大肠杆菌F18ac菌毛F亚单位基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已经发表的F18ab菌毛F亚单位(FedF／ab)的基因(fedF／ab),设计一对引物,利用PCR技术从表达F18ac菌毛的大肠杆菌2134P株、8199株、8813株中分别扩增到一段序列,并克隆至pGEM—T载体,获得重组质粒T8813F、T8199F、T2134PF。琼脂糖凝胶电泳、序列测定及分析表明,该3个序列大小均为903bp,与fedF／ab大小一致且具有较高的同源性(99．4％),推导的FedF／ac氨基酸序列与FedF／ab同源性为98．3％。数据表明该实验所克隆的序列均为F18ac菌毛F亚单位(FedF／ac)的基因(fedF／ac)。     

仔猪黄痢K88-K99-987p-F41多价菌毛疫苗的制备及小鼠免疫试验

为了更好地预防仔猪黄痢,选取野生分离菌株HN2001（K88ab）、HN2002（K88ac）、HN2003（K88ad）、HN2004（K99）、HN2005（987p）和HN2006（F41）培养后用低温磁力搅拌法提取菌毛,制成5批多价菌毛混合油乳剂灭活苗。试验结果表明,5批多价灭活疫苗对小鼠的平均保护率达95．0％,为进一步进行本体动物试验提供了有价值的参考资料。     

猪产肠毒素性大肠杆菌野生株K88菌毛蛋白结构基因的克隆与序列测定

根据报道的猪产肠毒素性大肠杆菌阳8茵毛结构基因DNA序列，在其保守区用Goldkey软件设计了1对引物，经PCR扩增从20株野生分离株质粒中得到17个大小在815bp左右的阳性产物，经纯化、连接、转化、筛选及核酸序列测定与分析，确认所克隆的外源基因与报道的K88菌毛(亚单位K88ab、K88ac、K88ad)蛋白结构基因序列一致，表明该菌毛蛋白结构基因的保守区间没有发生变异。     

产肠毒素大肠杆菌K88ab/K88ad菌毛操纵子fae全基因的克隆、表达及生物学活性的初步研究

为研究K88ab/K88ad菌毛对细胞的黏附作用,本研究分别以产肠毒素E.coli (ETEC) K88ab C83901株和K88ad C83903株基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增这两种K88菌毛操纵子fae基因(均约7.9 kb).将其分别克隆于表达质粒pBR322中构建pBR-K88ab和pBR-K88ad重组质粒,并将其分别转化至不含任何菌毛的E.coli SE5000株中.该重组菌能够分别与鼠抗K88菌毛阳性血清和抗K88菌毛单克隆抗体(MAb)产生凝集反应;在电镜下观察到重组菌表面大量表达K88菌毛.采用热抽提法提取其体外表达的K88ab和K88ad菌毛,SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果显示,菌毛蛋白的分子量约为26 ku.玻板凝集试验和western blot结果表明:重组表达的K88ab及K88ad菌毛与K88+参考株菌毛均能够被抗K88菌毛阳性血清和MAb识别.以猪小肠上皮细胞系IPEC-J2为模型进行黏附和黏附抑制试验,结果表明表达K88菌毛的重组菌及K88+参考株均能够黏附于IPEC-J2上皮细胞表面;而且阳性血清和MAb能够有效抑制重组菌或K88+参考株对猪小肠上皮细胞系的黏附结合.     

抗大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)K88抗原特异单克隆抗体的研究

用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术得到了株抗E.coli K88抗原的特异单克隆抗体(MCA):JLZK-7,-10和-178。小鼠腹水中MCA的免疫荧光滴度达10~(-5)～10~(-6),直接凝集滴度为 1:500～1:5000,比用常规方法生产的因子血清高100～1000倍。JLZK-7为IgG_1亚类,JLZK-10为IgG_(26)亚类,JLZK-178为IgG_3亚类。这3株MCA与K88阴性大肠杆菌和肠杆菌科中的其他细菌无交叉反应。对K88阳性菌株的反应性测定表明,JLZK-7是对K88ab、K88ac和K88ad菌株都起反应的群特异MCA,JLZK-10和-178是分别仅与部分K88ab菌株和部分K88ac菌株反应的型特异MCA。试验结果表明,这3株MCA可用于初生仔猪下痢病的诊断和大肠杆菌K88血清型鉴定。     

