生长──肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量的研究

本试验研究饲粮中可消化赖氨酸（Lys）水平对生长──肥育猪生产性能的影响，基础饲粮中Lys消化率采用迴直吻合术猪测定。结果表明，随着饲粮Lys水平的提高，生长猪的平均日增重增加（P＜0.01），料肉比降低（P＜0.05），当总Lys为0.75％（基础饲粮Lys0.56％）时最佳。肥育猪生产性能在Lys为0.548％（基础饲粮Lys0.47％）时较佳，进一步提高Lys水平无明显改善作用。消化试验测定生长猪和肥育猪基础饲粮中Lys表观消化率分别为82.49％和79.78％。以上结果提示，生长猪（36—60kg）和肥育猪（60—90kg）的可消化Lys需要量分别为0.656％（总Lys0.754％）和0.453％（总Lys0.548％）。     

不同能量和可消化赖氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能的影响

为研究不同能量和可消化赖氨酸水平对PIC肥育猪生产性能的影响,试验1于2014年12月30日至2015年1月24日进行,选取127日龄PIC肥育猪40头,均重为78 kg左右,随机均分为A、B、C、D 4组,饲粮可消化赖氨酸水平均为0.70%,代谢能水平分别为12.51、12.64、12.76和12.89 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质、钙和有效磷水平分别为15.0%、0.61%和0.17%;试验2于2015年1月16日至2月10日进行,选取123日龄PIC肥育猪40头,均重为74 kg左右,随机均分为E、F、G、H 4组,饲粮可消化赖氨酸水平均为0.85%,代谢能水平分别为12.51、12.64、12.76和12.89 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质、钙和有效磷水平分别为16.0%、0.61%和0.17%。预试期均为3 d,试验期均为26 d。结果表明,在试验1中,A组猪的平均日增重比其余3组分别提高22.09%(P<0.05)、7.14%(P>0.05)和14.13%(P>0.05);在试验2中,H组猪的平均日增重比其余3组分别高出8.25%(P>0.05)、8.25%(P>0.05)和2.94%(P>0.05)。分别以可消化赖氨酸和代谢能水平作为单因子进行综合考虑,75~100 kg体重阶段PIC肥育猪最适宜的可消化赖氨酸和代谢能水平分别为0.85%和12.76 MJ/kg。     

肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量研究

本试验旨在确定70~100 kg猪可消化赖氨酸(DLys)的最佳需要量。选用60头平均体重约70 kg的三元杂交杜长大猪,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。以酶解酪蛋白法(EHC)测定的饲料原料DLys含量为基础按理想蛋白质氨基酸模式(IAAP)配制日粮(等能、等氨基酸模式),通过测定不同剂量DLys处理组猪生长性能、血液指标及胴体品质,确定70~100 kg猪可消化赖氨酸(DLys)的最佳需要量。结果表明:(1)DLys水平为0.47%~0.59%时,平均日增重(ADG)、无脂瘦肉生长指数(FFLI)随DLys水平的提高而增加,0.59%DLys组达到最大,分别为782 g/d和313.8 g/d(P<0.05),之后随DLys水平的提高而下降;(2)料肉比(F/G)随DLys的提高先下降后上升,0.5 9%DLys组最低为3.2 0(P<0.0 1);(3)血浆尿素氮(SUN)浓度随DLys水平的升高而显著上升(P<0.0 5),眼肌面积也随之显著增大(P<0.05),背膘厚则变薄;(4)0.59%DLys组生长激素(GH)水平显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。另外,血清总蛋白(TP)、游离甲状腺素T3(FT3)水平各组间无显著差异。综合试验结果表明,70~100 kg猪DLys最佳需要量为0.59%(15.9 g/d),相应的粗蛋白质为12.96%,以消化能浓度表示则为0.43 g/MJ。     

基于协方差分析对20～40 kg生长猪真可消化赖氨酸需要量研究

试验选用35头体重为20kg左右的杜×(长×大)三元杂交阉公猪,采用完全随机单因子试验设计,随机分为5个处理,单栏饲喂,自由采食,试验期为35d。分别饲喂真可消化赖氨酸水平(TLys)为1.15%、1.05%、0.95%、0.85%和0.75%的等能(14.23MJ/kg)、等氨基酸模式的玉米-豆粕型日粮。基于协方差分析校正生长猪始重差异,通过测定不同TLys水平对生产性能的影响,确定真可消化赖氨酸需要量。结果表明,当TLys为0.95%时,平均日增重最高(P<0.01),料重比最低(P<0.05);经回归分析,TLys含量为0.95%时,平均日增重达到最大值,而料重比最低。上述结果提示,20～40kg生长猪的TLys需求量为0.95%。     

肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需求参数研究

试验选用 70头体重约 51kg的三元杂交杜× (大×长 )猪 ,随机分为 7组 ,分别饲喂含赖氨酸(Lys)水平为 0 .53 ,0 .60 ,0 .65,0 .70 ,0 .75,0 .80 ,0 .90 %的玉米 -豆粕 -花生粕型饲粮 ,试验猪自由采食 ,至体重约 93kg结束。结果表明 ,当Lys水平从 0 .53 %升高至 0 .70 % ,肥育猪平均日增重趋于提高(P >0 .0 5) ,料重比趋于降低 (P >0 .0 5) ,胴体瘦肉日增重显著提高 (P <0 .0 5) ,胴体无脂瘦肉日增重趋于提高 (P >0 .0 5) ,眼肌面积趋于增大 (P >0 .0 5) ;当Lys水平从 0 .53 %升高至 0 .75% ,肥育猪的瘦肉率极显著提高 (P <0 .0 1)、背膘厚趋于变薄 (P >0 .0 5) ;当Lys水平从 0 .53 %升高至 0 .65% ,血清尿素氮浓度降低 (P >0 .0 5) ;而Lys0 .70 % - 0 .90 %组间上述各项指标均无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,但胴体瘦肉日增重有提高趋势 (P >0 .0 5) ,而胴体无脂瘦肉日增重在Lys0 .75% - 0 .90 %组有下降趋势 (P >0 .0 5)。所有Lys水平组间采食量、屠宰率和后腿比例都差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。综合生产性能、胴体瘦肉增重和胴体品质的结果 ,51- 93kg肥育猪的赖氨酸需求参数为 0 .70 % ,采用回 -直吻合术猪测定基础饲粮饲料的氨基酸消化率 ,则相应的真可消化和表观可消化赖氨酸值分别为 0 .64 %和 0 .59% ;以消     

60—100kg肥育猪可消化氨基酸需要量研究

选用大白×长白杂交猪60头,试验采用单因子试验设计,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复(圈),每个重复3头猪.5个处理饲粮DLys水平分别为0.30、0.41、0.53、0.64和0.75%,相应的CP分别为7.69、10.24、12.62、15.19、17.57%.饲粮等能(13.68MJ DE/kg),等氨基酸模式,其氨基酸模式DLysD-SAADThDTrp为100636720.试猪始重61.18±5.20kg,末重100.04±6.04kg.试验除考察生产性能外,试验还同时测定了氨基酸的回肠表观消化率.结果表明,肥育猪的ADG(Y1)、F/G(Y2)均随饲粮DLys水平(X)的增加呈显著的二次曲线变化.当DLys水平分别为0.56%和0.55%时,ADG和F/G分别达到极大值(910.97g)和极小值(3.20).由此可推算,60～100kg肥育猪达最佳生产性能的DLys、D-SAA、DTh、DTrp和CP需要量分别为0.55、0.35、0.37、0.11、13.20%.     

肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需求参数研究

试验选用７０头体重约５１ｋｇ的三元杂交猪,随机分为７组,分别饲喂含赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ）水平为０．５３％,０．６０％,０．６５％,０．７０％,０．７５％,０．８０％,０．９０％的玉米－豆粕－花生粕型饲粮,至体重约９３ｋｇ结束。结果表明,５１－９３ｋｇ肥育猪的赖氨酸需求参数为０．７０％,采用回－直吻合术猪测定基础饲粮饲料的氨基酸消化率, 应的真可消化和表观可消化赖氨酸值分别为０．６４％和０．５９％;以消化能（ＤＥ）浓度表示,则上述３值分别为０．５２ｇ／ＭＪ ＤＥ、０．４８ｇＭＪ ＤＥ和０．４４ｇ／ＭＪ ＤＥ。     

