商丘地区马铃薯保护地栽培与间作套种技术

商丘地处中原,光照充足,灌溉条件优越,农业劳动力过剩,农业生产技术先进,资源非常丰富,人多地少矛盾突出,间作套种面积迅速扩大.马铃薯成为该地区最理想的套种作物,因为马铃薯生育期短,产量高,效益好,马铃薯较短的生育期在保护地栽培条件下,主要部分集中在霜降临界期,而其它作物多是无霜以后才能开始播种.主要套种模式有马铃薯-棉花、马铃薯-玉米-蔬菜(或马铃薯),马铃薯-果树.农民称赞"粮棉不少收,多收一季薯".如何根据马铃薯的基本特性和商丘农业生产特点让马铃薯产生最好经济效益,我们做了初步尝试.     

脱毒马铃薯与棉花间作套种技术

脱毒马铃薯与棉花间作套种是我区棉农通过试验、示范总结出的一种新型套种模式。 1 997年示范 ,1 998年开始大面积推广应用 ,1 999年推广面积3 5 0公顷 ,平均每公顷产马铃薯 3万公斤 ,皮棉1 3 3 5 kg公斤 ,公顷纯收入 2 .85万元。 2 0 0 0年面积发展到 80 0公顷。这种套种模式一般公顷产马铃薯2 .7万～ 3 .3万公斤 ,产皮棉 1 2 75～ 1 3 5 0 kg,公顷纯收入 2 .4万～ 2 .7万元。1脱毒马铃薯与棉花间作套种好处马铃薯采用早春地膜栽培 ,早种 ,早收 ,产量高 ,价格好 ,且耐贮藏、运输 ,市场稳定 ,效益好 ;马铃薯、棉花套种田间操作技术简便 ,省…     

湖南棉花-马铃薯轮作轻简化栽培技术规程

棉花-马铃薯轮作模式对提高棉田综合效益、缓解粮棉争地矛盾等都具有重要意义。根据湖南冬作马铃薯种植习惯,结合湖南棉花轻简栽培技术研究成果,提出了棉花-马铃薯轮作轻简化栽培技术规程。该规程符合省工节本、增产增效的农业发展方向,对棉花-马铃薯轮作标准化生产具有一定的指导作用。     

棉田间套有技巧 立体种植效益高

盐城市棉田立体种植由过去从单一麦子套种,发展到多品种、多层次、多格局的立体种植模式,2001年全市棉田秋冬套种经济作物3 52万公顷,占棉田面积22 2%,春夏间作经济作物9 84万公顷,占棉田面积的62 3%,每公顷平均生产皮棉1431ｋｇ,每公顷增收15000元以上,部分高产高效田增收达37500元以上,东台春马铃薯套种棉花,每公顷增收16500元以上,大丰三龙镇刘如干0 41公顷棉田套种阳春白菜收入就达1 2万元,仅2000年棉田立体种植全市农民计增纯收入5 4亿元,有效地提高棉田综合效益。为适应市场经济,推进农业产业化,加快棉田种植业调整,提高农民增收增效,…     

河北二季作区马铃薯春季多膜覆盖高效种植模式

针对河北省二季作区气候特点,总结出马铃薯多膜覆盖高效栽培模式和各种植区域适宜品种及相应茬口安排,为河北省二季作区马铃薯科学种植提供依据。马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培模式适用于河北省二季作区大部分地区;粮区可以复种夏玉米,棉区可套种棉花,或复种夏播棉;山区可以套种夏玉米。马铃薯拱棚覆盖种植模式,适宜菜区倒茬种植,比地膜覆盖可提早10 d播种、收获,下茬可复种粘玉米+秋菠菜。马铃薯双膜覆盖栽培技术,比地膜覆盖提前20 d播种、收获;下茬可以复种大葱+大白菜,适宜菜区应用。马铃薯三膜覆盖极早熟种植模式,比地膜覆盖提前30 d播种、收获,鲜薯价格高,效益可观,适宜菜区应用;下茬复种黄瓜+大白菜;大葱+大白菜;越夏番茄+大白菜。     