F18ac菌毛A亚单位基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已经发表的F18ab菌毛A亚单位(FedA/ab)的基因(fedA/ab)[1],设计一对引物,利用PCR技术从表达F18ac菌毛的大肠杆菌2134P株[2]、8199株[3]、8813株[3]中分别扩增到一段序列,并克隆至pGEM-T载体,获得重组质粒T2134PA、T8199A、T8813A.琼脂糖凝胶电泳、序列测定及分析表明,该3个序列大小均为516bp,与fedA/ab(513bp)具有较高的同源性,分别为96.3%、96.5%、95.9%,推导的Fed/ac氨基酸序列与FedA/ab同源性分别为93.0%、93.6%、92.4%.数据表明该实验所克隆的序列均为F18ac菌毛A亚单位(FedA/ac)的基因(fedA/ac).     

致断奶仔猪腹泻、水肿病大肠杆菌F18菌毛a因子单克隆抗体的研制及其初步应用

以表达 F18ac菌毛参考菌株 2 134(O15 7∶ H19)为研究对象 ,摸索出了 F18ac菌毛表达的最佳条件 ,采用热洗脱法获得了较纯的 F18ac菌毛 ,并以之免疫小鼠 ,利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术 ,用直接玻板凝集法筛选出 1株杂交瘤细胞株 19B4 ,能稳定分泌针对 F18ac菌毛和 F18ab菌毛共同抗原表位 a因子的单克隆抗体。细胞培养上清对 F18ac菌毛参考菌株 2 134和 F18ab菌毛参考菌株 10 7/ 86的直接凝集价均可达 1∶ 8,腹水单抗直接凝集效价可达 1∶ 10 2 4 ,而与猪源产 F4、F5、F6和 F4 1粘附素大肠杆菌菌株、鸡源产 型菌毛大肠杆菌菌株及沙门氏菌不发生凝集反应。免疫印迹试验结果显示 ,腹水单抗可同时特异识别 F18ac菌毛 170 0 0和 F18ab菌毛 15 0 0 0左右的主要亚单位多肽。应用所研制的单抗对 2 15株断奶仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌分离株进行了检测 ,结果上述分离株 TSB培养物的 F18菌毛的检出率为13.4 % ,TSA培养物的检出率为 8.4 %。F18菌毛阳性分离株的 O血清型除了常见血清型 O139、O14 1外 ,还有非常见血清型 O10 7、O131和 O9等。TSB培养物的 F18菌毛检出率明显高于 TSA培养物的检出率 ,表明 F18菌毛在 TSB培养基中比在 TSA培养基上更容易表达 ,TSB培养基是适合 F18菌毛检测、流行病学调查的培养基     

大肠埃希氏菌F18菌毛结构蛋白与黏附特性的关系

利用已表达的F18ab和F18ac菌毛各结构亚单位的融合蛋白（GST-FedA／ab、GST-Fe-dA／ac、GST-FedE、（；STFed-F／ab、GST-FedF／ac）分组肌肉注射健康家兔，制备抗FedA／ab、Fe-dA／ac、FedE、FedF／ab、FedF／ac多价血清。结果表明，所制备的5种抗Fed多价血清均能凝集F18ab^＋。大肠埃希氏菌107／86株和F18ac^＋大肠埃希氏菌8813株。利用抗大肠埃希氏菌F18菌毛主要结构亚单位FedA特异抗体和次要结构亚单位FedE、FedF特异抗体，研究了F18菌毛与小肠上皮细胞的黏附特性。结果发现，FedA抗体和FedE抗体单独和合并均不能抑制F18^＋菌与小肠上皮细胞的黏附，而单用抗FedF抗体即能明显抑制F18^＋大肠埃希氏菌与小肠上皮细胞的黏附，表明FedA和FedE与F18菌毛的黏附不具相关性，而FedF才是F18菌毛的黏附性结构亚单位。     

大肠埃希菌F18菌毛结构亚单位抗原特性的研究

利用已经表达的大肠埃希菌F18ab和F18ac菌毛各结构亚单位(FedA、FedE、FedF)的融合蛋白GST-FedA/ab、GST-FedA/ac、GST-FedE/ab、GST-FedF/ab、GST-FedF/ac分组肌肉注射免疫成年健康家兔,分别制备抗GST-FedA/ab、GST-FedA/ac、GST-FedE、GST-FedF/ab、GST-FedF/ac的多价血清.玻板凝集试验结果表明,抗GST-FedA/ab、GST-FedA/ac、抗GST-FedE/ab、GST-FedF/ab、GST-FedF/ac多价血清均能同时凝集F18ab+大肠埃希菌F107/86株、F18ac+大肠埃希菌8813株.通过荧光抗体染色法对抗FedA/ab、FedA/ac、FedE/ab、FedF/ab、FedF/ac的单因子血清的研究,发现F18菌毛"a"抗原因子分布于FedA、FedE、FedF亚单位上,"b/c"抗原因子分布于FedA、FedF亚单位上.     

致病性F18大肠杆菌黏附素受体易感性仔猪的体外鉴定

在PCR-RFLP方法分析了不同猪个体FUT1基因M307位点等位基因多态性的基础上，制备M307位点为GG和AG2种类型仔猪小肠上皮细胞分别与表达F18ab菌毛的野生型大肠杆菌、表达F18ac菌毛含fed操纵子全基因的重组大肠杆菌及表面分泌表达F18ab菌毛FedF亚单位的重组大肠杆菌进行体外黏附和黏附抑制试验。结果表明，上述野生菌或重组菌对GG和AG2种基因型的30～35日龄断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞均具有较好的黏附能力。上述3种大肠杆菌分别与抗F18ab纯菌毛血清、F18ac纯菌毛血清及抗F18ab菌毛FedF亚单位单因子血清作用后．则丢失黏附小肠上皮细胞能力。而GG基因型的3日龄仔猪小肠上皮细胞不能很好的黏附上述野生菌或重组菌．但是可以很好地黏附表达987P菌毛的大肠杆菌。     

大肠杆菌K_(88ac)与LT(A~-B~ )抗原基因质粒在猪霍乱沙门氏菌弱毒株中的表达

应用细菌质粒转化技术,将大肠杆菌K_(?)与LT(A~-B~ )抗原基因重组质粒转入猪霍乱沙门氏菌弱毒菌苗株中.对获得的其中8个转化子进行鉴定的结果表明,转化的细菌仍保持沙门氏菌的形态、生化及抗原特性,同时可稳定地表达K(?)和LT-B两种抗原.用微量间接血凝试验、抗甘露糖豚鼠红细胞凝集试验(MRHA)、ELISA等对转化菌表达的K(?)抗原进行了测定,用间接免疫溶血试验对其表达的LT-B抗原进行了测定.结果,这两种抗原在转化的细菌中均可高效表达.电镜下观察,转化的细菌在其表面形成菌毛样结构.这种转化细菌表现出猪霍乱沙门氏菌与产肠毒素性大肠杆菌的两种抗原特性,为这种双价工程菌苗的研制提供了有价值的候选菌株.本研究结果还表明,猪霍乱沙门氏菌弱毒菌苗株可作为基因转化的有效受体菌.     

Use of monoclonal antibodies for classifying Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae

The serological typing (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of 119 isolates of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae (representing in varying numbers the 12 serovars of this taxon) by monoclonal antibodies derived from the reference strains of serovars 1 to 5 in general correlated reasonably with the serotype previously established for these strains by conventional procedures employing polyclonal antisera. However, where there were reasonable numbers of isolates representing a given serovar to provide a decision, there was no instance where the correlation between the monoclonal and the polyclonal antibody was in complete accord. In addition, some of the differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibody binding with some isolates suggest that the distribution of the serotype-specific antigens within the taxon may be even more complex than has previously been supposed.     

Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with diarrhea in the US

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-associated post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is economically one of the most important diseases for the swine industry. Porcine ETEC strains typically express K88 or F18 fimbria and heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (STa, STb) enterotoxins. However, recent studies indicate that EAST1 toxin, adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) and porcine attaching and effacing-associated factor (paa) may also be expressed by ETEC strains associated with diarrhea. To better understand the virulence factors of E. coli strains that cause PWD, we applied PCR to screen for K88, F18, F41, 987P and K99 fimbrial genes; LT, STa, STb, Stx2e and EAST1 toxic genes; and AIDA-I, paa and EAE adhesin genes in E. coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with PWD in the US. Of 304 E. coli isolates from diarrheic pigs submitted for testing, 175 (57.6%) strains possessed fimbrial genes: K88 (64.6%), F18 (34.3%), F41 (0.57%), K99 (0.57%), 987P (0); toxin genes: LT (57.7%), STb (72.6%), STa (27.4%), STx2e (17.4%), EAST1 (35%); and adhesin genes: AIDA-I (26.9%), paa (60%), EAE (1.1%). All toxin genes except the EAST1 toxin gene, were almost exclusively associated with K88+ or F18+ isolates, and most of these isolates carried multiple toxin genes. The non-fimbrial adhesin paa was found present in over half of the K88+ isolates. A total of 129 (42%) isolates carried no fimbrial genes, including 66 (21.7%) isolates that did not have any of the above virulence genes. These results suggest a broad array of virulence genes associated with PWD in pigs.     

Receptor-specific binding of purified F4 to isolated villi.

Different procedures for preparing and purifying F4ac fimbriae of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain GIS 26 (O149:K91:F4ac LT+Sta+STb+) were performed and the purity and yield of F4ac were compared. Fimbriae were prepared by either mechanical shearing or heatshock treatment of concentrated bacterial suspensions (10(11) bacteria/ml). The mechanical shearing procedure resulted in approximately 1.7 mg fimbriae (i.e. 74.4% of the isolated protein) and 0.6 mg (25.6%) contaminating proteins per 10(12) bacteria, whereas the yield of fimbriae following heatshock treatment was lower (0.3 mg per 10(12) bacteria, i.e. 26.2%) and the relative contamination higher (1.0 mg per 10(12) bacteria, i.e. 73.8%). A further purification consisted of either anion exchange chromatography (AEC) or electro-elution from SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The electroelution procedure was performed under reducing and denaturing conditions, so that purified FaeG subunits, the major subunit of F4, were finally obtained. The binding activity of fimbriae, nonpurified as well as purified, and FaeG to F4-specific receptors on isolated intestinal villi was assessed in an inhibition adhesion assay. Native fimbriae as well as major subunits were able to bind to the receptors, and the specificity of the binding was demonstrated by blockage with F4ac-specific MAb.     

Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody to the K99 fimbrial adhesin produced by Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic for calves, lambs and piglets

All the K99+ Escherichia coli grown at 37 degrees C stained strongly with a peroxidase labelled K99 monoclonal antibody using a direct immunoperoxidase staining procedure. There was no reaction when these bacteria were cultured at 18 degrees C or when K99- E coli were grown at either temperature. The binding of the monoclonal antibody to K99 antigen was inhibited by OK antisera to heterologous K99+ E coli but OK antisera to E coli producing adhesins other than K99 were without effect. Using the slide agglutination test the reactions of the monoclonal antibody were identical to those of a polyclonal antiserum to K99 when both were used in parallel to examine 100 K99+ E coli from at least 10 somatic O groups and 1308 K99+ E coli from at least 82 different somatic O groups submitted for routine serological typing in England or the, USA. The monoclonal antibody reacted with K99+ E coli in cryostat sections of the ileum from a piglet infected with E coli strain B44 (O9: K30, K99, F41) but there was no reaction with similar material from piglets infected by E coli strains 1751 (O101: F41), X177/81 (O9: K103, 987P) or Abbotstown (O149: K91, K88ac).     

Attachment of E. coli-bearing K88 antigen to equine brush-border membranes

Equine small intestinal brush-border membranes, from 40 adult horses were tested in vitro for the presence of receptors for the Escherichia coli adhesive antigens K88ab, K88ac and K99. Only K88-positive strains of E. coli adhered strongly to horse brush-border membranes. In contrast, a K88-negative mutant strain J2, 2 K99-positive strains and 3 E. coli strains isolated from foals failed to adhere to horse brush-border membranes. Purified K88ac pili when reacted with equine brush-border membranes inhibited to a great extent the adhesion of K88-positive E. coli. Similarly, K88-positive E. coli previously reacted with K88 antibody, did not attach to equine brush-border membranes. Oral inoculation of 4 newborn foals with strains of K88-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli, producing either heat-stable or heat-labile enterotoxin, caused diarrhoea in 1 animal.     

