论演讲表达的宏观把握

演讲是融情、言、声、义、态于一体的综合艺术。在演讲过程中,要涉及到有声语言、态势语言的交叉表达,生理、心理的表征体现,风度气质的真实展示,情感的控制与运用等。因此进行演讲时,必须宏观把握、全面控制,力求做到立体协调、动静互见、雅趣共济、坦诚相向。     

教师正确的吐字发音方法探析

教师只有掌握正确的吐字发音方法，做到字正腔圆，利用普通话语音圆润悦耳的音色和抑扬顿挫的音调讲课，才能收到以声传情，声情并茂的表达效果，使学生在学习知识抽时，得到语言美的享受。     

基于分形理论的语音端点检测

为提高语音端点检测(VAD)在较低信噪比(<10 dB)下的准确率,提出一种基于短时分形维数的改进算法。结合语音信号的特点,对2种常用的语音信号分形维数计算方法进行了比较和选择,同时采用动态跟随门限值实现语音端点的自适应检测。试验结果表明:对于信噪比6~10 dB的带噪语音,此方法可以实现整段语音的检测,而且具有一定的噪声鲁棒性,系统运行期间能够自适应调整门限值以适应环境噪声的变化,提高了VAD算法的准确率。     

Human voice recognition depends on language ability

The ability to recognize people by their voice is an important social behavior. Individuals differ in how they pronounce words, and listeners may take advantage of language-specific knowledge of speech phonology to facilitate recognizing voices. Impaired phonological processing is characteristic of dyslexia and thought to be a basis for difficulty in learning to read. We tested voice-recognition abilities of dyslexic and control listeners for voices speaking listeners' native language or an unfamiliar language. Individuals with dyslexia exhibited impaired voice-recognition abilities compared with controls only for voices speaking their native language. These results demonstrate the importance of linguistic representations for voice recognition. Humans appear to identify voices by making comparisons between talkers' pronunciations of words and listeners' stored abstract representations of the sounds in those words.     

高噪声环境下基于倒谱距离的语音端点检测算法的实现

为了在高噪声环境下得到较清晰的语音信息,对倒谱距离算法进行了改进,利用语音信号的倒谱向量判断语音端点信息。MATLAB仿真实验结果表明,在白噪声和汽车噪声环境下,信噪比分别为10 dB和15 dB时,得到的语音单字清晰度分别达到93%和95%,实现了90~100 dB高噪声环境下可靠的语音通信。     

Animal behavior. Dolphins whistle a signature tune

Dolphins are remarkably intelligent creatures renowned for their ability to imitate manmade sounds and for producing individual signature whistles that enable them to recognize each other. Now, in his Perspective, Tyack discusses new findings showing that vocal imitation is important for communication among bottlenose dolphins in the wild (Janik). Apparently, bottlenose dolphins, when they are separated in the wild, address each other by matching each other's whistles.     

Neural processing of backwards-speech sounds

When sounds such as those produced by reverse playback of recorded speech are presented to left and right ears of normal subjects, the sounds arriving at the right ear are more accurately identified than those arriving at the left. These findings are comparable to the right-ear superiority demonstrated with normal speech sounds, and contrast with the left-ear superiority for musical and other non-speech sounds. It is suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying the perception of speech and non-speech sounds are not differentiated along the dimension of conceptual content.     

基于Gammatone滤波器组的客观语音质量评估

语音质量是评价通信系统的一项重要指标。现有的语音质量感知评估算法采用基于Bark谱的感知模型,其算法复杂度较大,并且对于人耳的频率选择性的模拟存在不足。针对这一问题,本文提出一种新的客观语音质量评估方法,采用更加符合人耳听觉特性的Gammatone滤波器组提取特征参数,计算原始语音与失真语音的平均失真距离,并由主观平均意见分值和归一化平均失真距离之间的映射关系求出客观平均意见分值。实验表明,与感知评估方法相比,本文所提出算法的计算复杂度大大降低,同时保持了客观平均意见分值与主观平均意见分值之间的高相关度。     

How low can you go? Physical production mechanism of elephant infrasonic vocalizations

Elephants can communicate using sounds below the range of human hearing ("infrasounds" below 20 hertz). It is commonly speculated that these vocalizations are produced in the larynx, either by neurally controlled muscle twitching (as in cat purring) or by flow-induced self-sustained vibrations of the vocal folds (as in human speech and song). We used direct high-speed video observations of an excised elephant larynx to demonstrate flow-induced self-sustained vocal fold vibration in the absence of any neural signals, thus excluding the need for any "purring" mechanism. The observed physical principles of voice production apply to a wide variety of mammals, extending across a remarkably large range of fundamental frequencies and body sizes, spanning more than five orders of magnitude.     

基于3S技术的三维扑火队伍跟踪监控指挥系统研究

为解决林火扑救过程中扑火队伍位置难掌握、指挥调度难统一的问题,利用全球定位系统、地理信息系统、遥感技术、网络技术、无线电通讯技术,设计开发了三维扑火队伍跟踪监控指挥系统,应用到森林防火管理中.系统实现了指挥中心通过无线电通讯获取GPS终端定位数据,实时显示在三维虚拟场景和二维电子地图上,同时指挥中心可以向GPS终端发送语音、文字、导航等信息,系统还实现了监控中心通过网络连接GPS服务器,同步获取并显示扑火队伍的定位信息,从而实现对扑火队伍的远程指挥、多级监控,为森林防火决策科学化、指挥快速化、调度实时化提供依据.     

Comparison of the effects of delayed auditory feedback on speech and key tapping

Delaying the return of a speaker's vocal output to his ears (the auditory feedback) radically changes his speech (1). The present report concerns the effect of delayed auditory feedback on simple key-tapping tasks. Evidence is presented which indicates that changes in speech and key tapping under delayed auditory feedback are analogous.     

论谢灵运诗文的儒学意蕴

谢灵运的创作受到了儒家思想的影响,在谢灵运的文学思想和创作中,时时可见儒学思想的牵绊。在门阀世家出身的谢灵运身上可以看到传统文人的那种儒学人格,在其诗文作品中时时可见儒家的经文典故,而儒家的情性观、山水观更是支撑起了其诗文独特的审美意境。具备儒学人格的他精通儒家经典,诗文隶事用典和山水意象的选用也都浸透着儒学色彩,而儒学情性观和山水观更是与其诗文审美意境的建构联系密切。     

Speech perception in infants

Discriminiationi of synthetic speech sounds was studied in 1- and 4-month-old infants. The speech sounds varied along an acoustic dimension previously shown to cue phonemic distinctions among the voiced and voiceless stop consonants in adults. Discriminability was measured by an increase in conditioned response rate to a second speech sound after habituation to the first speech sound. Recovery from habituation was greater for a given acoustic difference when the two stimuli were from different adult phonemic categories than when they were from the same category. The discontinuity in discrimination at the region of the adult phonemic boundary was taken as evidence for categorical perception.     

基于公用电话网的家用电器遥控系统设计

以单片机AT89S52和双音频解码集成电路M8880为核心,提出了一种借助于程控交换系统的通信线路遥控的远程多路智能控制器。该控制器能够完成自动摘机、挂机,根据语音提示输入用户密码,控制家用电器的自动开/关机等功能的设定,具有智能化和人性化的特点,可以广泛应用于智能家用电器或者其他场所的各种智能设备的控制。     

对大学英语教学的思考

阅读在本质上具有交际功能 ,是提高语言能力的基础。在抓好精读的同时 ,必须重视泛读。阅读课的重要任务是扩大词汇和培养语感。精读课还要兼顾听、说、写、译能力的培养。本文就大学英语教学中的能力培养问题提出自己的看法     

Auditory induction: perceptual synthesis of absent sounds

Within certain auditory patterns, fainter sounds may be "heard" clearly when replaced by louder sounds having appropriate spectral compositions. This auditory induction of fainter by louder sounds can cancel the perceptual effects of masking. Phonemic restorations, which have been reported previously, appear to be a specialized application to speech of the much broader phenomenon of auditory induction. The rules governing auditory induction indicate that it helps maintain stable auditory perception in our frequently noisy environment.     

农产品市场信息采集的语音识别鲁棒性方法

当前便携式农产品市场信息采集设备缺少语音接口,且通用领域的识别算法又过于复杂,为此提出一种适用于该设备作业环境的语音识别鲁棒性方法。首先利用MMSE估计器对带噪信号进行增强,以提高输入信号的信噪比;对增强后产生的语音失真和残留噪声,再利用倒谱均值方差归一化（CMVN）方法进行补偿。实验结果表明,该联合后的算法能有效的提高系统的识别率,特别是在低信噪比（0~10 dB）环境下更为有效。     

Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life?

Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the "perceptual narrowing" phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.     

农业科技论文英文摘要的语法特点

农业科技论文的英文摘要在语法方面有不少特点,本文着重论述其中的八个特点。他们是:句子的主语多采用第三人称表达;使用的语态决定于所表达的内容;谓语动词往往用一般现在时或一般过去时;词汇尽量选用词义单一表达准确的书面用词;不用多余的修饰词语:一般不用间接问句;所用的句型富于变化,有表达力,以求引起读者的阅读兴趣;虚拟语气使用的场合比普通文章要多。     

毛泽东的大同思想与人民公社

青年时期的毛泽东在继承中国传统的大同思想的同时,还受到了西方新思想的影响,建国后成为党和国家领导人后,他认为人民公社是通向大同社会的最好途径,于是就有了轰轰烈烈的人民公社化运动。毛泽东的大同理想与人民公社化运动有着必然联系,是其思想的组成部分。