改进玉米覆盖栽培技术高寒山区粮经效益显著

凉山彝族自治州从1984年引进推广玉米地膜覆盖栽培技术。为巩固玉米覆盖效益，1987年开始进行地膜玉米高产高效种植模式研究。历经7年的试验、示范和大面积生产实践，逐步改单作全覆盖栽培为分带轮作套种马铃薯、豆类和光叶紫花苕，用地养地相结合促进粮增产、钱增收。1993年完成玉米地膜覆盖栽培面积16407公顷，每公顷产玉米6846公斤，每公顷增产2756公斤，新增总产45229吨；其中马铃薯套种4052公顷，套种豆类（芸豆、黄豆）7281公顷，套种光叶紫花苕4428公顷，增收马铃薯34220吨、豆类3713吨、光叶紫花苕青99630吨，新增总产值3477万元，新增纯效益1737.4万元。推动了高寒山区种植业和养殖业的平衡发展。     

恩施山区马铃薯与玉米、蔬菜立体种植模式

为了增加单位面积产值,充分利用有限的耕地,恩施州农户巧妙地将马铃薯与玉米、蔬菜进行立体种植,获得相当可观的经济效益。本研究在充分调查的基础上对这种立体种植模式进行了试验。研究方法为在海拔855m的地方采用双行玉米套种单行马铃薯,在玉米生育期内套种两季四季豆、一季白萝卜;对照为传统双行玉米套种单行马铃薯。试验结果为:立体种植模式马铃薯商品薯667m2产量达615.9kg,玉米产量达614.6kg,四季豆产量达1577.0kg,白萝卜产量达2755.0kg,667m2总产值达4149.4元,净产值达3044.9元,比传统种植模式的净产值增加509.7%。     

云南省马铃薯不同种植模式的产量及效益分析

云南马铃薯种植有明显的多样性,种植季节和模式几乎涵盖了中国从海南省到黑龙江省的所有类型,2 400 m以上的高海拔地区马铃薯以春播一季净作为主,是低海拔地区的种薯供给地,效益明显好于青稞、荞麦等作物;1 400~2 400 m的中海拔地区,有春作、秋作和早春作,不同季节又有净作和间套作;净作中产值比烤烟略低,但明显高于水稻、玉米等作物;马铃薯与其它作物间作套种是该区域主要的栽培模式,可以大大提高土地、温光水肥的利用效率,增强抗灾能力。1 400 m以下地区,马铃薯以一季冬作为主,主要是水稻-冬马铃薯的水旱轮作模式和甘蔗/马铃薯套作模式,夏季种植水稻解决粮食,冬季种植马铃薯增加收入,使冬马铃薯成为该类地区农民重要的经济来源。东南亚国家有大量的冬闲田,水稻-冬马铃薯的水旱轮作模式在东盟这些国家具有重要的推广价值。     

豫西南马铃薯、玉米、白菜一年三熟栽培技术

中国马铃薯种植面积逾450多万hm2,产量6 680多万t,居世界第二位。在豫西南,随着农业结构调整的深入,高效种植模式也在不断的发生变化。马铃薯是近几年发展起来的又一经济作物,市场潜力大,经济效益较高。唐河县南马庄村一些农民根据多年的实践,探索出了地膜马铃薯套种玉米秋栽大白菜的一年三种三收的模式。     

麦棉连作正交法试验初报

我们公社是本县的主要产棉区,历来采用棉花与夏粮套种的方式。这种种植方式的问题是:夏收作物要预留棉行,土地利用率低,夏粮单产提不高;春季套种棉花前不能全面翻耕土地;棉花在前作行间播种、管理,比较费工,特别是随着农业生产的发展,不能适应农业机械化生产的要求;加之棉苗因受前作长期荫蔽,生育比较缓慢,影响棉花壮苗早发和早熟丰产。为了贯彻“以粮为纲,全面发展”的方针,摸索改粮棉套种为粮棉连作,以提高粮棉产量,为建设社会主义多作贡献,我站在朝阳大队第七生产队进行了一次麦棉连作正交法试验。试验地面积1.13亩,前作是早熟三号大麦,于一九七五年十一月十二日撒播,     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

用蛭石做马铃薯快繁培养基支持体的初步研究

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2　方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1…     

Matlab在玉米子粒灌浆特性分析中的应用

利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。     

5个马铃薯品种组培幼苗的磷效率差异研究

试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。     

植物耐盐性研究进展

盐胁迫损害植物质膜的正常功能,造成植物气孔关闭,光合降低,耗能增加,养分离子吸收不平衡.目前已从许多植物中分离了一些盐胁迫诱导的基因及基因上游序列,但对植物耐盐分子机理尚未完全阐明,主要有渗透调节、拒盐机理、盐的区隔化、钾离子运输调控系统、水通道蛋白和光合途径改变等几种假说,有些耐盐基因已被成功转入植物中.研究表明,添加一些外源物质能提高植物的耐盐性。     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.