Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Seven Chinese Indigenous Chicken Populations in Guizhou Province

To investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of indigenous chicken breeds in Guizhou, a total of 150 individual samples were collected from 12 breeds, including seven local chicken breeds in Guizhou Province, three Chinese native breeds found in other provinces, and two commercial breeds. The genotype datasets were obtained using a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism array method, and then a series of population analyses were performed. The obtained population parameters and linkage disequilibrium decay indicated a higher degree of genetic diversity in Guizhou chickens than in commercial breeds. Two Guizhou local breeds, Wumeng black-bone and Weining, were clustered with a breed from a neighboring province, Xinwen black-bone, which exhibited similar ancestral composition patterns. A newly found breed, Wumeng crested, had high genetic diversity and displayed genetic differences from other Guizhou breeds. These findings provide insight into the establishment of efficient conservation and utilization programs for Guizhou chicken breeds.     

药用价值地方鸡种动态保种的研究

通过资源调查摸清我国10个药用价值地方鸡种的保存现状,发现金阳丝毛鸡已经濒临灭绝.其他9个药用价值地方鸡种均处于正常保种状态.通过筛选的27个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了我国9个药用价值地方鸡种的遗传多样性.利用等位基因频率计算了各群体的遗传参数、构建了聚类图,并进行了系统发生分析.根据调查结果及遗传多样性检测数据,分析的9个药用价值地方鸡种保存状态,并提出保护建议.     

基于全基因组SNP标记分析中国地方鸡品种的遗传多样性和种群结构

旨在对中国地方鸡品种的遗传多样性与种群结构进行分析。本研究使用Affymetrix Axiom 600K高密度鸡基因分型芯片对来自8个品种的157只地方鸡及233只商品鸡进行基因分型,以品种作为分组来计算各分组的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、次等位基因频率、近交系数及核苷酸多样性分析地方鸡群体的遗传多样性,利用进化树、主成分分析、群体结构、MDS等方法分析鸡群体的群体结构,基于状态同源(IBS)和群体分化系数(Fst)分析种群内部与种群之间的亲缘关系,利用长纯合片段(runs of homozygosity, ROH)估算得到基于ROH的近交系数。结果表明,各群体的观测杂合度均高于期望杂合度,次等位基因频率在0.175～0.236之间,近交系数在0.018～0.205之间,核苷酸多样性在0～6×10^-4之间,进化树与主成分分析表明品种间出现了明显的群体分化,地方鸡群体与商品鸡群的MDS分析发现我国地方鸡与商业肉鸡品种的遗传距离较近;IBS遗传距离在0.092 9～0.319 9之间;各品种成对Fst分析表明,群体间呈现中高分化程度(0.09～0.22);此次分析共得到了...     

Comparison of Vietnamese and European pig breeds using microsatellites

This study characterized autochthonous pig breeds of Vietnam and compared them with breeds from other regions. A total of 343 animals were considered from 5 indigenous pig breeds of Vietnam (Muong Khuong, Co, Meo, Tap Na, and Mong Cai), 2 exotic breeds kept in Vietnam (Landrace and Yorkshire), 3 European commercial breeds (German Land-race, Piétrain, and Large White), the Chinese breed Meishan, and the European Wild Boar. Each individual was genotyped for 20 selected polymorphic microsatellite loci. The Vietnamese autochthonous breeds showed higher degrees of polymorphism, allelic diversity, and heterozygosity than the other pig breeds. Also, large genetic diversity was observed across the area of distribution, with village-specific subpopulations, which led to significant inbreeding coefficients. As expected, genetic distances showed large differences among European-based, Chinese, and Vietnamese indigenous breeds and reflected the geographical distribution of breeds. In comparison with the European breeds, the Vietnamese indigenous pig breeds harbored a considerable amount of genetic diversity and, therefore, will be of significance for livestock bioconservation.     

