EpSCs表面特异性标记物ITG β1、P63和CD71呈阳性表达,RT-PCR结果显示EpSCs高度表达ITG β1、KRT19和ITG α6,不表达CD31基因。EpSCs诱导分化脂肪细胞时,产生可被油红O着色的脂滴,经鉴定细胞阳性表达脂肪细胞PPAR-γ和LPL特异性基因。Ep...     

原代犬小肠上皮细胞的分离培养与鉴定

旨在建立原代犬小肠上皮细胞分离培养及纯化的方法,为犬肠道病毒性、细菌性及寄生虫相关疾病研究提供细胞材料。采用组织块培养法分离培养原代犬小肠上皮细胞,胰酶差速消化法进行纯化,利用细胞形态学、间接免疫荧光法鉴定上皮细胞特性,脂多糖(LPS)刺激原代上皮细胞,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法检测炎性因子转录水平,鉴定原代犬小肠上皮细胞的功能。结果显示：组织块培养法获得的原代犬小肠上皮细胞可在24 h内贴壁,第3天细胞开始增殖,第4天时达到增殖顶峰,第5～7天细胞活性逐渐降低,在体外连续传代可培养至第10代。经胰蛋白酶差速消化纯化后,获得铺路石样原代犬小肠上皮细胞,生长曲线类似“S”形,上皮细胞特异性细胞角蛋白18 (CK18)鉴定呈阳性,LPS可诱导犬小肠原代上皮细胞炎症因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的转录水平在12 h(P<0.05)、24 h(P<0.01)表达量呈显著和极显著差异。研究表明,利用组织块培养法可成功分离获得数量较多、纯度较高且具有典型上皮细胞形态和功能的犬小肠上皮细...     

猫子宫内膜上皮细胞的分离培养与生物学特性

为了分离、纯化、培养猫子宫内膜上皮细胞并分析其生物学特性,本试验采用胰蛋白酶消化法+组织块培养法,于体外分离和培养子宫内膜上皮细胞,并采用免疫荧光法对其进行鉴定;测定第3代(P3)细胞生长曲线和群体倍增时间,比较P3和P6细胞克隆形成率。结果显示：猫子宫内膜上皮细胞呈典型铺路石状,细胞角蛋白染色呈阳性,符合内膜上皮细胞特征;P3细胞生长曲线呈典型S型;P3子宫内膜上皮细胞群体倍增时间为(22.73±2.05) h,其克隆形成率极显著高于P6(P<0.01)。结果表明：本试验采用胰蛋白酶消化法+组织块培养法分离获得的猫子宫内膜上皮细胞具有良好的体外增殖能力。     

猫角膜缘干细胞不同采集、分离与培养鉴定方法的对比研究

本研究旨在对比不同的分离与培养方法体外培养猫角膜缘干细胞(feline limbal stem cells, FLSCs)的效果,建立使FLSCs持续稳定增殖、结构及功能正常的最佳分离与培养体系。在手术显微镜下活体采集猫角膜缘组织,分别使用组织贴壁法(T法)、混合酶消化法(N法)、混合酶消化法联合组织贴壁法(NT法)分离FLSCs,鉴定LSCs标志蛋白ABCG2,以筛选最适分离方法。用BC培养基、DLM培养基和SCM培养基进行细胞培养,连续7 d细胞计数、观察细胞形态,选取LSCs的阳性标志物p63、波形蛋白和上皮分化标记物CK3、CK12定性分析第3、4、5代培养细胞。结果显示：3种方法分离的细胞中,ABCG2均呈阳性表达,NT法表达最强,表明3种方法均可分离FLSCs, NT法消化分离效果最好。3种培养基均可培养FLSCs,细胞形态无差异,细胞在DLM组中增殖速度最快,更快到达细胞生长峰值,与其他两组比,差异显著(P<0.05)。FLSCs生长曲线图呈典型“S”型,前72 h为迟缓期,72～216 h为对数生长期,216～264 h则基本处于平稳期,从264 h开始进入衰亡期...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -