Evaluating the unevenness of stretch-broken tow in tow-to-yarn direct spinning

This study evaluates the unevenness (CV%) of the stretch-broken tow in the break draft zone of a two drafting-three pairs of rollers with double apron draft system using oxidized filament tow. A new method is presented for determining a suitable break draft condition in tow-to-yarn direct spinning to obtain the best oxidized yarn quality using the technique of stretch-broken tow unevenness. We adopt a two drafting-three pairs of rollers with double apron draft system replaces the traditional one drafting-two pairs of rollers draft system to precede the 37 tex oxidized direct yarn spinning. The fundamental relationships between break drafting conditions (such as draft ratio and roller gauge) and CV% of stretch-broken tow are on the same trend of the drafting force. The results revealed, based on the correlation of stretch-broken tow unevenness and yarn quality, the draft condition corresponding to the lower CV% can be chosen as the suitable break draft in tow-to-yarn direct spinning to obtain the best oxidized direct yarn quality. In fact, the work had successfully improved the direct yarn quality.     

Real-time estimation and irregularity control of the sliver draft system

High regularity is important in manufacturing spun yarn. Among controllers used in regularity control, existing PID controller is suitable for linear time-invariant systems but not for the control of sliver draft systems with non-linear characteristic. Thus, the present study designed a knowledge-based fuzzy controller in consideration of disturbance and non-linear characteristic of sliver draft systems. RLS (Recursive Least Squares) was used as an estimation algorithm to formulate a model used in computer simulation for implementing the controller, and real time estimation was made using real data from draft systems to get a model close to actual systems. This research used a estimation model in designing a knowledge-based controller that minimizes the variation of control response to the sliver linear density of the system, and the result of linear density control was used to prove the superiority of the controller in control performance through CV%.     

Application of resequencing to rice genomics,functional genomics and evolutionary analysis

Rice is a model system used for crop genomics studies. The completion of the rice genome draft sequences in 2002 not only accelerated functional genome studies, but also initiated a new era of resequencing rice genomes. Based on the reference genome in rice, next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the high-throughput sequencing system can efficiently accomplish whole genome resequencing of various genetic populations and diverse germplasm resources. Resequencing technology has been effectively utilized in evolutionary analysis, rice genomics and functional genomics studies. This technique is beneficial for both bridging the knowledge gap between genotype and phenotype and facilitating molecular breeding via gene design in rice. Here, we also discuss the limitation, application and future prospects of rice resequencing.     

Dynamic modeling of dry non-woven fabric roller carding and control of web density uniformity. I. Precisely industrial controller design

This series of paper discussed the dynamic modeling of non-woven fabric roller carding and the control of web density uniformity. The dynamic system of dry non-woven fabric roller carding was set up to analyze the dynamic model; then in the process of derivation, theoretical exploration and studies were carried out on one carding unit in the system, consisting of cylinder, worker roller, stripper roller. After that, we probed into the relation between rotation angle and angular velocity of carding unit, and analyzed the time-delay of carding unit. With Pade approximation, the time-delay was taken as the simplification of the system model. The above conditions were utilized to derive the transfer function of carding unit and it was extended to the dry non-woven fabric roller carding system combining four of carding units, feed roller, take-in and doffer in series to obtain the transfer function of this whole system. After confirmed by the designed controller, the system was obviously improved in its tracking property. The steady-state error was also eliminated. Meanwhile, with the participation of the controller, this system might produce the maximum overshoot during its transient response. Therefore, this research regulated the reference input according to the designed dominant poles. This combination scheme effectively control the occurrence of the maximum overshoot and make for good system objectives.     