检测K88~+肠毒素性大肠杆菌PCR方法的建立

以K8 8菌毛结构基因保守序列为靶序列 ,设计合成了一对可扩增长 2 0 1bp的目的片段的引物 ,成功地建立了检测肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)K88菌毛基因的PCR方法。进行了PCR方法的特异性试验和敏感性试验。对K99+ ,F41 + ,987p+ 参考菌株和鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌 ,链球菌 ,金黄色葡萄球菌和猪肺疫巴氏杆菌的检测结果均为阴性 ;该检测方法的敏感度可达 1 0个细菌。用此方法对 1 0株腹泻仔猪粪便分离物进行检测 ,结果有 2株阳性 ;与血清学检测的结果一致。结果表明此方法特异性和敏感性都很高 ,可用于临床K88+ 肠毒素性大肠杆菌病的快速诊断和流行病学调查     

Prevalence of serogroups and virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in eastern China

This study was undertaken to determine the present distribution of serogroups, hemolytic activity and virulence factors among Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea from eight provinces in eastern China. Two hundred and fifteen E. coli isolates were serogrouped with O-antisera, investigated for hemolytic activity, assessed for F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41 fimbrial antigens by monoclonal antibodies and detected for genes of enterotoxins and shiga-toxin-two-variant (Stx2e) by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among these E. coli isolates, 140 were determined to be placed in serogroups, 52 were unable to be serogrouped and the rest 23 auto-agglutinated. These isolates distributed in 45 serogroups and 64.3% (90/140) belonged to 12 O serogroups: O8, O9, O11, O20, O32, O91, O93, O101, O107, O115, O116 and O131. Hemolytic activity was detected in 11.6% (25/215) of all isolates. Several uncommon O serogroups were discovered in this study. Agglutination tests showed that 50.2% (108/215) of these isolates were positive for one or more of the five fimbrial antigens. Seventy-two E. coli strains expressed single fimbria and 36 strains expressed two or more fimbriae. Among these 215 E. coli isolates, strains expressing F18, F4, F6, F6 + F18 or F5 + F41 occurred more frequently. PCR analysis showed that 60.5% (130/215) of the isolates only harboured the gene of estI (STI) while 6.0% (13/215) strains possessed the genes of stx2e, estI and estII and 5.6% (12/215) of strains had the genes of estI/estII. Of all these isolates, 107 (49.8%) were negative for the fimbrial antigens examined. The fimbria-negative isolates usually possessed genetic determinant of estI (78, 72.9%).     

Genotypic prevalence of F4 variants (ab, ac, and ad) in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic piglets in Korea.

A total of 812 Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic piglets were tested for the presence of the F4 (K88) variant (ab, ac and ad) gene by the polymerase chain reaction. Forty four (5.4%) of the 812 E. coli strains carried genes for F4. Among the 44 isolates known to carry genes for F4, 42 (96%) isolates contained genes for F4ac and 2 (4%) isolates contained genes for F4ab. None of the E. coli strains carried genes for F4ad. Our data show that F4ac is the predominant F4 variant associated with diarrhea in piglets in Korea.     

Identification of species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae

Temporal antisera (TA) prepared in susceptible Leg-horn-type chickens against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M synoviae were evaluated to determine the extent of cross-reactivity in ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides were identified after electrophoretic separation and protein immunoblotting with reference antisera, TA, and a monoclonal antibody specific for M gallisepticum. Mycoplasma gallisepticum antiserum cross-reacted with M synoviae polypeptides in ELISA and TA immunoblots. Two major M synoviae polypeptides (88 and 53 kilodaltons [kD]) cross-reacted with M gallisepticum antisera in TA immunoblots. An M gallisepticum polypeptide of 70 kD cross-reacted with M synoviae in TA immunoblots. In contrast, M gallisepticum and M synoviae reference antisera cross-reacted when immunoblotted with heterologous antigens. A monoclonal antibody specific for M gallisepticum bound to a 69-kD polypeptide in lectin-purified and whole-cell M gallisepticum protein fractions in immunoblot assays. The lectin-purified fraction hemagglutinated chicken RBC. Seemingly, the 69-kD polypeptide may constitute all or part of the M gallisepticum hemagglutinin.