应用系统进化方法评估徐海鸡遗传资源

利用简化基因组SNPs数据分析徐海鸡及周边地方鸡种遗传多样性,为徐海鸡的保护和利用提供支持.收集徐海鸡等13个地方鸡种血液样品,提取基因组DNA,应用简化基因组测序技术进行SNP分型,获取群体遗传学参数,并以邻接法、最大似然法、贝叶斯法构建系统进化树.结果显示:徐海鸡基因组SNPs观测杂合度为0.18,期望杂合度为0....     

中国地方鸡种DNA分子水平遗传多样性的研究进展

遗传多样性的研究主要包括形态学水平,染色体水平、蛋白质水平、DNA水平等。中国地方鸡种类繁多,研究地方鸡种的遗传多样性,不仅能加强生物多样性的保护,同时对起源、进化、分类鉴定及遗传育种等都有重要意义。20世纪80年代以来,分子生物学技术的快速发展为遗传多样性检测提供了更直接、更精确的方法,即直接通过分析DNA水平的序列变化检测动物遗传多样性。DNA分析方法成为目前最有效的遗传分析方法,避免了根据表型性推断基因型时可能产生的误差。作者对目前中国各种鸡群的遗传多样性在DNA水平的研究进行了综述,旨在发掘地方鸡种的优良基因,为地方鸡种的分子育种、改良提供参考。     

利用微卫星标记分析江苏三个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

利用30个微卫星DNA标记对3个江苏地方鸡品种进行遗传多样性分析，通过计算等位基因频率、多态信息含量、平均杂合度、有效等位基因数和遗传距离，评估各品种内遗传变异和各品种间遗传相关。结果表明：江苏的3个品种在30个微卫星上共发现196个等位基因，其中96个等位基因为三个品种共有，47个等位基因为各品种所特有；3个地方鸡品种的平均杂合度：狼山鸡为0．655，鹿苑鸡为0．681，溧阳鸡为0．687；狼山鸡与溧阳鸡的遗传距离较小，而两鸡与鹿苑鸡的遗传距离较远。     

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of eight local chicken breeds of Southern Xinjiang

ABSTRACT

1. The genetic diversity and population structure were studied for eight local chicken breeds, including Anjiyan (AN), Hetian Black (HH), Hetian Ma (HM), Aheqi (AH), Baicheng You (BC), Hejing (HJ), Tashkurghan (TS) and Ruoqiang (RQ), in the Southern Xinjiang region of China, using 20 microsatellite markers.

2. Total 336 alleles were obtained from all chicken breeds, with a mean of 16.8 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.444 to 0.911, with a mean of 0.729 and almost all of the loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg standards. The observed and expected heterozygosity of the eight breeds ranged from 0.5 to 0.677 and from 0.656 to 0.774, with the lowest observed in the AN and the highest in BC breed. The average breed genetic diversity was 0.655 for AN and 0.766 for BC chickens.

3. According to the neighbour-joining (NJ) method, three main clusters were identified in the NJ phylogenetic tree with AN and RQ breeds in one clade, HH and HM breeds in the second clade and TS, HJ, AH and BC breeds in the third clade.

4. Based on STRUCTURE analysis, the most likely cluster number of all breeds was K = 4, whereby HH and HM breeds formed one cluster and AH, BC, HJ and TS formed another, and RQ, AN chicken formed their own distinct cluster. These results indicated that HH and HM breeds had similar genetic background, as did the breeds of AH, BC, HJ and TS. RQ, AN breed had unique genetic backgrounds, distinct from the other breeds. Genetic introgression was detected from AN to HH and HM.

5. The results of the current study can be used as baseline genetic information to implement effective conservation programs and to make better use of these local chicken breeds, especially for the AN, RQ and TS breeds.     

应用微卫星标记对12个中国地方乌骨鸡品种遗传多样性的研究

利用27个微卫星DNA标记对12个地方乌骨鸡品种进行遗传多样性分析，通过计算等位基因频率、多态信息含量、杂合度、有效等位基因数和遗传距离，评估各品种内遗传变异和各品种间遗传相关，并根据遗传距离对12个鸡品种进行了聚类分析。结果表明，各乌骨鸡群体的遗传多样性较为丰富，并具有较高的选择潜力。平均杂合度最高的是竹乡鸡，为0．670；最低的是江山乌骨鸡，为0．581。27个微卫星标记中4个为中度多态座位，1个低度多态座位，22个为高度多态座位；LEI0234与LEI0192分别检测到了10．3与12．2个等位基因。以标准遗传距离为准，遗传距离最近的为沐川乌骨鸡与略阳鸡，为0．1002，而乌蒙乌骨鸡与略阳鸡最远，为0．2546。通过UPG—MA法聚类后，略阳鸡、沐川乌骨鸡、兴文乌骨鸡、盐津乌骨鸡、竹乡鸡首先聚为1类，江山乌骨鸡、郧阳白羽乌鸡、余干乌骨鸡聚为1类；金湖乌凤鸡、丝绒乌骨鸡和丝毛乌骨鸡聚为第3类；乌蒙乌骨鸡独为一类。     

Genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop sequences in four native Chinese chicken breeds

1. To explore the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, a 585 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region was sequenced in 102 birds from the Xichuan black-bone chicken, Yunyang black-bone chicken and Lushi chicken. In addition, 30 mtDNA D-loop sequences of Silkie fowls were downloaded from NCBI. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of 4 chicken breeds were analysed in this study.

2. The results showed that a total of 33 mutation sites and 28 haplotypes were detected in the 4 chicken breeds. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of these 4 native breeds were 0.916 ± 0.014 and 0.012 ± 0.002, respectively. Three clusters were formed in 4 Chinese native chickens and 12 reference breeds. Both the Xichuan black-bone chicken and Yunyang black-bone chicken were grouped into one cluster. Four haplogroups (A, B, C and E) emerged in the median-joining network in these breeds.

3. It was concluded that these 4 Chinese chicken breeds had high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree and median network profiles showed that Chinese native chickens and its neighbouring countries had at least two maternal origins, one from Yunnan, China and another from Southeast Asia or its surrounding area.     

利用微卫星标记对地方鸡种群体遗传结构的聚类分析

利用29个微卫星标记,通过计算亚群体杂合度（Hs）、总群体杂合度（Ht）、遗传分化系数（Gst）和基因流（Nm）,并基于Reynolds遗传距离、Nei遗传距离运用NJ和UPGMA聚类法构建4类聚类图,比较分析国家地方禽种遗传资源基因库保存的7个地方鸡品种（仙居鸡、鹿苑鸡、固始鸡、大骨鸡、河南斗鸡、狼山鸡、萧山鸡）间的遗传分化和亲缘关系。结果表明,7个地方鸡种29个微卫星座位的总群体杂合度、亚群体杂合度的平均值为0.642,0.551;平均遗传分化系数为0.142。7个地方鸡品种间,萧山鸡与鹿苑鸡的基因流动最大,为5.832 7;狼山鸡与固始鸡的基因流动最小,为0.805 3;基于Reyonalds遗传距离运用NJ聚类法获得的7个鸡种间的亲缘关系聚类图较为准确地反映了7个地方鸡种间的遗传分化和亲缘关系。     

基于全基因组SNP分析8个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

为揭示江西及周边地区地方鸡的遗传多样性信息,本研究采集了江西省5个地方鸡品种,广东省、浙江省以及江苏省各1个地方鸡品种共125个血样,利用全基因组SNP芯片分析地方鸡品种的群体结构、网络关系及系统进化情况.结果 表明,8个地方鸡品种45647个位点的多态信息含量大多为0.25＜PIC＜0.5,属于中度多态,表明这8个地...     

