Embryo transfer in sheep under practice conditions

Embryo transfer was carried out on nine Texel donor ewes, one of them on two occasions, over two breeding seasons (1980 and 1981). The donors were prepared for superovulation on the farm by two different regimens and the recipients were also synchronised on the farm of origin. Surgery was carried out on donors and recipients at a veterinary practice and the techniques of anaesthesia, surgery and embryo transfer are described. Superovulation was variable and more than two ovulations were seen in only four of the 10 ewes. Forty-one corpora lutea were produced by the 10 ewes and 27 embryos were recovered. Twenty-one embryos were transferred to recipients and 14 lambs were produced. All the 10 donors except one produced lambs themselves. The value, economics and welfare aspects of the technique of embryo transfer under practice conditions are discussed and it is concluded that the procedure should not be carried out routinely but reserved for special circumstances.     

黑曲霉液体发酵产植酸酶条件的研究

试验以黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)30132为材料,研究了碳源、氮源、培养基、起始pH值、接种量、温度对该菌株产植酸酶活力的影响。结果表明:黑曲霉30132的最适发酵温度为28℃,产酶pH值为5,最佳接种量为10%;在此条件下,以8%麸皮为碳源、0.5%硫酸铵为氮源时,产酶活力最高,发酵3d后发酵液中植酸酶活力高达35.5U/ml。     

5株植物根际促生菌功能特性及培养条件

功能特性和培养条件研究是植物根际促生菌(PGPR)工业化潜力挖掘和开发的关键。为了进一步对菌株开发利用,选取前期研究中从珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)、洽草(Koeleria glauca)、红三叶(Trifolium pratense)及草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)根际获得的5株菌株为材料,测定菌株溶磷、固氮、分泌吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力等特性,利用16S rRNA分子生物学技术,确定菌株分类学地位;测定菌株生长特性、温度耐受性、pH耐受性、产气特性、产酸特性,确定菌株适宜的培养条件。结果表明:菌株M1溶有机磷量最高,为170.37μg·mL^?1,菌株Y3溶无机磷量最高,为308.50μg·mL^?1;菌株Y1、Y3、Y5、M1、M6均具有分泌IAA的能力,分泌量在24.23~164.74μg·mL^?1。菌株Y1和Y3具有固氮能力,固氮酶活性分别为175.30和255.55 nmol·(h·mL)^?1(C₂H₄)。通过对菌株生长特性测定,5株菌株在40 h均已进入生长稳定期,适宜的生长温度在25~31℃,适宜的生长pH范围为6.50~7.50,在LB培养基中生长无产气现象,生长过程中pH稳定在6.23~7.52,具有作为工业化发酵菌种的潜力。16S rDNA鉴定确定菌株Y5与Y3为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),Y1为蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides),M1为产黄假单胞菌(Pseudomonas synxantha),M6为猴假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas simiae)。本研究为菌株的工业化生产研究奠定了基础。     

甜菜碱合成反应条件的研究

本实验研究了以氯乙酸、烧碱和三甲胺为原料化学合成甜菜碱的反应条件。结果发现,甜菜碱合成反应在25～40℃条件下能很快进行,反应1h产率即可达到最大值96%左右,且反应温度没有必要高于40℃。     

贵州警犬技术立足实战走地区特色的发展之路

近年来，贵州省全体警犬技术工作者以建设和谐贵州为己任，发挥主人翁精神，敢为人先、甘于奉献，通过不懈努力，攻坚克难，警犬技术工作结合各地的地方特点，健康而有序地发展，并在警犬技术各个领域特别是在使用效果上，都取得了可喜的成绩。     

Environmental and genetic variation of the effective radiative properties of the coat of Holstein cows under tropical conditions

Morphological characteristics, coat effective radiative properties, and the percentage of white colour were measured in the coats of 973 Holstein cows, and estimates of the genetic parameters were obtained for these traits, except morphological characteristics. The results showed that white coats are more dense with long, thin hairs, while the black coats are less dense with short, thick hairs. Effective transmissivity is greater in the less-dense coats with short, thin hairs, independently of coat colour. Effective reflectivity depends more on the variation in the radiative properties of the coat and skin surface rather than on the morphological characteristics of the coat. Effective absorptivity is greater in black and dense coats with long, thick hairs, than in the white and less-dense coat with short, thin hairs. All heritability estimates were of low magnitude, except for the percentage of white coat colour.     

模拟条件下高尔夫球场土壤氮磷淋溶规律及其对水质的潜在影响

对毗邻深圳铁岗水库因扩建即将被淹没的高尔夫球场土壤中的氮磷的浸出物随时间的演化进行了模拟试验研究。结果表明：球场土壤中的淋溶物对水质的pH值影响较小;土壤中的有机物质浸出较为缓慢;有效磷较快浸出并溶入水体,但随着时间的推移其又被土壤吸附;土壤中的氮素浸出较快,并随着时间推移水体中总氮和硝酸盐氮含量呈上升趋势,二者含量高时可达原入库水含量的3倍。但由于库底土壤的氮磷含量较低,结合淹没时入库水的实际情况及自然因素,水库蓄水后,随着水库的正常运行,水体的不断交换,这种影响将会达到新的动态平衡,从整体趋势看,即将被淹没的深圳聚豪会高尔夫球会的部分球场土壤中氮磷浸出物对水质不会产生显著不良影响.     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优选贞芪颗粒提取工艺及促生长作用初步研究

（目的）开发一种具有促生长作用的新中兽药贞芪颗粒,优化其提取工艺并对其促生猪生长作用进行初步研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。（方法）以总多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、特女贞苷、红景天苷、干膏得率作为评价指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法（CRITIC）、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,根据其正交试验结果优化贞芪颗粒提取工艺参数。将100头保育猪随机分为5组,通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的颗粒,连续喂养30天,与空白组和阳性对照组对比,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料肉比（F: G）。（结果）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺参数为复方药材加12-13倍质量的水提取3次（第一次13倍）,每次2.5 h。3批验证试验综合评分均值为98.91,RSD为0.79%。经过30天饲喂,高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组的料重比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但都显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其中中剂量组的料重比最低。（结论）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观、真实,优选出的贞芪颗粒提取工艺经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好,此工艺条件下制备的颗粒对生猪具有促进生长的作用。     

吸水剂在不同湿度条件下的吸水特性及其对6种植物种子萌发的影响

试验采用3种类型的吸水剂及多根葱、大麦、红豆草、紫花苜蓿、牵牛与玉米6种植物种子作为试验材料,探究吸水剂在不同湿度条件下的吸水特性及其对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:在80%Rh条件下吸水剂和种子吸水能力为:Kw>Rs>Xb>多根葱>大麦>红豆草>紫花苜蓿>牵牛=玉米;在60%Rh条件下为:Kw>Rs>Xb>大麦>红豆草>紫花苜蓿>多根葱>牵牛=玉米;在40%Rh条件下为:Kw>Rs>大麦>Xb>红豆草>紫花苜蓿=多根葱>玉米>牵牛。3种吸水剂均具一定的保水性能,且在高湿度的环境下保水性能好,低湿度的环境下保水性能较差;吸水剂在各湿度条件下所吸收的水分均高于种子;吸水剂在不同湿度条件下吸收的水分可被种子争夺,却不足以使种子萌发;但当吸水剂吸水饱和后,水分可以被种子所争夺,使种子萌发。