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1.
M.A. McMichael M. O'Brien S.A. Smith 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):499-504
Background
Blastomycosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease that most commonly affects humans and dogs. The organism causes systemic inflammation and has a predilection for the lungs. The inflammation might lead to a hypercoagulable state with microemboli in the pulmonary circulation which could contribute to inadequate oxygen exchange in infected dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
Dogs with blastomycosis will be hypercoagulable compared with healthy case‐matched controls.Animals
Client‐owned dogs with a diagnosis of blastomycosis (n = 23) and healthy case‐matched controls (n = 23).Methods
Prospective case‐controlled study of client‐owned dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with clinical signs compatible with blastomycosis. Complete blood counts, fibrinogen, PT, aPTT, thromboelastometry (TE), thrombin antithrombin complexes (TAT), and thrombin generation were evaluated.Results
Cases had a leukocytosis compared with controls [mean (SD) 16.6 (7.6) × 103/μL versus 8.2 (1.8) × 103/μL, P < .001], hyperfibrinogenemia [median 784 mg/dL, range 329–1,443 versus median 178 mg/dL, range 82–257, P < .001], and increased TAT concentrations [mean (SD) 9.0 (5.7) μg/L versus 2.0 (2.8) μg/L, P < .001]. As compared to controls, cases were also hypercoagulable as evaluated by thromboelastometry and had increased in vitro thrombin generation on calibrated automated thrombography.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Hypercoagulability occurs in dogs with systemic blastomycosis. Additional studies are needed to explore a possible contribution of thrombogenicity to the clinical manifestations of systemic blastomycosis. 相似文献2.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Changes Observed After Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
L. Hamabe S. Kim R. Yoshiyuki T. Fukayama T.M. Nakata R. Fukushima R. Tanaka 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):126-131
Background
Closure of PDA can be associated with echocardiographic changes including deterioration of LV systolic function. Although PDA is commonly encountered in dogs, few comprehensive reports of echocardiographic changes in dogs with PDA closure are available.Objectives
To evaluate the short‐term echocardiographic changes observed after PDA closure in dogs using strain analysis.Animals
Seventeen client‐owned dogs with left‐to‐right PDA.Methods
Echocardiographic evaluations, including standard echocardiography and two‐dimensional tissue tracking (2DTT), were performed before and within 3 days of PDA closure.Results
Preclosure examination showed LV and left atrial dilatation indicating volume overload as a result of PDA. Closure of PDA resulted in significant reduction of LVIDd (<.0001) and LA/Ao (0.01) without change in LVIDs, suggestive of decreased preload. Postclosure LV systolic dysfunction was observed with significant decreased in FS (<.0001) and strain values (P = .0039 for radial strains, P = .0005 for circumferential strains). Additionally, significant LV dyssynchrony (P = .0162) was observed after closure of PDA.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Closure of PDA resulted in decreased preload as a result of alleviation of LV volume overload, which in turn caused transient deterioration of LV systolic function. Additionally, this study demonstrated that strain analysis is load dependent. Therefore, care should be taken when interpreting strain measurements as an indicator of LV systolic function. 相似文献3.
K. Wallisch L.A. Trepanier 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):513-518
Background
The use of azathioprine (AZA) in dogs is limited by the development of hepatotoxicosis and cytopenias.Hypothesis and Objectives
To characterize the observed incidence, timing, and risk factors for AZA hepatotoxicosis in dogs treated clinically, and to determine the relationship between the development of hepatotoxicosis and cytopenias.Animals
Fifty‐two dogs treated with AZA with clinical and biochemical follow‐up, with a subset of 34 dogs available for determination of changes in liver enzyme activities in serum.Methods
Retrospective medical record review, from January 2009 through December 2013.Results
Hepatotoxicosis (as defined by a >2‐fold increase in serum ALT) was observed in 5 of 34 dogs (15%) within a median onset of 14 days (range, 13–22 days). Dogs had a median 9‐fold increase in ALT and 8‐fold increase in ALP, which stabilized or resolved with drug discontinuation or dose reduction. German shepherds were significantly over‐represented (3 of 5 dogs with hepatotoxicosis; P = .0017). Thrombocytopenia or neutropenia were seen in 4 of 48 dogs with CBC follow‐up (8% of dogs), but occurred significantly later in treatment (median onset, 53 days; range 45–196 days) compared to hepatotoxicosis (P = .016).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These results support the routine monitoring of liver enzymes during the first 1–4 weeks of AZA treatment in dogs, with continued monitoring of the CBC. Additional studies are warranted to characterize the apparently higher risk of AZA hepatotoxicosis in German shepherds. 相似文献4.