安徽省3个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性分析

运用微卫星标记对淮南麻黄鸡、皖南三黄鸡和五华鸡3个地方品种遗传多样性进行了分析。在5个座位中,共检测到23个等位基因数,平均有效等位基因数为1.5396,杂合度为0.2920,多态信息含量为0.4156。3个地方品种中,淮南麻黄鸡遗传多样性最低,五华鸡遗传多样性最高。根据5个微卫星座位等位基因频率计算群体遗传一致度和标准遗传距离并构建系统发生树,五华鸡与皖南三黄鸡遗传关系最近,皖南三黄鸡与淮南麻黄鸡最远。研究结果与这些地方品种的地理分布、育成历史相一致,同时也佐证了微卫星标记是研究鸡群体遗传关系的一个有用工具。     

Evaluation of genetic richness among Vietnamese native pig breeds using microsatellite markers

We have elucidated genetic relationships of Vietnamese native pigs (VNP) using preliminarily collected samples by a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. In order to confirm our previous results and compare with the results of a previous study using microsatellite (MS) markers, we aimed to characterize genetic diversity and population structure in wider varieties (24 breeds from 21 Provinces) of VNP across the country using 20 polymorphic MS markers recommended by ISAG/FAO (International Society for Animal Genetics/Food and Agriculture Organization) for diversity study. In this study, we collected 1,136 DNA samples of the VNPs and three exotic breeds. Our results revealed that the average number of alleles and allelic richness across the loci in VNPs were 10.0 and 7.6, which were higher than those of exotic breeds. Genomic components among VNPs were subjected to the sampling locations. Interestingly, Co Binh Thuan showed remarkable genetic feature compared to the other VNPs, because the habitation of Co Binh Thuan was relatively far from the other breeds. The results of this study provided useful information for exploitation, conservation, and development trends of the VNP breeds. More recently, African swine fever caused significant damage to most of the VNP populations. Therefore, our findings will help a reconstruction scheme of the VNP genetic resources.     

利用微卫星标记分析贵州5个地方鸡品种遗传多样性

通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了贵州省5个地方鸡品种:竹乡鸡、威宁鸡、黔东南小香鸡、高脚鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡的遗传多样性。计算了各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:在5个品种中,杂合度最低的是高脚鸡,为0.501,杂合度最高的是竹乡鸡,为0.673,因此贵州各地方鸡品种的杂合度相差较大,据分析可能是由于交通闭塞,形成了家禽品种的多种多型,而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性;用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个鸡品种被聚为3类:竹乡鸡、黔东南小香鸡和威宁鸡聚为一类,乌蒙乌骨鸡自聚为一类;高脚鸡独自聚为一类。这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。     

2020年地方鸡种遗传资源研究动态

掌握地方鸡种遗传资源起源与驯化、开展遗传多样性和群体结构研究、解析各资源优势特色遗传性状,是进行地方鸡种有效保护和新品种培育的关键.文章通过查阅NCBI、Highwire等数据库,搜集了2020年全球地方鸡种遗传资源研究相关文章100余篇,从鸡的起源与进化、遗传多样性研究、优势特色性状研究与分子标记筛选等对该领域相关研...     

12个中国地方鸡种群体遗传结构及遗传多样性分析

利用29对微卫星引物对我国的12个地方鸡种进行群体遗传结构及遗传多样性评估，结果表明：每个座位的等位基因数从2到23不等，所有的12个群体均显示较高水平的杂合度，固始鸡最低，为0．4532，大骨鸡最高，为0．6271。鸡种间存在较大的遗传分化，16．7％的遗传变异源于品种间的差异。基于Reynolds’遗传距离的邻近（NJ）聚类图显示，12个群体可以分为2个主要的类群：重体型的鸡种首先聚在一起，然后轻体型鸡种加入。structure程序同时也被用于评价鸡种间的遗传关系，结果与NJ聚类法相似，重体型的鸡种首先与轻体型鸡种分成两类。     