建立出口花生质量跟踪体系的探讨

食品安全质量问题是当前世界和我国政府及消费者最为关心的问题。我国花生在国际市场上占有重要地位,欧盟是我国花生的最主要出口市场之一。欧盟指令EC／178／2002规定自2005年1月1日起,欧盟将实行食品质量追踪体系,该措施将对我国输欧盟花生产生一定的影响。为了指导出口花生企业建立质量跟踪体系,消除不利影响,通过对出口花生各加工环节进行了分析,提出建立出口花生质量跟踪体系的关键要素。     

基于可见/近红外光谱技术的湄潭翠芽等级判别

以湄潭翠芽为研究对象,利用可见/近红外光谱技术对其等级进行判别。首先利用卷积平滑、多元散射校正、标准正态变量变换、一阶导数法、二阶导数法、去趋势法等预处理方法对样本原始光谱数据进行处理。然后基于不同光谱预处理方法和原始光谱建立偏最小二乘回归模型,研究分析不同光谱预处理方法对模型的影响,结果表明,使用卷积平滑预处理方法的模型效果最好。然后,研究分别采用逐步回归分析、连续投影算法和竞争性自适应重加权算法3种特征波长选择方法,对卷积平滑预处理后的光谱数据进行特征波长的筛选,以基于不同特征波长选择算法筛选的特征波长和原始全波段数据进行偏最小二乘回归模型建模。结果表明,基于竞争性自适应重加权算法方法筛选的特征波长建立的模型预测效果最好,模型的预测集相关系数达到0.9739,均方根误差为0.2250,这可为湄潭翠芽等级的快速判别提供理论依据。     

Rice bioinformatics in the genomic era:Status and perspectives

Rice is one of cereal crops and a model species for monocots. Since the release of the first draft rice gen-ome sequences in 2002, considerable progress has bee...     

Processing parameters optimization of draw frame for rotor spun yarn strength using gene expression programming (GEP)

Breaking strength is one of the most important mechanical property of a yarn as it is the main parameter for quality control. This property depends on many different factors namely, raw material factors, process variables and machine parameters. Since, there is a high degree of interaction between yarn properties and influencing factors therefore, optimal processing conditions can not be determined easily. This article proposes prediction approach for the determination of the breaking strength of the yarn using gene expression programming (GEP) and optimization technique using MATLAB software. A nonlinear mathematical function was derived on the basis of draw frame variables that were distance between back and middle rolls, delivery speed and break draft by GEP. Afterward, optimal conditions were found in such a way that breaking strength to be maximized. Study showed that, optimal processing parameters including distance between back and middle rolls, break draft and delivery speed were respectively, 10.70 mm, 1.90 and 541.51 m/min (687.95 or 721.32 based on the optimization procedure).     

Study on Spinning triangles in the common ring spinning and Super draft ring spinning systems

In the paper, one kind of super draft ring spinning frame with four drafting rollers and corresponding three drafting zones were introduced. The yarn qualities spun by the super draft ring spinning frame were analyzed by studying the shape of spinning triangles. Using the high speed camera system OLYMPUS i-speed3 and one kind of transparent front top roller, the spinning triangles were captured, and the geometry size of spinning triangle were measured. Then, according to the theoretical model of fiber tension in the spinning triangle, fiber tension distributions in the spinning triangles were presented by using Matlab software. Using the combed roving of 350 tex as raw material, three kinds of cotton yarns, 27.8 tex (21^S), 18.2 tex (32^S) and 14.6 tex (40^S), were spun in the common ring spinning frame with three different suitable spindle speeds, travelers and twist factors. Using the combed roving of 350 tex and 500 tex as raw material, 14.6 tex cotton yarns were spun in the super draft ring spinning frame with three different drafting ratios at back zone. It is shown that with the increasing of spindle speed, a more asymmetric shape of spinning triangle would be produced, and lead to worsen yarn evenness. With the decreasing of traveler weight, the height and horizontal deviation of the spinning triangle is decreased, and may lead to better yarn evenness and less long hairiness. By taking suitable large yarn twist factors, the comprehensive qualities can be improved. Comparing with the common ring spinning, the spinning triangle is larger in the super draft ring spinning. That is, in the super draft ring spinning, the fibers in the strand in the front roller nip are more dispersed, and not benefit for yarn qualities. Therefore, the compact device was introduced into the super draft ring spinning, and the cotton pure yarns and blend yarns were spun, and the yarn qualities were measured and analyzed.     