Y. Ueda K. Hopper S.E. Epstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):801-807
Background
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in human patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and death. The incidence and importance of hyponatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hyponatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.Animals
Of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hyponatremia and its associated fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L below the reference range) or severe hyponatremia (≥16 mmol/L below the reference range) were further reviewed.Results
Of 4,254 dogs (25.5%) and 2,081 cats (49.4%) were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hyponatremia were 13.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 4.4% and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of hyponatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < 0.0001). Hyponatremia was associated with a lower case fatality rate than hypernatremia in the same population. Among the animals with moderate or severe hyponatremia, 92.1% of dogs and 90.6% of cats presented with community‐acquired hyponatremia, and 7.9% of dogs and 9.4% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hyponatremia.Conclusions and clinical importance
Hyponatremia was found commonly in this population and was associated with increased case fatality rate. Presence and severity of hyponatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator. 相似文献5.
Y. Ueda K. Hopper S.E. Epstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):794-800
Background
Hypernatremia has been associated with substantial morbidity and death in human patients. The incidence and importance of hypernatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hypernatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.Animals
A total of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hypernatremia and its associated case fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L above the reference range) or severe hypernatremia (≥16 mmol/L above the reference range) were further reviewed.Results
A total of 957 dogs (5.7%) and 338 cats (8.0%) were diagnosed with hypernatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hypernatremia was 20.6 and 28.1%, respectively compared to 4.4 and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < .0001). The magnitude of hypernatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < .0001). Hypernatremia was associated with a higher case fatality rate than hyponatremia. Among the animals with moderate or severe hypernatremia, 50% of dogs and 38.5% of cats presented with community‐acquired hypernatremia, and 50% of dogs and 61.5% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hypernatremia.Conclusions and clinical importance
Hypernatremia was found infrequently in this population but was associated with increased case fatality rates in dogs and cats. Presence and severity of hypernatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator. 相似文献6.
D.M. Brewer S. Cerda‐Gonzalez C.W. Dewey D. Boothe K. Van Horne 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):603-606
Background
Few medications are available for parental administration to animals with seizures. Rectal administration of medications is often used if the animal cannot be administered oral medications.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine the pharmacokinetic differences in zonisamide when administered rectally in either of 2 vehicles and PO to dogs.Animals
Eight healthy research dogs.Methods
Randomized cross‐over design. Zonisamide, 10 mg/kg, was administered rectally in polyethylene glycol (PEG‐R), rectally in water (H2O‐R), and as an oral capsule. Plasma zonisamide concentrations were measured until 72 hours after administration. Zonisamide was quantitated by HPLC and plasma concentration versus time curve data was analyzed by using noncompartmental modeling.Results
Mean maximum plasma zonisamide concentrations (μg/mL) were significantly higher after oral administration (11.56 ± 4.04) compared to H2O‐R (5.00 ± 1.83) (P = .004). Disappearance half‐life (hours) and mean time to maximum concentration (hours) were not significantly different between methods of administration. Mean relative bioavailability of PEG‐R (85 ± 69%) was significantly higher than that of H2O‐R (53 ± 37%) (P = .039). Dogs tolerated all dosing forms with no evidence of adverse effects.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The vehicle in which zonisamide is dissolved influences rectal bioavailability, with PEG preferred to H2O‐R. Because of the prolonged time to maximum concentration, rectal administration of zonisamide should not be used to treat status epilepticus in dogs. A dose higher than what was used in this study might be necessary, if currently recommended minimum therapeutic concentrations (10 μg/mL) are to be achieved with a single‐dose administration. 相似文献7.
Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Using Reticulocyte Indices in Dogs Enrolled in a Blood Donor Program 下载免费PDF全文
D.S. Foy K.R. Friedrichs J.F. Bach 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1376-1380
Background
People donating blood more than twice annually are at risk of developing iron deficiency. Little is known about the iron status of dogs enrolled in blood donor programs.Hypothesis
Dogs donating blood ≥6 times annually will show evidence of iron deficiency based on their reticulocyte indices.Animals
Thirteen dogs enrolled in a blood donor program donating ≥6 times over the preceding 12 months and 20 healthy nondonor control dogs.Methods
Prospective observational study. Mature red blood cell (RBC) indices, reticulocyte indices, serum iron, serum ferritin, and total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC) were compared between groups.Results
Packed cell volume (median 47%, range 40–52%, P < .01), hematocrit (median 46.4%, range 40.3–52.5%, P < .01), and reticulocyte count (median 16,000/μL, range 9,000–38,000/μL, P < .01) were significantly lower in the blood donor dogs. No statistically significant differences were noted in the mature RBC indices between groups. Both reticulocyte mean corpuscular volume (median 88.8 fL, range 83.4–95.5 fL, P = .03) and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (median 24.6 pg, range 23.1–26.6 pg, P < .01) were significantly lower in the blood donor group. Serum iron and ferritin were similar between groups; however, TIBC was significantly higher in the control group (median 403 μg/dL, range 225–493 μg/dL, P = .02).Conclusions
The findings in dogs donating ≥6 times annually suggest the presence of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis in this population. 相似文献8.
Cortisol Concentrations in Well‐Regulated Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane 下载免费PDF全文
J.N. Midence K.J. Drobatz R.S. Hess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1529-1533
Background
There are no clear treatment guidelines for dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism in which serum cortisol concentrations before and after an ACTH stimulation test performed 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are < 2.0 μg/dL.Objective
To determine if serum cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre1) and after (Post1) ACTH stimulation at 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are significantly lower than cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre2) and after (Post2) ACTH stimulation 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, in a specific population of dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 <2 μg/dL.Animals
Thirteen client‐owned dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 serum cortisol concentrations <2.0 μg/dL 3–6 hours after trilostane administration.Methods
Prospective study. Dogs had a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, on the same day of the first ACTH stimulation test. Cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were compared using a paired t‐test.Results
Cortisol concentrations before (1.4 ± 0.3 μg/dL) and after the first stimulation (1.5 ± 0.3 μg/dL, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than cortisol concentration before the second stimulation (3.3 ± 1.6 μg/dL, P = .0012 each). Cortisol concentration before the first stimulation was also significantly lower than cortisol concentration after the second stimulation (5.3 ± 2.4 μg/dL, P = .0001).Conclusions and clinical importance
In dogs with clinically well‐regulated, trilostane‐treated, hyperadrenocorticism, and cortisol concentrations <2 μg/dL before and after the first stimulation, a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after treatment can result in higher cortisol concentrations that could support continued trilostane treatment. 相似文献9.
Quantitative Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonographic Assessment of Naturally Occurring Pancreatitis in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
S.Y. Lim K. Nakamura K. Morishita N. Sasaki M. Murakami T. Osuga N. Yokoyama H. Ohta M. Yamasaki M. Takiguchi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):71-78
Background
Quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in experimentally induced canine pancreatitis. However, its usefulness in detecting perfusion changes in naturally occurring pancreatitis is unclear.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine the feasibility of using CEUS to detect pancreatic and duodenal perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis.Animals
Twenty‐three client‐owned dogs with pancreatitis, 12 healthy control dogs.Methods
Dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis were prospectively included. CEUS of the pancreas and duodenum were performed. Time‐intensity curves were created from regions of interest in the pancreas and duodenum. Five perfusion parameters were obtained for statistical analyses: time to initial up‐slope, peak time (Tp), time to wash‐out (TTW), peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC).Results
For the pancreas, Tp of the pancreatitis group was prolonged when compared to controls (62 ± 11 seconds versus 39 ± 13 seconds; P < .001). TTW also was prolonged but not significantly (268 ± 69 seconds versus 228 ± 47 seconds; P = .47). PI and AUC were increased when compared to controls (95 ± 15 versus 78 ± 13 MPV; P = .009 and 14,900 ± 3,400 versus 11,000 ± 2,800 MPV*s; P = .013, respectively). For the duodenum, PI and AUC were significantly increased in the pancreatitis group when compared to controls.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis characterized by delayed peak with prolonged hyperechoic enhancement of the pancreas on CEUS. Additionally, duodenal perfusion changes secondary to pancreatitis were observed. 相似文献10.
Plasma Vitamin D Metabolites and C‐Reactive Protein in Stage‐Stop Racing Endurance Sled Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
J.W. Spoo R.L. Downey C. Griffitts R.J. Horst C.B. Levine R.M. Childs J.J. Wakshlag 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):519-525
Background
Dogs are a unique model for examining the effects of exercise on vitamin D status because of their lack of vitamin D synthesis by UV exposure. In addition, the inflammatory response may be associated with hypovitaminosis D.Objectives
To investigate the effects of several days of endurance exercise on plasma vitamin D (25‐(OH)D3, 24,25‐(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)D3) and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in stage‐stop racing sled dogs.Animals
12 racing sled dogs and 8 control dogs.Methods
Blood was collected before the race and immediately after racing on days 2 and 8. Plasma vitamin D metabolites and serum CRP concentrations were measured.Results
Racing dogs showed a significant increase in 25(OH)D3 on day 2 (P = .027) and day 8 of the race (P < .001), whereas no increases were observed in control dogs. The plasma concentration of 24,25(OH)D3 showed a significant increase by day 8 (P < .001). There were no significant changes in 1,25(OH) D3 concentrations across all time points and groups. Racing dogs had significantly increased CRP concentrations by day 2 (39.3 ± 30.1 μg/mL; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Increases in vitamin D metabolites as well as increases in CRP concentrations were observed in racing sled dogs. This finding was contrary to the hypothesis that decreases in vitamin D status in athletes may be related to the acute phase inflammatory response during exercise. In addition, the increased 24,25(OH)D3 concentrations compared to what is observed in other species suggests metabolic variations in dogs that lead to enhanced disposal of vitamin D. 相似文献11.
H. Titmarsh A.G. Gow S. Kilpatrick J. Sinclair T. Hill E. Milne A. Philbey J. Berry I. Handel R.J. Mellanby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1473-1478
Background
Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.Objectives
To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE.Animals
Forty‐one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013.Methods
Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non‐CE‐related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non‐survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE.Results
Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6–17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63–39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02–1.18)]).Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study. 相似文献12.
Comparison between Urine Protein: Creatinine Ratios of Samples Obtained from Dogs in Home and Hospital Settings 下载免费PDF全文
M.E. Duffy A. Specht R.C. Hill 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1029-1035
Background
The urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) is used to quantify urine protein excretion and guide recommendations for monitoring and treatment of proteinuria.Hypothesis/Objectives
Home urine samples will have lower UPCs than hospital samples. The objectives were to compare UPCs of samples collected in each setting and to determine whether environment of sample collection might affect staging, monitoring or treatment recommendations.Animals
Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs.Methods
Prospective, nonmasked study. Clients collected a urine sample from their dog at home and a second sample was collected at the hospital. Dogs receiving corticosteroids or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors were excluded, as were those with urine samples of inadequate volume, no protein on dipstick analysis, or active urine sediment. Samples were refrigerated after collection, dipstick and sediment evaluations were completed and each sample was frozen at −80°C within 12 hours. UPCs were performed on frozen samples within 2 months.Results
From 81 paired samples, 57 were excluded. Of the remaining 24, 12/24 (50%) had higher hospital sample UPCs, 9/24 (38%) had identical UPCs, and 3/24 (12%) had lower hospital UPCs. The UPCs of hospital samples were higher than home samples for the total population (P = .005) and the subset with UPC > 0.5 (P = .001).Conclusions
Setting and related circumstances of urine collection in dogs is associated with UPC differences; results are usually higher in hospital than in home samples. This difference has the potential to affect clinical interpretation. 相似文献13.
C. Wong S.E. Epstein J.L. Westropp 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1045-1052
Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in dogs. The responsible bacterial populations have evolved with increasing resistance to many antimicrobials.Objective
To characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of canine urinary tract isolates over a 51‐month period.Animals
One thousand six hundred and thirty‐six bacterial isolates from 1,028 dogs.Methods
Aerobic bacterial isolate growth and susceptibility data from urine cultures of dogs were identified, retrospectively. Medical records were reviewed to obtain signalment, comorbidities, and antimicrobial use in the previous 30 days. The UTIs were further categorized as uncomplicated, complicated, or pyelonephritis.Results
Common bacterial isolates identified were Escherichia coli (52.5%), Staphylococcus spp. (13.6%), and Enterococcus spp. (13.3%). In vitro susceptibility among all isolates varied for commonly prescribed antimicrobials (amoxicillin [59%], amoxicillin/clavulanic acid [76%], cephalexin [66%], enrofloxacin [74%] and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole [86%]). For all antimicrobials tested (except aminoglycosides), in vitro susceptibility was higher in uncomplicated versus complicated infections (P < .05). Uncomplicated infection isolate susceptibility rates remained ≤90% for PO administered antimicrobials. Administration of amoxicillin, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin, but not amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the previous 30 days was associated with resistance to that antimicrobial. Multidrug resistant isolates of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. were more common in dogs with complicated than uncomplicated UTIs (36% versus 21%, P < .0001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In vitro susceptibility was highly variable and no PO administered antimicrobial had >90% efficacy among isolates tested. Multidrug resistance was frequent among isolates tested suggesting that routine culture and susceptibility testing is indicated. Previously prescribed antimicrobials may affect empirical choices made pending susceptibility testing. 相似文献14.
Association of Obesity with Serum Leptin,Adiponectin, and Serotonin and Gut Microflora in Beagle Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
H.‐J. Park S.‐E. Lee H.‐B. Kim R.E. Isaacson K.‐W. Seo K.‐H. Song 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):43-50
Background
Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) is involved in hypothalamic regulation of energy consumption. Also, the gut microbiome can influence neuronal signaling to the brain through vagal afferent neurons. Therefore, serotonin concentrations in the central nervous system and the composition of the microbiota can be related to obesity.Objective
To examine adipokine, and, serotonin concentrations, and the gut microbiota in lean dogs and dogs with experimentally induced obesity.Animals
Fourteen healthy Beagle dogs were used in this study.Methods
Seven Beagle dogs in the obese group were fed commercial food ad libitum, over a period of 6 months to increase their weight and seven Beagle dogs in lean group were fed a restricted amount of the same diet to maintain optimal body condition over a period of 6 months. Peripheral leptin, adiponectin, 5HT, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐5HT) levels were measured by ELISA. Fecal samples were collected in lean and obese groups 6 months after obesity was induced. Targeted pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using a Genome Sequencer FLX plus system.Results
Leptin concentrations were higher in the obese group (1.98 ± 1.00) compared to those of the lean group (1.12 ± 0.07, P = .025). Adiponectin and 5‐hydroytryptamine of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF‐5HT) concentrations were higher in the lean group (27.1 ± 7.28) than in the obese group (14.4 ± 5.40, P = .018). Analysis of the microbiome revealed that the diversity of the microbial community was lower in the obese group. Microbes from the phylum Firmicutes (85%) were predominant group in the gut microbiota of lean dogs. However, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria (76%) were the predominant group in the gut microbiota of dogs in the obese group.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Decreased 5HT levels in obese group might increase the risk of obesity because of increased appetite. Microflora enriched with gram‐negative might be related with chronic inflammation status in obese dogs. 相似文献15.