杜大长生长肥育猪赖氨酸需要量的研究

为修订我国猪饲养标准，选用华南地区杜大长生长肥育猪，测定了其在20～100kg阶段的胴体指标，用无脂瘦肉生长速度预测了赖氨酸需要参数。结果表明应用实测的无脂瘦肉生长速度预测的赖氨酸需要参数与生产实际接近。用实测的无脂瘦肉生长速度建立了赖氨酸需要量的数学模型：真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg／天)=7652．7059+115．3600m+1．1718m^2-0．0188m^3+36．0000m^0.75(m为体质量)。     

生长猪可消化赖氨酸需求参数研究

试验选用６０头体重约２１ｋｇ的杜大长三元杂交猪可消化赖氨酸需求参数随机分为６组，每组２个重复，分别饲喂含赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ）水平为０．６５，０．７５，０．８０，０．９０，０．９５％的玉米－豆粕－花生粕型饲粮。试验猪自由采食，至体重约４９ｋｇ结束。结果表明，在Ｌｙｓ０．６５％～０．８５％水平范围内，随着饲粮中赖氨酸水平的升高，生长猪平均日增重显著提高（Ｐ〈０．０５），料重比极显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），血     

合生素对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生理生化指标的影响

选用三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,随机分为3组。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2组和第3组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.05%和0.10%合生素的试验日粮,试验期14d,研究合生素对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生理生化指标的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,添加0.05%合生素使仔猪平均日增重提高17.2%,料重比降低36.2%,死淘率降低42.9%;添加0.10%合生素使仔猪平均日增重提高27.3%,料重比降低28.3%,死淘率降低100%,但统计上均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加0.05%和0.10%合生素,仔猪血清中ALT分别提高28.6%(P>0.05)和63.3%(P<0.01),对仔猪血清中AST、ALP、TP、ALB、GLB、GLU无显著影响(P>0.05),对仔猪血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平均有不同程度的提高作用,对仔猪血清中IgG、IgA、IgM、淋巴细胞均无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

Lysine requirement for maintenance in growing pigs

Probably due to methodological problems the knowledge about the AA requirement for maintenance in pigs is rather scarce. In the present study an alternative experimental approach was applied and its underlying hypothesis was tested, whether protein retention decreases with body weight (BW), when daily lysine intake remains constant and acts as the limiting factor for protein retention, and whether this decrease reflects the increasing requirement of lysine for maintenance. If this hypothesis can be confirmed, lysine requirement for maintenance can be calculated when assuming a certain value for lysine concentration in body protein, since marginal efficiency of dietary lysine utilisation for protein retention is not affected by its level of intake (when being below the level necessary for maximum response), BW, protein retention capacity of the animal nor by energy intake. A series of N balances experiments using twelve castrated male pigs were performed at approximately 35, 55, 80, 110, and 140 kg of BW and body composition was determined by the D₂O dilution technique. Two lysine intake levels were tested to prove that the animals on the lower level respond to additional lysine and, therefore, have received a lysine-limiting diet, the prerequisite for the alternative. Based on the extent of the decrease in protein retention with BW the following estimates for the maintenance lysine requirement were derived: 18 mg/kg BW, 71 mg/kg BW^0.75, 29 mg/kg fat free substance, and 121 mg/kg body protein. These estimates are higher than values reported in the literature, which might be caused by methodological differences or by the higher feed intake of the animals in the present study.     

生长肥育猪可消化色氨酸需求参数研究

色氨酸（Trp）往往是猪饲粮的第二或第三限制性氨基酸,Trp不足可影响5-羟色胺的代谢,降低猪的生产性能。国外饲养标准对猪Trp的推荐量差异很大,而且大部分没有可消化的需求参数。中国瘦肉型猪饲养标准（1987）未列出Trp需要量的数据,我国至今也未有对生长-肥育猪Trp需求参数的研究报道。本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸水平对生长-肥育猪生产性能和血清尿素氮浓度的影响,以探讨生长-肥育猪可消化Trp的需求参数。     

Lysine requirement of finishing pigs administered porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant

To alleviate the need for daily injection of porcine somatotropin (pST), a sustained-release implant (pSTSR) was devised that continuously delivers a daily dose of 2 mg of pST for 42 d. Ninety-six white composite (Large White x Landrace) finishing barrows (83.6 +/- 1.2 kg BW) were assigned to receive zero or two pSTSR implants (4 mg pST/d) and to consume one of six diets differing in total Lys concentration (0.29, 0.52, 0.75, 0.98, 1.21, or 1.44%, as-fed basis). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and based on the ideal protein concept. Pigs were housed individually, allowed ad libitum access to feed and water, and slaughtered at 112 kg of BW. The pSTSR affected neither ADG (P = 0.88) nor 10th rib LM area (LMA; P = 0.51), but it decreased (P < 0.01) ADFI, average backfat thickness, 10th rib fat depth, weights of leaf fat and ham fat, improved (P < 0.05) G:F, and increased (P < 0.01) weights of four trimmed lean cuts (T-cuts), and percentages of ham lean and bone. Increasing total Lys increased ADG (quadratic; P < 0.05) and ADFI (linear; P < 0.01). The G:F, plasma urea N concentrations (PUN), and T-cuts were affected by the interaction pSTSR x dietary Lys (P < 0.01). Without pSTSR, the G:F did not differ (P = 0.37) among pigs fed 0.52% and greater total Lys. With pSTSR, the G:F was less (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 0.52% than 0.98 and 1.44% total Lys. Increases in dietary total Lys resulted in increased PUN (P < 0.01), and incremental increases were less in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Maximal yield of T-cuts was at 0.98% dietary total Lys in nonimplanted pigs and 1.21% total Lys in pSTSR-implanted pigs. Estimates of total Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.52 and 0.86% for growth (ADG and G:F) and 0.73 and 0.88% for lean production (LMA and T-cuts). Equivalent apparent ileal digestible Lys requirements of pigs without and with pSTSR, respectively, were 0.44 and 0.68% for growth, and 0.62 and 0.75% for lean production. With ADFI of 3.5 kg daily, an intake of approximately 26.1 g of total daily Lys (0.75%) or 22.4 g of apparent ileal digestible Lys is needed to maximize lean production in finishing barrows receiving 4 mg pST/d via sustained-release implant.     

Lysine requirement of growing steers

Eight Limousin-cross steers (355 kg) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin-square designed to estimate lysine requirements. Steers were fed a semipurified diet containing little ruminal escape protein. Treatments were abomasal infusions of 0, 8, 16, or 24 g/day L-lysine. All steers were additionally infused with 400 g/day dextrose and 285.9 g/day of an amino acid mix that contained (g/day) L-methionine (12.0), L-histidine (8.1), L-arginine (10.5), L-threonine (12.0), L-valine (18.0), L-isoleucine (13.8), L-leucine (27.3), L-phenylalanine (28.2), L-glutamic acid (76.5), glycine (76.5) and L-tryptophan (3.0); it had been demonstrated previously that when lysine was included in this infusion mixture, nutritional requirements of steers for maximal N retention were met or exceeded. Nitrogen retention averaged 38 g/day and was not affected by treatment, implying that the lysine requirement of steers was less than the 37.8 g/day lysine estimated to be absorbed from the small intestine when the basal diet was fed.     

上海水牛生理生化指标的测定和分析

为研究上海水牛生理生化指标含量,选取精神良好、健康的上海水牛犊牛(1岁内)、青年牛(1-2岁)、成年牛(3岁以上),测定了生理指标、血液生理生化指标含量。结果显示,上海水牛的体重随月龄的增加显著增加(P＜0.05),而呼吸频率、心率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。在检测的22项血液生理指标含量中,有10项指标(平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、淋巴细胞百分比(%LYM)、单核细胞百分比(%MONO)、中性粒细胞百分比(%NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(%EOS)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、单核细胞(MONO))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余12项指标(红细胞(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、网织红细胞百分比(%RETIC)、网织红细胞(RETIC)、白细胞(WBC)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(%BASO)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞(BASO)、血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在检测的18项血液生化指标含量中,有9项指标(血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、磷离子(PHOS)、钙离子(Ca)、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLOB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHOL)、胰淀粉酶(AMYL))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余9项指标(尿素(UREA)、血尿素氮/肌酐比(BUN/CREA)、白蛋白(ALB)、白蛋白/球蛋白比(ALB/GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALKP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、甘油三酯(TRIG)、脂肪酶(LIPA))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。该研究可为上海水牛的选种选育、生长发育评估、营养状况评估、疾病诊断等提供参考。     