Mechanical analysis of geocomposites consisting of multi-axial warp knitted fabric and nonwoven mat

An eco-friendly shore protection system for preventing the erosion of shore surfaces has been developed using water permeable geocomposites that allow grass to take root in them. The geocomposites require enough stiffness to resist the flow of the water in the stream and good permeability of the flowing water. In this study, a geocomposite is designed using multi-axial warp knitted fabric (MAWKF) and nonwoven mats to ensure both the mechanical stiffness and water absorption. Firstly, a stress analysis is performed for a shore protection system to calculate stresses which are imposed onto geocomposites. To test geocomposites?? capacity to withstand the stress, the geometrical modeling of a MAWKF is carried out and the mechanical behavior of its unit-cell is analyzed using finite element method. Comparing the predicted results with experiments, the validity of the current modeling is demonstrated. Finally the adaptability of the geocomposite is evaluated using the calculated deformation.     

Irrigation water quality evaluation using adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system

Water quality diagrams are comprised of quality classes defined by crisp sets, and as a consequence the boundaries between classes have an inherent imprecision. In this study, the concentration values of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in United States Salinity Laboratory diagram (USSL) are combined together through an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to generate a new method that can be used instead of the USSL-diagram. The results showed that water quality classification based on the proposed method is more precise in comparison with the USSL-diagram classification, and it is a promising alternative to traditional approach. It has been observed that the ANFIS model with 96% accuracy has much better predicting capability than the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (MFIS). The results indicated that the ANFIS modeling decreases error effects in hydro-chemical experiments and it also significantly decreases computation time for the irrigation water quality evaluation.     

Dielectric behaviour of polyamide monofilament fibers containing moisture as measured in woven form

This paper discusses measurement and modeling of dielectric properties of polymeric materials in a three phase mixture consisting air, moisture and the polymer itself. Using nylon 6 monofilaments as base polymeric materials and assembled in simple woven fabric form, it is shown that the effective permittivity follows a quadratic curve with respect to the volume fraction. The effect of moisture absorption by the fibers on the effective volume fraction is calculated theoretically and results show negligible difference between two extreme cases of moisture adsorption. A new method of analyzing the system as a three phase system is described in this paper.     

Carriage speed control of a cross-lapper system for nonwoven web quality

In a cross-lapper system, the carriage unit is used to make uniform web in appropriate width and thickness. Traditionally, this is a stable, sluggish system with large attenuation of the input in the steady state. In this paper, the modeling, stability, order reduction, dynamic analysis and controller design of a cross-lapper system for good nonwoven web quality will be presented to deal with this issue. A realizable controller is designed which can not only make the closed-loop system efficient for good tracking property but also can achieve the meaningful design objectives. The performance can be effectively shown from the computer simulation.     

Multiple segmented reaches per subwatershed modeling approach for improving HSPF-Paddy water quality simulation

Reach segmentation influences predicted water quality concentrations in water quality modeling. Many lumped or semi-distributed watershed models, including Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF), simulate stream/river water quality with a single segmented reach per subwatershed (SSRS) modeling approach. A multiple-segmented reaches per subwatershed (MSRS) modeling approach was developed, and simulated BOD₅ concentrations for this approach were compared with results from the SSRS modeling approach using the HSPF-Paddy model. The SSRS modeling approach has potential systemic errors for predicting BOD₅ concentration even when the model is well calibrated. When the point source was loaded at the most upstream location with the same decay rate, the predicted BOD₅ concentration using the SSRS modeling approach was higher compared with results for the MSRS modeling approach, and the difference between two methods increases with increasing load and decay rate. When BOD₅ was loaded more downstream, BOD₅ concentration using the SSRS modeling approach was lower compared with results for MSRS modeling. For a case study, simulated streamflow and BOD₅ concentration for the SSRS and MSRS modeling approaches demonstrated good agreement with observed data. However, the estimated decay rate for the SSRS modeling approach was smaller than that for the MSRS modeling approach because BOD decays through total volume in the SSRS modeling approach, although BOD may be loaded anywhere in the reach. The MSRS modeling approach can minimize systematic errors and provide more detailed variation of water quality concentrations along a river length. The MSRS modeling approach does not always need to be applied to all subwatersheds but is recommended for reaches significantly polluted by point source pollution.     