Early Tumor Response to Intraarterial or Intravenous Administration of Carboplatin to Treat Naturally Occurring Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
W.T.N. Culp C. Weisse A.C. Berent J.A. Reetz E.L. Krick D.E. Jackson P.H. Kass C.A. Clifford K.U. Sorenmo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):900-907
Background
Survival times and tumor responses associated with malignant neoplasia of the lower urinary tract are poor despite the vast array of current treatments. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative treatments, such as intraarterial administration of chemotherapy (IAC) should be considered.Objective
To describe a technique for superselective catheterization for IAC and to evaluate initial tumor response by ultrasonography after both IAC and intravenous administration of chemotherapy (IVC).Animals
Client‐owned dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (n = 15) or IAC (n = 11).Methods
Retrospective study. An arterial approach via the carotid or femoral artery was utilized to obtain superselective access and administer chemotherapy in the IAC cases. Medical record review was performed, data were recorded, and recorded variables were evaluated statistically.Results
Intraarterial chemotherapy was successfully administered in all cases. There was a significantly greater decrease in longest unidimensional measurement in the IAC group as compared to the IVC group (P = .013). The IAC group was also significantly more likely to have a tumor response as assessed by modified RECIST guidelines (P = .049). Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less likely to develop anemia (P = .001), lethargy (P = .010) and anorexia (P = .024).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of performing IAC for lower urinary tract neoplasia. Further investigation is necessary as the follow‐up time was short and the impact on long‐term outcome and survival was not determined. 相似文献16.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Piroxicam in Combination with Mitoxantrone or Carboplatin for First‐Line Treatment of Urogenital Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
S.D. Allstadt C.O. Rodriguez Jr B. Boostrom R.B. Rebhun K.A. Skorupski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):261-267
Background
Reported response rates of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs to piroxicam in combination with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin are similar; however, it is unknown whether either drug might provide superior duration of response.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine if the progression‐free interval (PFI) of dogs with TCC treated with mitoxantrone and piroxicam was different than that of dogs receiving carboplatin and piroxicam. The hypothesis was that the efficacy of mitoxantrone is no different from carboplatin.Animals
Fifty dogs with TCC without azotemia.Methods
Prospective open‐label phase III randomized study. Either mitoxantrone or carboplatin was administered every 3 weeks concurrently with piroxicam with restaging at 6‐week intervals. Twenty‐four dogs received carboplatin and 26 received mitoxantrone.Results
Response was not different between groups (P = .56). None of the dogs showed complete response. In the mitoxantrone group, there were 2 (8%) partial responses (PR) and 18 (69%) dogs with stable disease (SD). In the carboplatin group, there were 3 PR (13%) and 13 (54%) dogs with SD. The PFI was not significantly different between groups (mitoxantrone = 106 days; carboplatin = 73.5 days; P = .62; hazard ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.47–1.56). Dogs with prostatic involvement experienced a shorter survival (median, 109 days) compared to dogs with urethral, trigonal, or apically located tumors; this difference was significant (median 300, 190, and 645 days, respectively; P = .005).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study did not detect a different in outcome in dogs with TCC treated with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin in combination with piroxicam. 相似文献17.
Cortisol Response in Healthy and Diseased Dogs after Stimulation with a Depot Formulation of Synthetic ACTH 下载免费PDF全文
N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl W.A. Burkhardt N. Hofer‐Inteeworn B. Riond I.T. Rast R. Hofmann‐Lehmann C.E. Reusch F.S. Boretti 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1541-1546
Background
The ACTH stimulation test is used to evaluate the adrenocortical reserve. Recently, the availability of the synthetic ACTH formulation was limited, causing major problems in clinical practice.Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate poststimulation peak cortisol concentrations and the duration of the stimulatory effect of a depot ACTH preparation in dogs.Animals
Twenty‐two healthy dogs, 10 dogs with suspected hypoadrenocorticism (HA) and 15 dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism (HC).Methods
Prospective study. An ACTH stimulation test using a synthetic depot tetracosactide, administered intramuscularly (5 μg/kg or at least 0.1 mL) was performed. Blood samples for determination of cortisol were taken immediately before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours after stimulation.Results
Peak cortisol concentrations were reached after 2–4 hours in all dogs. Cortisol concentrations 1 hour after stimulation were >9 μg/dL in all healthy dogs and >5 μg/dL in all dogs in which HA was excluded. None of the dogs with HA showed a cortisol‐increase above the detection‐limit of the assay. After 6 hours, cortisol concentrations had decreased in the healthy and HC group and were back to baseline after 24 hours.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The depot formulation can be used in place of the short‐acting ACTH to evaluate the adrenocortical reserve. Blood for peak cortisol concentrations should be drawn 3 hours after stimulation in cases in which HC is suspected; in HA‐suspected cases, blood sampling can take place after 1 hour. As the stimulatory effect is gone after 24 hours, interference with other hormonal tests is unlikely after that time. 相似文献18.