Lysine requirement of growing male Pekin ducks

1. One growth experiment and one balance test were conducted to study the response to increasing levels of dietary lysine supplementation in male Pekin ducks with special reference to the growth periods from 1 to 3 weeks and 4 to 7 weeks of age. 2. Two different low-lysine diets were used as basal diets in both periods. The basal lysine levels were 7.6 g/kg (d 1 to 21) and 6.2 g/kg (d 22 to 49) and the ranges in lysine concentration were 7.6 to 12.6 g/kg (d 1 to 21) and 6.2 to 11.2 g/kg (d 22 to 49). 3. Growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and meat yield increased ( P < 0.05) with increas6 ing lysine concentration (requirement defined as 95% of the asymptote). 4. It is concluded that the dietary lysine concentration should be 0.93 g/MJ nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AME N ) (11.7 g/kg) for the starter period (until d 21) and 0.75 g/MJ AME N (10.0 g/kg) for the grower period (from d 22 onwards).     

高赖氨酸玉米饲喂生长肥育猪效果试验

近年来 ,随着基因改良型玉米的不断涌现及其在饲料业中应用范围的不断拓宽 ,这些改良型玉米的营养价值评定成为一个重点问题。高赖氨酸玉米出现较早 ,人们发现用等量高赖氨酸玉米替代普通玉米能提高生长肥育猪生长速度 (金水仙等 ,1 998;Ｂｕｒｇｏｏｎ等 ,1 992 ;Ｐｉｃｋ和Ｍｅａｄｅ,1 970 ;Ｔｈｏｍａｓ和Ｋｏ ｒｎｅｇａｙ,1 972 )。高赖氨酸玉米中的粗蛋白质和赖氨酸的表观消化率都高于普通玉米 (Ｏ’Ｑｕｉｎｎ等 ,2 0 0 0 ;Ｂｏｃｋ等 ,1 978)。人们使用高赖氨酸玉米的目的是在不影响生产性能的前提下 ,以其较高的赖氨酸含量节省价…     

BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验分两期进行,试验1选用初始体重为19.02±0.04kg的阉公猪72头,随机分为3组。以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,对照组添加60mg/kg盐霉素,试验组分别添加5%、10%的BGB饲料。试验期28d,计算日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。试验2选用初始体重为57.01±0.6kg的阉公猪54头,试验期35d,试验期日粮处理与饲养管理同试验1。试验1结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),但在饲喂后期,5%BGB添加组的ADG比对照组提高7.8%,饲料转化率改善10.8%。试验2结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),在饲喂后期,5%、10%BGB添加组的ADG分别比对照组改善了10.7%和4.0%。从全期结果来看,处理组的效果要优于对照组,5%BGB添加组效果最好。以上两个试验表明:添加BGB可以达到与添加抗生素相似的生产水平,对生长性能有一定的促进作用,最适添加量为5%。     

甜菜碱对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状及血清生化指标的影响

本试验选用 1 8头体重约 2 8kg的杜× (大×长 )三元杂交猪 ,随机分为 2组 ,分别饲喂添加0 ,1g/kg甜菜碱 (以纯品计 )的玉米—豆粕型饲粮 (生长、肥育期粗蛋白水平分别为 1 7 0 %、1 5 0 % ,消化能浓度为 1 3 3 0MJ/kg) ,直至体重约 96kg左右结束。结果表明 ,甜菜碱有提高生长猪(约 2 8～ 60kg)日增重和饲料转化率的趋势 ,对采食量无显著影响 ,不影响血清钙、镁、钾、钠、氯、尿素氮浓度。肥育猪 (约 60～ 96kg)的日增重和饲料转化率因甜菜碱添加而有降低趋势 ,采食量不受影响。甜菜碱不影响肥育猪血清镁、钾、钠、尿素氮浓度 ,但对氯、钙浓度有影响。纵观全期 ,甜菜碱不影响生长肥育猪全期的生产性能。甜菜碱提高了屠宰率 (P <0 0 5) ,同时胴体瘦肉率有增加趋势 ,脂肪率有降低趋势 ,其余胴体性状无显著差别。以上结果提示 ,在本试验条件下 ,在生长肥育猪全期添加甜菜碱对生产性能无显著影响 ,但对胴体品质可能有一定的提高。