应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗稻瘟病恢复系R153

稻瘟病是危害水稻最严重的病害之一.培育抗稻瘟病的水稻品种是减少因病害损失的有效方法.本研究以携带稻瘟病抗性等位基因Pi25的品系BL108为供体、恢复系恢11-32为受体,应用该抗性基因的连锁标记Si13070C和功能标记CAP3/BglⅡ进行分子标记辅助选择,培育出携带Pi25抗性等位基因的恢复系R153,经福建省上...     

人参主产区土壤部分指标比较研究

土壤问题是制约人参业发展的重要因素之一。本文从人参的实际生产的角度出发,对pH值、有机质、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾等五个影响土壤肥力的重要指标进行实验研究,通过与新林地的土壤数据进行分析比较,得到了人参主产区种植人参后的土壤变化情况。结果显示,不同地区的五项比较指标明显不同,这为各地人参种植提供了指导。     

Simulation of rainfall runoff and pollutant load for Chikugo River basin in Japan using a GIS-based distributed parameter model

In watershed management, the determination of peak and total runoff due to rainfall and prediction of pollutant load are very important. Measurement of rainfall runoff and pollutant load is always the best approach but is not always possible at the desired time and location. In practice, diffuse pollution has a complex natural dependence on various land-use activities such as agriculture, livestock breeding, and forestry. Estimation of pollutant load is therefore essential for watershed management and water pollution control. In this study, a model of rainfall runoff and pollutant load, which uses a geographical information system (GIS) database, is a convenient and powerful tool for resolving the abovementioned complexities. This technology was applied in order to simulate the runoff discharge and the pollutant load of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the Chikugo River basin of Kyushu Island, Japan. First, a hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) and GIS software extension tool were used for simulations of elevation, drainage line definition, watershed delineation, drainage feature characterization, and geometric network generation. The spatial distributions of land cover, soil classes, rainfall, and evaporation were then analyzed in order to simulate the daily runoff discharge at the Chikugo Barrage from April 2005 to December 2007. An important point in this approach is that a new development for data input processing with HEC-HMS was introduced for optimizing parameters of the model. Next, the water quality indicators TN and TP were examined, and an efficient approach was investigated for estimating monthly pollutant loads directly from unit load and ground-observed hydrological data. Both nonpoint and point sources of pollutants were considered, including different land-cover categories, sewers, factories, and livestock farms. The observed and simulated results for the runoff discharges and pollutant loads were in good agreement and totally consistent, indicating that the proposed model is applicable to simulation of rainfall runoff and pollutant load in the Chikugo River basin. Further, this model will be able to provide managers with a useful tool for optimizing the water surface management of this river basin.     

SSR标记在水稻抗稻瘟病研究中的应用

稻瘟病是水稻的主要病害之一,抗病品种的选育是防治稻瘟病的主要途径。微卫星DNA分子标记(简称SSR)为辅助选育抗稻瘟病水稻新品种和抗性鉴定提供了新的思路。通过介绍SSR的原理和方法,阐述SSR在水稻抗稻瘟病研究中的应用,为揭示稻瘟病的分子遗传机理奠定了基础。     

Fuzzy聚类分析在土壤养分分类中的应用

使用模糊聚类分析的方法,对吉林省榆树市弓棚镇春阳村的黑土土壤进行土壤养分分类的研究,建立分类模型,从而确定土壤肥力水平高低,从宏观上把握一定范围内的不同土壤肥力水平的玉米施肥原则,实现玉米增产、稳产。     

水稻磷钾肥运筹的知识模型研究

 在查阅和研究大量文献资料及咨询农学专家的基础上，通过总结、归纳和提炼水稻磷钾肥运筹与品种类型、生态环境和农作条件的动态关系，运用知识工程和系统建模方法，提出了具有时空适应性的水稻适宜磷钾肥运筹动态知识模型，可用于定量设计不同环境和生产条件下水稻品种的适宜磷钾肥用量及磷钾肥基、追肥比例。利用南京、常德两个代表性生态点的典型品种、不同土壤肥力、生产条件及大田对比试验对所建知识模型进行了实例分析和实践检验，结果表明模型预测结果与当地实际情况基本吻合，知识模型在磷钾肥运筹方面具有较好的适用性和决策性。