基于RAD-Seq技术的大围山微型鸡遗传进化分析

【目的】 在分子水平上探讨大围山微型鸡的遗传进化。【方法】 以大围山微型鸡与其他18个地方鸡品种及2个国外引进品种为研究对象,每个品种选取公鸡10只,母鸡20只,采血,提取全基因组DNA,进行简化基因组测序(RAD-Seq),鉴定21个品种基因组SNP,计算大围山微型鸡遗传统计量,分析遗传多样性和遗传结构、筛选受选择基因并进行功能富集分析。【结果】 在大围山微型鸡群体中鉴定出331 892个SNPs。大围山微型鸡的平均杂合度(Ho)为0.219、核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.245,近交系数(Fis)为0.107,与其他18个地方鸡种相比遗传多样性呈中度多态。聚类分析发现,大围山微型鸡与瓢鸡、茶花鸡和藏鸡聚为一类,亲缘关系较近,且与瓢鸡的群体分化指数(Fst)最低(0.0929),亲缘关系最近,与河南斗鸡的Fst最高(0.2179),亲缘关系最远。共筛选出200个受选择基因。GO分析结果显示,这些受选择基因主要富集在运动、刺激应答、信号传导等生物学过程;KEGG分析结果表明,这些受选择基因主要富集在代谢、肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调节、MAPK等信号通路。【结论】 大围山微型鸡遗传多样性呈中度多态,与瓢鸡亲缘关系最近,本研究筛选出了200个受到选择的基因,这些基因在代谢、信号传导、颅骨发育等多个方面发挥作用。     

利用微卫星标记分析贵州地方鸡种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系

利用7个微卫星标记对12个贵州地方鸡种及1个引入鸡种的遗传多样性进行了检测，分析了各标记座位上的等位基因及频率、基因杂合度、平均基因杂合度、多态信息含量、平均多态信息含量及群体间的亲缘关系。结果表明：13个种群在7个标记座位上的等位基因及频率等均存在一定差异。其中，瑶山鸡的平均基因杂合度最高，引入鸡种隐性白洛克的平均基因杂合度最低，其余鸡种介于其间。平均多态信息含量的分析结果与此类似，说明瑶山鸡的遗传多样性最为丰富。模糊聚类的结果表明，13个鸡种分为2大类群，隐性白洛克独自为1个类群，12个贵州地方鸡种构成1个类群。12个贵州地方鸡种又可进一步分为2个小类群：其中1个小类群由兴义土鸡、矮脚鸡首先聚在一起，然后依次聚上黔东南小香鸡、黔东南小香乌骨鸡构成；高脚鸡、瑶山鸡、威宁鸡、竹乡鸡、竹乡乌骨鸡、黑羽乌蒙乌骨鸡、乌蒙鸡、麻羽乌蒙乌骨鸡则构成另一个小类群。     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Three Newly Discovered Native Chicken Breeds in Yunnan Using mtDNA D-loop Region Sequences

This study was aimed to evaluate the information of their genetic background of Frizzle chicken (FM),Naked-neck chicken (CB) and YN chicken (YN) that were three newly discovered native chicken genetic resources with excellent characteristics,which had been found in Nujiang prefecture and mountainous area of Yunnan province.The variation in a total of 168 individuals sampled from the three chicken populations was assessed using the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region sequences as genetic marker.The results showed that there were a total of 27 haplotypes were defined in the three native chicken as well as the haplotype diversity of these three chicken were 0.947,0.938 and 0.596,respectively.The nucleotide diversity of these three chicken were 0.01268,0.01434 and 0.00239,respectively.Phylogenetic tree displayed that all 168 individuals distributed in maternal lineage A,B,C,E,F and G.Frizzle chicken contained lineages E,F and G,and Naked-neck chicken contained all 6 lineages,of which the main lineages were E,F and G.YN chicken included lineages E,F and G,and lineage E was the highest percentage in this population.Also,it found that YN chicken was closely related to Gallus gallus murghi,White Plymouth Rock chicken,White Leghorn chicken and New Hampshires chicken,while Naked-neck chicken was closely related to Gallus gallus spadiceus,Gallus gallus jabouillei,Gallus gallus gallus Linnaeus,Indonesian cockfight and Laos chicken.The Frizzle chickens shared more haplotypes with Naked-neck chicken,and the evolutionary relationship between the two species was closer.This study provided a basis for the origin and genetic assessment of three newly discovered Yunnan local chicken breeds.