Canine Pancreatic‐Specific Lipase Concentrations in Dogs with Heart Failure and Chronic Mitral Valvular Insufficiency 下载免费PDF全文
D. Han R. Choi C. Hyun 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):180-183
Background
Chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI) in dogs is very common and might cause clinical signs of congestion and poor tissue perfusion.Hypothesis
Poor tissue perfusion from CMVI causes pancreatitis in dogs, as indicated by serum pancreatic lipase concentrations.Animals
Sixty‐two client‐owned dogs consisting of 40 dogs with different stages of heart failure from CMVI and 22 age‐matched healthy dogs, based on full cardiac exam and routine laboratory tests.Methods
Prospective, controlled, observational study. Serum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentrations were determined by quantitative cPLI test in healthy and CMVI groups.Results
Serum cPLI concentrations were 54.0 μg/L (IQR: 38.0–78.8 μg/L) in control, 55.0 μg/L (IQR: 38.3–88.8 μg/L) in ISACHC I, 115.0 μg/L (IQR: 45.0–179.0 μg/L) in ISACHC II and 223.0 μg/L (IQR: 119.5–817.5 μg/L) in ISACHC III. Close correlation to serum cPLI concentration was found in the left atrial to aorta (LA/Ao) ratio (r = 0.597; P = .000) and the severity of heart failure (r = 0.530; P = .000).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study found CMVI is associated with pancreatic injury in congestive heart failure caused by CMVI. Therefore, periodic monitoring on cPLI could be useful in monitoring dogs in heart failure. 相似文献19.
Vitamin D Status in Different Stages of Disease Severity in Dogs with Chronic Valvular Heart Disease 下载免费PDF全文
T. Osuga K. Nakamura T. Morita S.Y. Lim K. Nisa N. Yokoyama N. Sasaki K. Morishita H. Ohta M. Takiguchi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1518-1523
Background
In humans with heart disease, vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease progression and a poor prognosis. A recent study showed that serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, the hallmark of vitamin D status, was lower in dogs with heart failure than in normal dogs, and a low concentration was associated with poor outcome in dogs with heart failure.Objectives
To elucidate the vitamin D status of dogs with chronic valvular heart disease (CVHD) at different stages of disease severity.Animals
Forty‐three client‐owned dogs with CVHD.Methods
In this cross‐sectional study, dogs were divided into 3 groups (14 dogs in Stage B1, 17 dogs in Stage B2, and 12 dogs in Stage C/D) according to ACVIM guidelines. Dogs underwent clinical examination including echocardiography. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in each dog.Results
Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in Stage B2 (median, 33.2 nmol/L; range, 4.9–171.7 nmol/L) and C/D (13.1 nmol/L; 4.9–58.1 nmol/L) than in Stage B1 (52.5 nmol/L; 33.5–178.0 nmol/L) and was not significantly different between Stage B2 and Stage C/D. Among clinical variables, there were significant negative correlations between 25(OH)D concentration and both left atrial‐to‐aortic root ratio and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter normalized for body weight.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These results indicate that vitamin D status is associated with the degree of cardiac remodeling, and the serum 25(OH)D concentration begins to decrease before the onset of heart failure in dogs with CVHD. 相似文献20.
L.A. Starkey A.W. Barrett M.J. Beall R. Chandrashekar B. Thatcher P. Tyrrell S.E. Little 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):552-555